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= (X
1
, X
2
, . . X
d
)
The best previous position of the i
th
particle is recorded and represented as
P
bcst
= (P
bcst1,
P
bcst2
, P
bcstd
)
The index of the best particle among the entire particle in the population is represented by the symbol g
bcst d
.
The rate of the position change (velocity) for the particle is represented as
I
= (I
1
, I
2
, I
d
)
After the search procedure for the P
best id
and g
best id
the modified velocity and position of each particle can be
calculated using the current velocity and the distance from P
bcstd
to g
bcstd
as shown in the following equation.
I
|d
(t +1) = w - I
d
(t) + C
1
- ronJ( ) - (P
bcst d
- X
d
(t)) + C
2
- ronJ( ) - (g
bcst d
- X
d
(t)) (3)
Where
i = 1, 2, 3n
d = 1, 2, 3.m
n: number of particles
m: solutions dimensions i.e., the number of control variables
I
d
(t): Current velocity of the i at iteration t
I
d
(t + 1): modified velocity of particle i
Rand: random number between 0 and 1
X
d
(t): Current position of particle i at iteration t
P
bcst d
: P
bcst
of particle i
g
bcst d
: g
bcst
of particle i
W: weight function for velocity of particle i
Reduce the Power System Losses by the Placement of TCSC Using Particle Swarm Optimization 19
C