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Acids, Bases And Salts

1. Write the name or the products obtained when zinc metal pieces are
dropped into sodium hydroxide bottle.

2. Write an equation for the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on marble chips.

3. Where in India washing soda is found?

4. Write the chemical name and formula of baking soda.

5. Name the raw materials required to manufacture bleaching powder.

6. Write the chemical formula of plaster of paris.

7. Show with the help of an activity that metal carbonates liberate carbon
dioxide on reaction with dilute acid.

8. Which chemical is injected into the skin of person during
(i) An ant's sting and
(ii) The nettle-leaf sting
(iii) Wasp sting?
(iv) How can the effect of these stings be neutralised?

9. What is efflorescence? Name one compound which shows efflorescence?
Support your answer with reaction.

10. Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper
vessels?
11. With the help of an activity show that metals liberate hydrogen gas on

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reaction with dilute acids.

12. With the help of an activity show that copper sulphate crystals lose water
molecules of crystallisation.

13. Why does dry HCI gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper?

14. What effect does the concentration of H
+
(aq) have an acidic nature of the
solution?

15.Q.15 Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rain water
does?

16.Q.16 Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it
turns into curd? Explain your answer.

17.Q.17 What is a neutralisation reaction? Give two examples.

18.Q.18 Name the acid-base indicator extracted from lichen.

19.Q.19 Why a sodium chloride required in our body?

20.Q.20 What is meant by strong acids and weak acids? Classify the
following into strong acids and weak acids:

1. CH
3
COOH, H
2
SO
4
, HNO
3
, H
2
CO
3
, H
2
SO
3

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Hints & Solutions:

(1) The products obtained are:

(i) Sodium zincate
(ii) Hydrogen gas

(2) CaCO
3
(s) + 2HCI(aq) CaCl
2
(aq) + H
2
O() + CO
2
(g) marble chips

(3) In India, it is found in Dehradun, Mathura, Jaunpur, Varanasi in the form of
'reh' and 'sajji'

(4) Chemical name: Sodium hydrogen carbonate.
Formula: NaHCO
3
.

(5) Raw materials required for the manufacture of bleaching powder are:
(i) Chlorine, Cl
2

(ii) Dry slaked line, Ca(OH)
2
.
1
(6) The chemical formula of plaster of paris is CaSO
4
.
1
2
H
2
O.
(7) Take a small amount of sodium carbonate in a test tube and add about 2
ml. of dilute HCl to it.

We will notice brisk effervescence. Some gas is being evolved. Pass this
gas into lime water. If lime water turns milky, it indicates that the evolved
gas is CO
2
,
Na
2
CO
3
(s) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + H
2
O() + CO
2
(g)
CO
2
(g) + Ca(OH)
2
CaC0
3
(s) + 2H
2
O lime water milkness
(8) (i) An ant's sting injects methanoic acid into the person's skin causing

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burning pain. This acid can be neutralised by rubbing mild base like
NaHCO
3
(baking soda) on the affected area of the skin.

(ii) In the nettle-leaf sting also the methanoic acid is being injected and
causes burning pain. This can be neutralised by rubbing skin with
baking soda.
(iii) Wasp sting injects an alkaline liquid into the skin.

(9) The properties of losing water molecules of crystallisation by the hydrated
solid to the atmosphere on exposure to air is called efflorescence.
Na
2
CO
3
.10 H
2
O, Washing soda shows efflorescence.
Na
2
CO
3
.10H
2
O
aIr
---- Na
2
CO
3
.H
2
O + 9H
2
O
Washing soda loses nine water molecules. to form mono hydrate.

(10) This is because curd and other sour substances contain acids which can
react with the metal of the vessel to form poisonous metal compounds
which can cause food poisoning and damage our health.

(11) Take a hard glass test tube and place in it about one gram of zinc metal.
Place the test tube in the test tube stand. Pour about 2 mL of dil. HCl in it.
Place another test tube over the mouth of test tube in the stand. We will
observe a rapid reaction takes place with the evolution of tiny colourless
bubbles of a gas. Remove the upper test tube after a minute. Close the
mouth of the test tube tightly with your thumb.
Now bring a burning match stick near the mouth of test tube. Remove the
thumb. We will observe that burning match stick will go off but gas within
the tube catches fire and produces a pop sound. This shows that gas is
hydrogen.
From the above activity it can be concluded that zinc metal has displaced
hydrogen from hydrochloric acid.

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Zn + 2HCI ZnCl
2
+ H
2
(g)

(12) (i) Take few crystals of blue colour copper sulphate penta hydrate in a
boiling tube and heat them.
(ii) We observe that there are water droplets in the boiling tube. These
have corne from the water molecules of crystallization.
(iii) The colour of the copper sulphate also changes from blue to pale blue
and finally white.
(iv) When we add 2-3 drops of water again to this anhydrous CuSO
4
, the
colour again changes to blue,

(13) Dry HCI gas does not change the colour of dry litmus paper because it has
no hydrogen ions (H
+
) in it.

(14) Water contains exactly the same numbers of H
+
and OH
-
ions. Acid solution
contains more hydrogen ions than water. Higher the concentration of H
+
ions
in a solution, more acidic is the solution.

(15) Distilled water does not conduct electricity because it does not contain any
ionic compound like acids, bases or salts, dissolved in it. Rain water, while
falling to the earth through the atmosphere, dissolves acidic gases like CO
2
,
SO
2
etc. from the air forms acids like carbonic acid (H
2
CO
3
), sulphurous acid
(H
2
SO
3
) etc. These acids provides hydrogen ions (H
+
) to rain water. So, due
to presence of these acids, the rain water conducts electricity.

(16) The pH will fall below 6. This is because lactic acid (an acid) is produced
when milk sets into curd.

(17) All bases react with acids to form salt and water. This process is known as
neutralisation.

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(i) NaOH + Hel NaCl + H
2
O
Sodium Hydrochloric Sodium Water
hydroxide acid chloride
(base) (acid)
(18) Litmus

(19) Sodium chloride is required by our body for the working of nervous system,
the movement of muscles and the production of hydrochloric acid in the
stomach for the digestion of food.
CH
3
COOH, H
2
SO
4
, HNO
3
, H
2
CO
3
, H
2
SO
3


(20) An acid which is completely ionised is water and produces a large amount of
hydrogen ions is called a strong acid.