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Water molecules are small enough to pass throught the these bilayer membranes.
Sugar molecules are both polar and too large to easily pass through the membrane.
Mecanismos de transporte
Membranas
Difusión
Por gradiente
Moleculas
•Pequeñas
•neutrales
http://137.222.110.150/calnet/cellbio/page3.htm&h
Difusión facilitada ( transporte pasivo)
Gradiente electroquímico
http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc462/462a/NOTES/LIPIDS/transport.html
* aquaporins
www.sbc.su.se/~gvh/ teaching/SweLL/module1.html
http://faculty.uca.edu/~johnc/trans1440.htm
transporte activo
(mediante proteínas acarreadoras)
Contra gradiente electroquímico
Requiere energía –usualmente- ATP
Ej. Bomba Na/K
http://137.222.110.150/calnet/cellbio/page3.htm&h
Transporte activo
http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc462/462a/NOTES/LIPIDS/transport.html
Sistemas de transporte
http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc462/462a/NOTES/LIPIDS/transport.html
http://www.mfi.ku.dk/ppaulev/chapter1/images/n1-2.jpg
Carbohidratos relevantes en el hombre
Almidón
http://137.222.110.150/calnet/cellbio/page3.htm&h
family of glucose transporters in various tissues (GluT1, GluT2, etc.)
increase rate of glucose transport, but only facilitate its movement DOWN
its concentration gradient
Erythrocytes depend on constant supply of glucose from blood plasma,
where [Glc] = ~4.5-5 mM, to use as energy source (fuel) via glycolysis
GluT1 increases rate of glucose diffusion across membrane by factor of
about 50,000.
Fig. 12-25 (Nelson & Cox, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd ed.,
2000): Proposed structure of GluT1
http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc462/462a/NOTES/LIPIDS/transport.html
http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc462/462a/NOTES/LIPIDS/transport.html
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/memb/membranes.htm
transportadores
http://66.93.129.133/transporter/wb/index2.html
employees.csbsju.edu/.../ list_of_figures.htm
Digestión de proteínas
http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470
003790/animations/membrane_transport/membr
ane_transport.htm
At long last, we're ready to actually
absorb these monosaccharides. Glucose
and galactose are taken into the
enterocyte by cotransport with sodium
using the same transporter (secondary
active transport). Fructose enters the cell
from the intestinal lumen via facilitated
diffusion through another transporter.