Identification of pollen allelochemical in Hieracium x dutillyanum Lepage and its ecological impacts on Conyza canadensis (L.) Cron.

and Sonchus arvensis L. dominated community in southern Ontario, Canada

Author(s): Murphy, SD (Murphy, Stephen D.) ; Flegel, S (Flegel, Sherri) ; Smedes, J (Smedes, Joanna) ; Finney, 1 1 1 1 N (Finney, Nigel) ; Zhang, B (Zhang, Beireng) ; Walton, K (Walton, Katharina) ;Henstra, S (Henstra, Steve) Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL Volume: 23 Issue: 1 Pages: 85-94 Published: JAN 2009 Times Cited: 1 (from Web of Science) Cited References: 31 [ view related records ] Citation Map
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Abstract: During repeated and long term experiments using in vitro and field tests, we examined the identity of the pollen allelochemical in Hieracium x dutillyanum Lepage & its ecological impacts on a Conyza canadensis and Sonchus arvensis dominated community in southern Ontario, Canada. We found that H. x dutillyanum had significant numbers of pollen grains transmitted to bothConyza canadensis and Sonchus arvensis in the field. Further, we determined that the field impacts matched the in vitro tests and that the number of pollen grains or equivalent extract concentrations was ecologically relevant. We confirmed that the chemical responsible for the pollen allelopathic effect is phenylacetic acid - similar to Ana Luisa Anaya lab's finding for a cultivar of Zea mays. During 1997-2008, flowering populations of H. x dutillyanum caused declines in populations of both Conyza canadensis and Sonchus arvensis. In contrast, if we manipulated fields by bagging H. x dutillyanum inflorescences, then the populations of Conyza canadensis and Sonchus arvensis rose significantly during this time period. Because the fields were otherwise similar and not manipulated further, we conclude that the longterm population responses in Conyza canadensis (L.) Cron.and Sonchus arvensis L. are explained solely by the presence or absence of allelopathic pollen (using phenylacetic acid) from Hieracium x dutillyanum. This is the first comprehensive and long term study examining the identity of the pollen allelopathic chemical, the in vitro response, the in situ response, and the population and community responses. Accession Number: WOS:000265459900008 Document Type: Article Language: English Author Keywords: Hieracium x dutillyanum; Conyza canadensis; Sonchus arvensis; pollen allelopathy KeyWords Plus: PHLEUM-PRATENSE L; ALLELOPATHIC POLLEN; CORN POLLEN; SEED SET; IN-VITRO; GERMINATION; POACEAE; MECHANISMS; EXTRACT Reprint Address: Murphy, SD (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Environm & Resource Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Addresses: 1. Univ Waterloo, Dept Environm & Resource Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada E-mail Address: sd2murph@uwaterloo.ca Publisher: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL, INTERNATIONAL ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION, 101, SECTOR 14, ROHTAK 124 001, HARYANA, INDIA Web of Science Categories: Agronomy Research Areas: Agriculture IDS Number: 437BE ISSN: 0971-4693