Annex B

Audit of Major Bands

Explanation of traffic light markings: Share/release A marking in this column indicates the potential for spectrum to be released or for additional sharers to be admitted (There may be other users of these bands, such as the Maritime and Coastguard Agency, who would need to be involved in discussions about alternative uses of bands before final decisions were made). Other action This column indicates the possibility for other action to be carried out in this band. This may include pursuing changes at an international level, reviewing the services currently in a band, or the potential application of pricing to a band. ed ! the Audit considers that there is no scope for either release of spectrum from this band, the introduction of other services on a shared basis into this band, or other action. This "udgement applies to the current situation and also looks five years ahead. Amber ! The Audit#s opinion is that there could be scope for action in this band, either for release of spectrum or admitting users into the band on a shared basis, or in other areas, but that there are obstacles to such a change being effected. The Audit has taken the view that it is possible for these obstacles (detailed in the #Action# column) to be overcome, or for significant steps to have been taken towards addressing them, in the ne$t five years. This marking also indicates where the Audit has not been able to obtain sufficient information from the user of a band about current use (and future use, where such information is available) to make a "udgement and is therefore recommending that further technical work is carried out. %reen ! the Audit is of the view that there is scope for action in this band, either to release spectrum or admit other users on a shared basis, or to take other action. The Audit#s opinion is that such change could be effected either immediately or within the ne$t few years. Band coverage The bands covered by this Audit were set out in the Audit&s consultation document. 'n some cases a band has been widened to give a better picture of current and future potential use. (here the band e$amined differs from that set out in the consultation an e$planation of this is given in the te$t. Basis of marking The Audit has made a "udgement on a traffic light marking for the bands listed based on the information provided to it by those currently using the band. 't is recognised that in some cases future uses for band by the incumbent may not as yet have been identified and )uantified (the main body of this report sets out a process for addressing this information gap going forwards), and that when this is done any spare capacity identified will first be used to meet these needs.

Band and use

Usage

Share/ release

Other action

Action -hare=release and other action?

!"# $% M&' ()ands *ithin+ M*T*+ +,+%'CA, -AT*,,'T* M+.',*

/01!/02 M34 /01!/02 M34 /56.7 !/50 M34 /58!/58.8 M34 /70.7!/75 M34 /01!/02 M34 /58!/58.8 M34 /01!/02 M34 /01!/02 M34 /56.7 !/50 M34 /70.7!/75 M34

The meteorological allocations 9 both for satellite and for aids 9 are used by the Meteorological +ffice as part of its weather forecasting data gathering e$ercises. Mo:&s mobile sub bands (which total 6.8 M34) are used for general communications in such areas as naval bases. -ome of the sub!bands are also used by Combat ;et adio (C; ) and by the <tarmigan system. The use is not limited to terrestrial 9 a number of assignments are used from aircraft, particularly helicopters. The .+(MA; C; system, which is fre)uency agile, can operate across these bands. The fre)uency band /02!/55 M34 is also constrained by an Anglo=>rench agreement which organises aeronautical use in the two countries There is already e$tensive civil use in these bands.

The Mo: should look at the possibility of consolidating and condensing their mobile use in these four bands, which could then free up spectrum for sharing or release

M+.',* -AT*,,'T* -pace +peration (space to *arth) -pace esearch (space to *arth). Meteorological Aids.

Band and use

Usage This band is centrally planned by ;AT+ on behalf of administrations. 't contains a wide variety of communications systems and is viewed internationally as the most important part of the spectrum for command and control of ;AT+ operations. 'ts use is harmonised for military tactical and mobile communications across the ;AT+ countries. The Mo: uses this band to meet re)uirements for ships, land forces, air defence, air traffic control, search and rescue and mobile satellite links. The band is used for Tactical adio elay training and this can involve Territorial Army units in urban areas. The Aeronautical adionavigation service in 062.F!007.5 M34 is "ointly managed by the Mo: and CAA=:A< and is part of the ',- system. There is a military aeronautical distress channel at 650 M34. The mobile satellite service in 607!066 M34 and 007.5!088.8 M34 is not constrained by the conditions contained in footnotes 7.675 and 7.677 to the adio egulations. The bands 02E!027 M34 and 08E!087 M34 are used by the CAirwaveD system operated on behalf of the emergency services including the police. -ome fre)uency!agile Mo: systems operate across these sub!bands. The allocation to the adio Astronomy service in 606!60F M34 and 06F.7!062.7 M34 is by footnote and does not impose constraints on Mo: use.

Share/ release

Other action

Action -hare=release? 't is accepted that ma"or changes in this band are unlikely in the short!to!medium term due to the nature of international planning and usage. 3owever, the scope to admit other users into this band has been demonstrated. The Mo: should consider the possibility of e$tending this at the margins of this band (e.g. further inroads in the 02E!5EEM34 sub band). +ther action? -ee the chapter of this report on <ricing for a recommendation that Administered 'ncentive <ricing be applied to this band.

,!-#%-- M&' >'@*: M+.',* A* +;AAT'CA, A:'+;AB'%AT'+; adiolocation adio Astronomy Mobile -atellite

60E!062.F M34. 007.5!088.8 M34 60E!062.F M34. 007.5!088.8 M34 062.F!007.5 M34. 60E!062.F M34 606!60F M34 06F.7!062.7 M34 607!066 M34 007.5!008.8 M34

;AT+ band type /, 667!5EE M34 C*ssential for mobile satellite, Air=%round=Air and specific maritime and terrestrial communicationsD. A >A manage this band in *urope.

Band and use %--. $#%-/. M&' ME0EO1O2O345A2 SA0E2240E (E#6s+ ME0EO1O2O345A2 SA0E2240E secondar7 (E#6s+ ME0EO1O2O345A2 A48S S9A5E O9E1A04O:S Space Operations (secondar7+ S1S MSS ;4<E8 MOB42E except aeronautical Mo)ile Satellite (E#6s+

Usage

Share/ release

Other action

Action -hare=release? ;ew e)uipment has the potential to make more efficient use of spectrum. This should create opportunities for rationalising the use of this band and potentially releasing some for alternative use +ther action? -ee the -cience services chapter for a recommendation on handling spectrum fees between Mo: and Met +ffice, with associated review to consolidate = replan use into the minimum re)uired spectrum with improved designs now available.

Meteorological +ffice use (often in association with military airfields) around the AG. Main use involves releasing radiosondes attached to 5E/!5E0 M34 balloons to report atmospheric conditions as the balloon rises through the atmosphere over a number of hours, drifting with prevailing winds 5EE./7!5EF M34 over potentially 6EE km distance. The analogue 5E/!5EF.E M34 transmitters are cheap, disposable and battery! 5EE./7!5E/ M34 powered and suffer from fre)uency drift. More modern digital systems are now being 5EE./7!5E/ M34 adopted with greater on!board processing and 5EE./7!5E/.E M34 better fre)uency stability which could lead to a 5E/!5EF.E M34 reduction in bandwidth re)uirements. 5E/!5EF.E M34 %round stations normally have both preferred and 5EF.E!5EF./ M34 alternative channel assignments (which are re! used between e$tremes of AG) for the case where either fre)uent measurements are re)uired or a :A0O )and 5EE./7!5EF M34 sonde fails to operate properly once released and another launch is re)uired. There are eight main =1e>uirement for Met# launch sites in the AG, supplemented by ten Aids.? military establishments which launch sondes as re)uired and report observations. Band under Mo8 management. adiosondes from other countries may drift over +verall responsibility for the AG, however signal levels are relatively low and band may change between the sonde may be out of operational range of its Mo:=:-M and the monitoring station. The Met +ffice can receive Meteorological +ffice as an data from a FE m( sonde at a slant range of Agency of Mo:. 67E km. Meteorological -atellite uplink provides data transfer from ocean buoys to Meteosat!1 between 5E6!5E6.6 M34. :uring 6EEF usage is e$pected to switch to 5E6.EF H=! E.017 M34 for the new generation of Meteosat (fre)uencies controlled by *umetsat). A buoy in Cardigan .ay sends data to Aberporth at 5E5.8 M34. 5EE./7!5E/ M34

Band and use

Usage 'nformation informs AG weather forecasting, maritime forecasts and condition reporting, military operations and of course air transport. There is also ,icence *$empt use of -hort ange :evices in this band. 5EF.E!5EF./ M34 ! ,ow power satellite emergency position indicating radiobeacons as covered under footnotes 7.6FF I 7.6F1 of the 'TA adio egulations.

Share/ release

Other action

Action

%-/. #% - M&'. >'@*: M+.',* A:'+ A-T +;+MJ adiolocation.

-hare=release and other action? 5EF./!5/E.E M34 5EF./!5/E.E M34 5EF./!5/E.E M34 5EF./!5/E.E M34 Ased for general mobile communications, including A-A> bases in *ast Anglia, some of which have been moved down from 50E!57E M34. Ase of the band is constrained by the need to protect co!primary adio Astronomy which is used at all si$ ma"or observatories in the AG. The military use of this band appears light compared to the density of activity which might be e$pected in a comparable civil use band. There would therefore seem to be scope for admitting increased alternative use into this band (e.g. <M )

Band and use

Usage

Share/ release

Other action

Action -hare=release and other action?

% -#%!- M&' >'@*:. M+.',*. A:'+,+CAT'+;. -pace esearch. ;AT+ band, C e)uirement for land and naval radars and airborne radars over ocean areasD.

5/E!50E M34 5/E!50E M34 56E!50E M34 5/E!56E M34 56E!57E M34

This band is used for military land management radios and mobile networks. Most of these are for security, crash and fire networks and logistics support. The band is also use for flight termination systems and remote firing switches on missiles at Mo: test ranges. Ase of 56E!50E M34 is overshadowed by the need to protect the long!range early!warning radar system at >ylingdales. The radar is established under an inter!governmental agreement and is e$pected to remain for the foreseeable future. <rogramme Making operates in this band on a geographically restricted basis. The Mo: have already released much of this band on a channel by channel basis. The released spectrum has been used for civil <AM and its future use is under discussion. -pectrum within these bands has been identified in the -> ?'< for civil use and +fcom has issued a consultation document on the award of spectrum at 5/6!5/5 M34 paired with 566!565 M34. Consultation closes on 65 ;ovember 6EE7. The *mergency -ervices use 5/E!5/6M34 and 56E! 566M34 and the Mo: /$/M34 of this. Two fre)uencies within this band (5/F.5 I 5/F.F17 M34) are used to provide a datalink for flight calibration of radionavigation aids.

There appears to be good potential for further release of spectrum in this band below 56E M34. The Mo: systems below 56E M34 are mobile and therefore more easily moved than the ma"or military radar use in the 56E!57EM34 band covered ne$t. There could be demand for this band for <M services displaced from .and ''' and A3>!6.

Band and use %!-#%$- M&' >'@*: M+.',* A:'+,+CAT'+; Amateur Amateur! -atellite ;AT+ band, C e)uirement for land and naval radars and airborne radars over ocean areasD. This band was not included in consultation document. It has been included here to more fully reflect MoDs use in this area (as linked to previous band covered).

Usage

Share/ release

Other action

Action -hare=release?

50E!57E M34 50E!57E M34 50E!57E M34 50E!55E M34 507!502 M34 56E!57E M34

Ase of this band is overshadowed by the need to protect the long!range early!warning radar system at >ylingdales. The radar is established under an inter!governmental agreement and is e$pected to remain for the foreseeable future. ;umerous Channels are used for base management radios and land mobile networks. Most units operate e)uipment in this band for security, crash and fire networks, maintenance teams, logistic support etc. The number of these has been increasing as e$isting military assignments are phased out of bands in 5EE!50E M34 in order to permit increased civil use. 3owever, protecting the early!warning radar imposes constraints on the planning of these assignments. There is e$tensive use of this spectrum for civil <M (mostly in the ma"or conurbations) though this is also now constrained by the need to protect >ylingdales. A coordination tool has been developed to manage the future assignment process (both civil and military) in this band. The band is also used for <rogramme Making on a geographically restricted basis. The Amateur service operates across 50E!55E M34 including the Amateur -atellite service in 507!502 M34. This is on a secondary basis in the AG but primary across the rest of egion /. Many -hort ange :evices operate in a *uropean harmonised band at 500 M34.

>ylingdales creates severe constraints in this band. 3owever, the Audit is of the view that there may be scope for optimising civil use. This might be done through reconfiguration of e$isting (other Mo: non!radar) use, assisted by the planning tool used in this band. 't is noted that there is ongoing interference and usage monitoring in this band.

Band and use $@-#$@A M&' AE1O:AU045A2 1A84O:AB43A04O: 2and Mo)ile 8A9 manages radionavigation. Ofcom manages mo)ile. 78E!782 M34

Usage

Share/ release

Other action

Action -hare=release and other action?

Gnown as Channel 0F (due to its position in the TB .roadcasting spectrum) this now contains low and diminishing radar uses (not operated by the Mo:) and the future of this is under consideration as part of the AG&s planning for CEF. .and also contains licensed radiomicrophones used in locations away from the radar.

+fcom, with assistance from the CAA, should take forward discussions with the incumbents of the 78E!782M34 band with a view to vacating the band (including the option of a funded clearance pro"ect). These discussions should take place in the contact of the wider debate on broadcasting spectrum taking place in CEF in order to properly assess the costs and benefits of such action

Band and use A"-#@/- M&' MOB42E 21E!216 M34 21F!22E M34 8/7!8/1 M34 86/!867 M34

Usage

Share/ release

Other action

Action -hare=release and other action?

;AT+ band, C*ssential for 18E!8FE M34 between /E!FE M34 for T , of which /E M34 should be harmonised for cross!border trainingD 9 >i$ed and non!aeronautical Mobile.

The Mo: manages 6$F M34 of this spectrum of which 6$5 M34 is already shared with the %-M! railway signalling system which is being rolled out across the AG&s railways by ;etwork ail. Civil T*T A!based systems may operate in the bands 216!21F M34 and 8/1!86/ M34. <rivate T*T A systems may also operate in 21/!216 M34 and 8/F!8/1 M34 on a non!protected basis in accordance with the agreement between Mo: and +fcom 22E!8/7M34 and 867!8FEM34 are used for %-M The Mo: uses this spectrum for Tactical adio elay 9 either its wide!band Triffid e)uipment or <tarmigan. The channels for this e)uipment are allotted to and assigned on a daily basis by the appropriate Army :istrict 3ead)uarters. (hile primarily used in the conventional army training sites, there is a need to train personnel in the use of these links AG wide and in particular in urban areas so that links can be deployed them in the event of a civil emergency.

%iven the use of this band for training and operational purposes, and in view of the sharing arrangements that have already been agreed, the Mo: should consider the scope for admitting additional sharers into the remaining (albeit relatively small) part of the band.

Band and use @/-# , $ M&' A* +;AAT'CA, A:'+;AB'%AT'+; A:'+;AB'%AT'+;! -AT*,,'T* (space!to! *arth) (space!to!space) ;AT+ band C e)uirement for TACA;, '>> I KT':-=M':-D. CAA and Mo: use. Koint management

Usage

Share/ release

Other action

Action -hare=release? Anlikely to be scope for unilateral action (for AG to release spectrum or change use) due to international constraints, the mi$ed nature of use and safety obligations. +ther action? The Audit is of the view that there could be scope for rationalising navigation!aid systems (e.g. :M*, B+ , ;:.), though it e$pected that :M*=TACA; would be retained. 3owever removal of other systems might additionally allow :M*=TACA; to be re!planned to use a smaller amount of spectrum while continuing to satisfy the navigation re)uirement.

8FE!/6/7M34 //F5!/6/7 M34

AG operates 56 ground!based Civil -econdary -urveillance adar systems. Their use of the two paired channels at /E0EM34 I /E8EM34 is critical for safe aircraft operation. Military '>> shares with civil use.

8FE!/6/7 M34

8FE!/6/7 M34

AG operates /67 :istance Measuring *)uipment beacons (using 8FE!/6/7M34 with / M34 channels), 58 of which are paired with B+ , and FE of which are paired with ',- (or M,-). .eacon fre)uencies are notified internationally. There are 06 fi$ed Mo: sites throughout the AG, plus e$tensive use for maritime and air!air TACA;.
KT':- (military Koint Tactical 'nformation :istribution -ystem) operates (fre)uency hopping) in 8F8!/6EF M34, but avoids both -- ='>> channels by 6E M34, and provides tactical data communication between military aircraft, and between military aircraft and the ground. KT':- is also used by ;AT+ partners. %alileo *7 signal (//22!/6E2 M34, 6E M34). %<- ,7 signal (//F5!//22 M34, 65 M34) 9 safety!of!life use including aviation 9 though AG may not use this signal.

Band and use , $# !$- M&' A:'+,+CAT'+; A* +;AAT'CA, A:'+;AB'%AT'+; A:'+;AB'%AT'+; A:'+;AB'%AT'+;! -AT*,,'T* (space to *arth) (space to space) A:'+;AB'%AT'+;! -AT*,,'T* (*arth to space) *A T3 *@<,+ AT'+;! -AT*,,'T* (active) -<AC* *-*A C3 (active) Amateur Amateur!satellite (*arth to space) ;AT+ band C*ssential for air defence and long!range warning radarsD ;AT+ band C e)uirement for %<-D CAA and Mo: use. Koint management, +fcom manages Amateur and Amateur -atellite use.

Usage Ma"or long!range (67E nautical miles or more) aeronautical radar band with both civil (air traffic control (ATC)) and military (ATC and protection of airspace) applications. Civil stations are placed mainly above /650 M34, while military naval and air defence radars use the band /6/7!/0F7 M34 AG operates // aeronautical radars (civil) in this band, each of which would use at least two operating fre)uencies. Most radars are now based on T(T, though three magnetrons remain, and the four latest radars use solid state transmitters with fre)uencies overlying the older magnetron based radars at these locations. /6/6!/0F7 M34 offers seven, 6EM34 channels. >re)uency reuse is employed on only four civil fre)uency assignments in the AG, mainly due to long operating ranges. (indprofiler radars operate in the range /61E!/687 M34. These are used for weather forecasting and aircraft safety around airfields. These typically operate near!vertically but might interfere with navigation radars through reflections from illuminated aircraft. Mo: also uses the band to transfer radar information from the radar to the controller or user through effectively an application!specific fi$ed link and for local ad hoc security devices.

Share/ release

Other action

Action -hare=release? Anlikely to be scope for unilateral action (for AG to release spectrum or change use) due to international constraints, the mi$ed nature of use and safety obligations. other action +ther action? -ee the Aeronautical and <ricing chapters on pricing radar bands and improving coordination, both to encourage more effective use of the radar bands.

/6/7!/07E M34 /0EE!/07E M34 /6/7!/07E M34 /6/7!/0EE M34

/0EE!/07E M34 /6/7!/0EE M34 /6/7!/0EE M34 /65E!/067 M34 /6FE!/61E M34 /6/7!/07E M34 /6/7!/07E M34

Band and use

Usage -atellites re)uire protection (and are normally afforded international protection), especially when low towards the hori4on, even if no AG uplink. Any AG ;-- uplinks are e$pected to be in C!band. 't is believed that other countries may wish to deploy ;-- systems, and this would further constrain AG use of this important band. **-- use is for active spaceborne sensing and has international protection

Share/ release

Other action

Action

!"$# %-- M&'. %,"# %$, M&'. ;4<E8 MOB42E (except aeronautical mo)ile+ MOB42E S9A5E O9E1A04O: (Earth to space+

/017!/5EE M34 /561!/576 M34 /017!/5EE M34 /561!/576 M34 /561!/568 M34

This paired spectrum is primarily used for radio relay e)uipment tactical training. These bands are also used for wide!band radio e)uipment providing security surveillance, video and data links control of aerial targets and essential aeronautical telemetry for military test and development. (e understand that military use of the band is e$pected to increase as core fi$ed infrastructure for Army communications are displaced from 667! 5EE M34. <ro$imity to the adio Astronomy band at /5EE! /561 M34 imposes some planning constraints on the use of the band. /561!/576 M34 is also used for telemetry for airborne platform development. (particularly carefully protected). Mo: use has been consolidated here from several other bands.

=A=%

-hare=release? 'f there is pressure on ad"acent fi$ed links bands this should be e$amined as a candidate band for additional terrestrial fi$ed links +ther action? <ricing in this band may be currently too low due to the fi$ed!mobile differential (see the <ricing chapter for more detail)

Band and use $$@# /,/.$ M&' AE1O:AU045A2 1A84O:AB43A04O: 1:SS (s#6E+ (s #6 s+ MSS (E #6 s+ MSS (s#6E secondar7+ 1A84OAS01O:OMC Mo8/8A9 jointl7 manage 1:SS and radionavigationD Ofcom manages the other services. UE % )and.

Usage The lower sub!band /778!/F/E M34 contains the main civil!use radionavigation satellite service channels for %<-, %alileo and %,+;A--. These are used by aircraft for navigation purposes inn addition to the wider civil commercial and recreational uses. ,ocal ground!based transmissions to enhance the ;-- service, particularly for use as a landing aid (under aeronautical radionavigation allocation) have been considered, and now wider application to e$tend coverage underground or inside buildings has been proposed. ;-- signals are also widely used for accurate timing signals in addition to conventional navigation purposes. There are no other uses of the lower sub!band. The upper sub!band above /F/E M34 is shared between radioastronomy and commercial M-services. ;o AG navigation use of the upper sub! band has been identified, though visiting e)uipment may re)uire the adionavigation allocation to be maintained.

Share/ release

Other action

Action -hare=release and other action? The services in this band mean that it is in effect managed at a global level. 't is therefore unclear that there is scope for unilateral action from the AG, and progress at an international level seems unlikely. 3owever, the systems operating here probably do not need the whole band to operate in, and this should be borne in mind should the systems mi$ in this band change or the likelihood of seeking change on an international level change.

$$@# /,/.$ M&' /778!/F/E M34 /F/E!/F6F.7 M34 /F/0.2!/F6F.7 M34 /F/E.F!/F/0.2 M34

Band and use ,! -#,%$- M&' ;4<E8 MOB42E 1adiolocation Amateur Amateur!-atellite

Usage Military use of this band includes fi$ed, telemetry and mobile services and long!range airborne telemetry links which are particularly carefully protected. -ome of this use is by both the A> and the A-A> for training purposes. (e understand that here is increasing demand for spectrum in this band for telemetry including possibly for Anmanned Aerial Behicles (AABs). >uture generations of adio elay e)uipment is e$pected to be designed so that it can operate across this band. The Mo:&s .+(MA; <ersonal ole adio also uses this band. There is a *urope!wide allocation to a variety of low power devices in the sub!band 65EE!6520.7 M34 and there is military interest in the use of some of these technologies. The sub!band 60/E!602E M34 is also used by the 3ome +ffice = -cottish *$ecutive by agreement with the Mo:. 3owever, this imposes some constraints on military use. The emergency service use is for video links some of which are moving up to spectrum at 05EE!0FEE M34. Civil <rogramme ,inks operated by the K>M% operate in 608E!657E M34. These channels are of limited use due to the amount of interference e$perienced from other civil systems (including '-M) above 65EE M34. The sub!band at 65EE!657E M34 is used for a variety of licence!e$empt, civil low!power systems including video senders, radio local area networks (including .luetooth), > 'dentification (including railway systems) etc.

Share/ release

Other action

Action -hare=release and other action? Mo: information on detailed assignments in this band show that the Mo: has a multiplicity of uses here and that the band is widely used. (e understand that Mo: has current and emerging re)uirements for aeronautical use in this band. 3owever, the current use of the band is a result of an historical build up of assignments. There should therefore be scope for rationalisation of Mo: use. 'n addition, ( C!E1 is considering international spectrum needs for airborne telemetry and AABs). This discussion will affect potential future uses for this band and therefore influence the review of use of this band. There may also be scope for the other uses in this band (e.g. fi$ed links) to be rationalised, which would also need to be taken forward by the Mo: as the primary user of this band, ;ew sharing technologies may provide new sharing opportunities in this band in the future.

60/E!657E M34 60/E!657E M34 60/E!657E M34 60/E!657E M34 60/E!657E M34

Band and use ,"--#!%-- M&' 1A84O:AB43A04O: AE1O:AU045A2 1A84O:AB43A04O: 1A84O2O5A04O: 1adiolocation EESS (active+ S1S (active+ Mo8/8A9 jointl7 manage the radionavigation service. Mo8 manages radiolocation. Ofcom ma7 licence maritime radionavigation service in the ,@--#! -- M&' )and. :A0O Band =1e>uirement for landD air)orne and naval radars.? :A0O Band =Essential for landD air)orne and naval radars.? 61EE!0/EE M34

Usage This radar band has four main uses? a) Aeronautical adionavigation 9 ground!based air movement radars which operate between 61EE!0/EE M34. These have operational ranges between FE to /7E nautical miles and provide the main radar coverage over AG territory and around airfields. b) Aeronautical radionavigation and radiolocation 9 ground based radars used for air defence and airspace protection, sometimes shared with air traffic management, operate between 61EE!05/E M34. Multiple fre)uencies may be used to provide elevation information, primarily for military purposes. (a and b) The AG has 5E fi$ed radars used for monitoring AG airspace and navigation routes. ;AT- are completing an upgrade programme to replace older, magnetron radars with more spectrally!efficient T(T or solid!state designs, though many airfields still operate magnetron! based radars (/2 magnetrons, 5 solid!state, /F T(T). ;AT- report congestion in parts of the AG making new assignments difficult to achieve. -ome radar installations satisfy both civil and military aircraft navigation and airspace protection roles for a particular volume of airspace, while Mo: also operate some defence!specific radars.

Share/ release

Other action

Action -hare=release? The Audit is aware of several proposals for automated sharing within this band. These may have application elsewhere as well (although work to date has been specifically targeted on this band) but application will be more difficult the higher up in fre)uency and as systems become more mobile. There appear to be potential opportunities for both geographic release of spectrum, and for increased sharing as a result of technological developments on both commercial communications systems and radar systems. Audit recommendations should enable such increased use provided that safety and security re)uirements are not "eopardised, and international obligations remain satisfied.

68EE!0/EE M34 61EE!68EE M34 68EE!05EE M34 61EE!0/EE M34 0/EE!00EE M34 0/EE!00EE M34

0/EE!05EE M34

Band and use

Usage (c) Maritime radionavigation 9 primarily ship! borne, but also some land!based radars used for safety of maritime navigation 9 'M+ carriage re)uirement for larger ships, operate in the band 68EE!0/EE M34. The 'M+ mandates the use of -!.and radars on larger -+,A- vessels to provide longer!range (for maritime) sensing and better all!weather capabilities than are available purely at the other mandated fre)uencies at @!.and. Maritime radars are usually magnetron!based (si4e and cost) and may operate anywhere within the 68EE!0/EE M34 band. Any change to reduce the operating band would have to be agreed internationally and would not happen )uickly. acons (fi$ed navigation marker beacons) respond to radar signals in this band, and there are land!based navigation radars, some of which operate inland. d) Mobile military radars, high power, often combined ship!borne units with navigation, surface and airspace monitoring roles, but also associated with airborne radars such as A(AC-, operating throughout the 61EE!05/E M34 band, though normally minimising interference to other radars in the 61EE!0/EE M34 band.

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Other action

Action 't is however accepted that there is a need to take into account neighbouring countries operating Aero adionavigation services in 61EE!68EE M34, and that military use of mobile radars presents a coordination challenge for enabling sharing. +ther action? This is also a candidate band for radar pricing, which the Audit recommends is introduced.

Band and use !%--#!/-- M&' 1A84O2O5A04O: Amateur Band under Mo8 management. Ofcom and F;M3 manage alternative civilD commercial and amateur uses. :A0O Band =Essential for landD air)orne and naval radars.? :A0O Band =1e>uirement for land and naval radars.? 05EE!05/E M34 05/E!07EE M34

Usage

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Action -hare=release?

(hole band 05EE!0517 M34

There have been civil services in this band for many years including programme making and a >(A system. +fcom has agreed with Mo: a licence for the >(A system in 6$6E M34 (052E!07EE I 072E!0FEE M34). Mo: have formalised the >(A use by making the sub bands available for civil use for a /7 year period from 6EE6. Mo: has indicated that it wishes to continue to manage the band in the e$pectation of future military use. The sub!bands at 05EE!055E and 07EE!0FEE M34 are widely used for <rogramme Making and new digital video technology is being introduced. The top channel at 072E!0FEE M34 is being vacated to make way for >(A. There is continued military use of the lowest /E M34 (below 05/E M34) for station!keeping in association with A(AC- airborne radars. The sub!band 0556!0517 M34 is used by the emergency services for Chelly!tellyD airborne video links.

Mo: has made 6$6EM34 of this band available for leasing and will need to demonstrate a need for it to return to Mo: at the end of this period +ne possibility would be for this to be auctioned, with Mo: bidding if they do have future needs. (e understand that the Mo: do have pro"ects planned for this band. elease=sharing should also be considered for the rest of the band. +ther action? The pricing chapter also refers to the possibility of charging a proportion of A'< for a body to hold an Loption& on a band which is leased out through +fcom. -uch an arrangement would be an option for a band such as this in the future.

Band and use %,--#%%-- M&' AE1O:AU045A2 1A84O:AB43A04O: Band jointl7 managed )7 Mo8/8A9

Usage

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Action -hare=release and other action?

56EE!55EE M34

The sole use is for radioaltimeters on aircraft, mainly in a ground!pro$imity warning role but also as part of the normal landing procedures. These are fitted to virtually every commercial aircraft. Most systems employ swept >M waveforms using the time delay between transmission and reception to derive distance. Ase must be protected around all airfields and in general to provide backup for failure of other navigation systems. Alternative technologies could reduce the bandwidth re)uired, and indeed many systems do not use the ma"ority of the band now. Any changes would need to be pursued internationally to effect significant change in this band.

There is an 'TA recommendation to e$amine narrowing this band but there has been no action taken to date. The AG should encourage and actively support such a move.

Band and use %%--#$--- M&' >'@*: M+.',* >'@*: -AT*,,'T* (space to *arth) A:'+ A-T +;+MJ adio Astronomy ;AT+ Type / band C*ssential for fi$ed, T and mobile systemsD.

Usage

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Other action

Action -hare=release and other action? >rom the information provided, the civil and military fi$ed links uses of this band look to be similar. There should therefore be scope for this band to be managed more commercially with civil and military use of fi$ed links managed together. 't is noted that future military AABs are targeted for this band. There is no set date for such e)uipment being brought into operation, however it could potentially use a significant portion of the band and will therefore affect Mo:&s consideration of future use

55EE!7EEE M34 55EE!7EEE M34 57EE!52EE M34 588E!7EEE M34 52EE!588E M34 55EE!7EEE M34

This band has been harmonised throughout ;AT+ for military services. 't is mainly used in the AG for fi$ed links between military establishments and contains many wide!band high capacity links for tactical area communications systems. Mo: use is a mi$ture of fi$ed links at specific geographical locations and AG!wide links for <tarmigan. Mo: use data links and some sat!com links. 't also lists some CAce 3ighD troposcatter links. The sub!band at 588E!7EEE M34 is shared with adio Astronomy and the need to protect this service from interference imposes constraints on military use.

Band and use $---#$A$- M&' AE1O:AU045A2 1A84O:AB43A04O: AE1O:AU045A2 1A84O:AB43A04O: 1A84O:AB43A04O: MA1404ME 1A84O:AB43A04O: 1A84O2O5A04O: 1:SS EESS (active+ S1S S1S deep#space secondar7 ;SS ;SS MOB42E except aeronautical MOB42E except aeronautical 2and mo)ile secondar7 (F;M3 use+ Amateur secondar7 Amateur Satellite secondar7 GAS/12A: GAS/12A:

Usage

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Other action

Action -hare=release?

7EEE!767E M34 707E!75FE M34 75FE!751E M34 751E!7F7E M34 767E!727E M34 7EEE!7E0E M34 767E!771E M34 767E!771E M34 7F7E!7167 M34 7/7E!767E M34 7167!727E M34 7/7E!707E M34 751E!7167 M34 7167!727E M34 751E!727E M34 7F7E!727E M34 7F7E!727E M34 7/7E!707E M34 751E!7167 M34

A comple$ band, with significant levels of civil=commercial use for ,A;s (licence!e$empt) and .>(A (52EE systems) which are internationally sub"ect to technical and operational compatibility measures to protect radars. K>M% manages <M=-* use. Maritime and aeronautical navigation uses of these bands have in general significantly decreased with the e$ception of weather radars. Most larger aircraft use the band 707E!751E M34 for forward!looking weather radar, primarily for detection of windshear. This is particularly important when the aircraft is on final approach and therefore most susceptible to interference originating from the ground. The aeronautical community has not yet e$pressed a clear preference for M,- over alternative automated landing systems such as ',- and %.A-, and therefore several bands are held available. M,- roll!out around the AG has been slow, and the initial allocation used for planning has been reduced to 7EEE!7/7E M34. A firm decision with international partners, either in favour or against M,-, would potentially release spectrum for alternative uses. M,- fre)uencies are by default paired with B+ =:M* and ',-, leading to potential inefficiencies if this would cause M,- to spread across more spectrum than necessary.

't is difficult to )uantify the use in this band due to the diversity of systems in operation and the mi$ed management of the band. This suggests that the optimal planning of this band is not its current use and that there should be scope for rationalisation of the Mo: and CAA use and management of this band, (acknowledging that other users in the band would need to be taken into account in doing so). 'n addition, bandsharing technology developments may be considered to help radars and (A-= ,A;=.(A coe$ist.

Band and use Mo8 manages 1adiolocation and a)ove $,$- M&'. Githin $---#$A$- M&'D Ofcom manages the Mo)ileD ;SSD Amateur and Amateur Satellite services and authorises GAS/12A: and BGA. F;M3 share in $%"-#$A$- M&'. :A0O =Essential for landD 767E!727E M34 air)orne and naval radars.?

Usage ;AT+ places importance on availability of the 7 %34 band for deployable point and area defence weapons systems, which might be used nationally around potential targets during times of conflict or to protect large international events or meetings. Maritime users prefer the greater fre)uency separation of pairing - and @!band radars. The ;-- allocation is used by %alileo for uplink **-- (active) use is for mapping, synthetic aperture radar and sea!level sensing.

Share/ release

Other action

Action +ther action? <art of this e$ercise is the Audit&s recommendation that CAA seek to determine an overall aeronautical preference for M,-, ',- or %.A- and then work to close the non!preferred services with conse)uential spectrum release or re!use to satisfy other aeronautical re)uirements.

Band and use

Usage

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Other action

Action -hare=release and other action?

"@--#A%-- M&' *A T3 *@<,+ AT'+;! -AT*,,'T* >'@*: >'@*: -AT*,,'T* ,A;: M+.',* M*T*+ +,+%'CA,! -AT*,,'T* M+.',* M+.',* -AT*,,'T* ;AT+ type / band C*ssential re)uirement for satellite uplinks (mobile land and maritime)D and C e)uirement for fi$ed in some countries.D

2E67!2/17 M34 18EE!1817 M34 2E67!25EE M34 18EE!25EE M34 18EE!1217 M34 2/17!26/7 M34 2E67!26/7 M34 18EE!25EE M34 18EE!25EE M34

The bands 167E!117E M34 (down!link) and 18EE! 25EE M34 (up!link) are used for military fi$ed! satellite communications and are the primary link to AG forces operating overseas. This allocation is a harmonised ;AT+ band and many partner countries have similar arrangements. The band is also used for military fi$ed links which the Mo: co!ordinates to protect the satellite service from interference.

>rom the information provided it appears that the nature of AG use of this band is fi$ed and that there should therefore be scope for geographical sharing in this band.

Band and use A$--# -$-- M&' (Excluding @---#@$-M&' )elo*+ A* +;AAT'CA, A:'+;AB'%AT'+; *A T3 *@<,+ AT'+;! -AT*,,'T* MA 'T'M* A:'+;AB'%AT'+; M+.',* A:'+,+CAT'+; -<AC* *-*A C3 Amateur Amateur -atellite. adiolocation 217E!227E M34 277E!2F7E M34 87EE!82EE M34 227E!8EEE M34. /EEEE!/E7EE M34 27EE!8EEE M34. 87EE!/E7EE M34 277E!2F7E M34. 87EE!82EE M34 /EEEE!/E/67 M34 /E667!/E7EE M34 /E57E!/E7EE M34 80EE!87EE M34

Usage The wide 27EE!/E7EE M34 band is used for a variety of military mobile radars, normally as part of larger weapons systems. A 7EE M34 sub!band from 8EEE!87EE M34 is shared with civil radars including local coverage at airfields and the ma"ority of maritime navigation radars. This sub! band is covered in greater detail below. Mo: also operates a wide band aeronautical data system in this band.

Share/ release

Other action

Action -hare=release and other action? There is insufficient evidence to "ustify the need for 6%34 of spectrum for the radiolocation use currently in this band. There should therefore be scope for either releasing part of this band or opening it up to additional sharers. Mo: indicates that they have potential future uses for this band such as wideband airborne radar and AABs.

The sub!bands at /E./67!/E.667 %34 and /E.517!/E.717 %34 have been allocated to civil >(A. These were auctioned but the licences have since been recovered. These sub!bands have been included in the -> ?'< for potential future award. There are video links operated by the emergency services in the sub!bands /E.67E!/E.61E %34 and /E.0FE!/E.5FE %34 and for <rogramme Making by the K>M% in /E.0E!/E.0F %34. These all respect geographical restrictions imposed by the Mo:.

;AT+ band C e)uirement 27EE!/E7EE M34 for land, airborne and naval radarsD 9 type 6 in selected sub!bands. .and (e$cluding 8EEE!87EE M34) under Mo: management.

Band and use @---#@$-- M&' 1A84O:AB43A04O: AE1O:AU045A2 1A84O:AB43A04O: MA1404ME 1A84O:AB43A04O: 1A84O2O5A04O: 1adiolocation 1adiolocation Mo8/8A9 jointl7 manage Aeronautical 1adionavigation service. Mo8 manages the 1adiolocation service. Ofcom manages the Maritime 1adionavigation serviceD and additionall7 authorises lo* po*er detection s7stems. :A0O )and =1e>uirement for landD air)orne and naval radars? H t7pe , in selected su)#)ands. 27EE!/E7EE M34

Usage The @!band radar band has three main uses? a) Aeronautical adionavigation 9 mainly surveillance of local movements around airfields, and ground!obstruction warning. +perating ranges are below 6E nautical miles, allowing good fre)uency re!use. b)Maritime radionavigation 9 primarily ship!borne, but also some land!based radars used for safety of maritime navigation 9 'M+ carriage re)uirement in the band 86EE!87EE M34. /EE thousand radars estimated to be operational on ships, with several thousand onshore stations worldwide. The 'M+ mandates that vessels larger than /EE kT must have at least one @!band radar. Maritime radars are usually magnetron!based (si4e and cost) and may operate anywhere within the 86EE!87EE M34 band, but a centre!fre)uency of 85/E M34 is typical. They normally use shorter pulses (hence larger bandwidth) and operate over shorter ranges than aeronautical radars, and are designed to operate close to and with interference from other, similar radars. Any change to reduce the operating band would have to be agreed internationally. acons (fi$ed navigation marker beacons) and -earch and escue Transponders (-A Ts) respond to radar signals in this band. c) Mobile military radars providing surveillance and=or weapons guidance, potentially using high radiated power and multiple operating modes. The shorter wavelength makes @!band radars suitable for use on aircraft and military vehicles. -ystems may operate across this band in association with wider radiolocation bands both above and below this band.

Share/ release

Other action

Action -hare=release and other action? There appears to be e$tensive and well established use of this band. 3owever, there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate that the total bandwidth is needed. -cope for releasing some of this band should therefore be e$plored. <ossibilities for sharing should also be e$amined.

80EE!87EE M34 8EEE!86EE M34 86EE!80EE M34 86EE!80EE M34 8EEE!86EE M34 80EE!87EE M34

Band and use

Usage There is military use for battlefield surveillance and precision airfield approach radars, in addition to naval use for missile tracking. <recision approach may be used on a permanent basis in association with AG military airfields, and many military aircraft use radars operating in parts of this band. +ther use should be associated with training and e$ercises.

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Action

!.,$# %.-- 3&'. A* +;AAT'CA, A:'+;AB'%AT'+; A:'+,+CAT'+; A:'+;AB'%AT'+; >'@*:!-AT*,,'T* (*arth to space). -<AC* *-*A C3 (active). -pace esearch -tandard >re)uency and Time -ignal 9 -atellite (*arth to space). ;AT+ harmonised band C*ssential re)uirement for land, airborne and naval radarsD.

/0.67!/0.5E %34 /0.5E!/5.EE %34 /0.5E!/0.17 %34 /0.17!/5.EE %34 /0.5E!/0.17 %34 /0.67!/0.5E %34 /0.17!/5.EE %34 /0.5E!/5.EE %34

-hare=release and other action? (idely used for airborne :oppler radars, and naval radars. Assignments have been made to Mo: establishments and ranges for the development and use of low!level air defence, surveillance and navigation radars. Arrangements are in hand to formalise band sharing between military radiolocation and civil >i$ed!-atellite services. Mo: e$pects to use this band for future wideband radionavigation systems.

/0.5 !/5.E %34

Band and use $.%# "." 3&' A* +;AAT'CA, A:'+;AB'%AT'+; *A T3 *@<,+ AT'+;! -AT*,,'T* >'@*:!-AT*,,'T* >'@*: M+.',* A:'+,+CAT'+; adiolocation -pace esearch Mo: manages /7.1!/1.0 %34 and radiolocation in /1.0!/1.1 %34. Mo:=:A< "ointly manage /7.5!/7.1 %34. +fcom manages /1.0!/1.1 %34, wireless systems in /1./!/1.0 %34 and /7.50!/7.F0 %34 for the >i$ed!-atellite service. ;AT+ harmonised band C*ssential re)uirement for land, airborne and naval radarsD. Type / band limits /7.1! /1.0 %34

Usage

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Other action

Action -hare=release and other action?

/7.5!/7.1 %34 /1.6E!/1.0E %34 /7.50!/7.F0 %34 /1.0E!/1.1E %34 /1.0E!/1.1E %34 /1.6E!/1.0E %34 /7.1E!/1.0E %34 /1.0E!/1.1E %34 /F.F!/1./E %34

This band is used for a variety of wide!band data, command links, radars (including wideband airborne), survey, distance measuring and civil airfield movement control radars. The band /7.1! /1./ %34 has been harmonised for military use in ;AT+.

There is insufficient evidence to "ustify the need for the whole of this band for the services operating within it. +pportunities for release=increased sharing should therefore be e$amined.

/7.1!/1./ %34

;AT+ harmonised band /1.0!/1.1 %34 C e)uirement for land, airborne and naval radarsD.