MAPPING OF OCEAN ENERGY IN INDONESIA

Susilohadi
Marine Geological Institute/MGI (Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi Kelautan) Jalan Dr. Junjunan 236 BANDUNG 40174, INDONESIA Ph. +62 22 6032020, Fax. +62 22 6017887 E-mail: s.susilohadi@mgi.esdm.go.id Web Site: www.mgi.esdm.go.id Workshop: Jalan Kalijaga 101 Cirebon

I. Introduction II. Legal Status of Ocean Renewable Energy Mapping III. Highlight of some Ocean Current Mapping Results IV. Closing Remarks

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INTRODUCTION
Presidential Regulation no. 5/2006: NRE has to contribute 17% of national energy mix by 2025. NRE relies mostly on geothermal energy. The capacity of ocean energy to contribute the NRE energy mix has been recognized in the National Energy Law no. 30/2007. Ocean renewable energy is primarily based on waves, (tidal) currents and ocean thermal. Since then the national capacity to explore ocean energy and to develop the suitable technology have been enhanced significantly. Marine Geological Institute (MGI) has taken place in the mapping of national ocean energy, particularly ocean current. However, since by rule only MGI that doing routine exploration, mapping of ocean energy in the coming years will not be limited only on ocean current.
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Oil 20% Bio Fuels 5% Geothermal 5% Coal 2% Gas 30% Other 5% Hydro 2,61% Wind 0,0301% Fuel Cell 0,00% Biomass 0,7417% Coal 33% Nuclear 1,4032%

CURRENT STATUS OF OCEAN WAVE ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA

Field ocean wave mapping has not been in an attention Mapping of area where ocean wave is significant has been based on modeling of gridded binary satellite data Modeling softwares: Windwaves 05 (BMKG/ITS); Numerical model resulting Hs and Tp (ITB)

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WAVE HEIGHT MODELING

Significant wave (wind driven) based on gridded binary satellite data Modelling software: Windwaves 05 (Eko Prasetyo, 2011)

WAVE HEIGHT MODELING

(Eko Prasetyo, 2011)

Potential Area of Wave Energy

Area of Hs >2 & Tp = 9.5 sec. in Indonesian waters (Firdaus et al., 2011)

CURRENT STATUS OF OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA

CTD measurements mostly carried out by scientific institutes in relation to the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and Climatic studies, such as: Arlindo-Mixing Cruise (1993-1994) INSTANT Program-Indomix Cruise (2006 & 2010) INDEX/SATAL 2010 Sonne Cruise SO-217 (2011).

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CURRENT STATUS OF OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA

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Sonne Cruise SO-217 tracklines, stations and CTD results (Kuhnt, et al., 2011)

CURRENT STATUS OF OCEAN CURRENT ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA

Ocean Current Energy Mapping has been conducted by MGI since 2006. Field measurements are mostly of short period (15 days) and concentrated in the narrow strait between Lesser Sunda islands, Raja Ampat, and Sunda Strait. The measurements result in the characterization of the currents, such as: three dimensional variation of speed & direction, duration and its relationship to local tides. Modeling on those data is now in progress in order to calculate power density flux.
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Indonesian Through Flow (ITF)

Indonesian throughflow pathways and estimates of total volume transport (in Sv = 106 m3/sec). ITF is an ocean current with importance for global climate since it provides a lowlatitude pathway for warm, fresh water to move from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean through the western route of the Makassar Strait to either directly exit through the Lombok Strait or flow eastward into the Banda Sea (Gordon, 2005).

Indonesian Through Flow (ITF)

Trajectories of satellite-track drift buoys from the Global Drifter Program (8/1988-6/2007). The trajectories show that a current intrudes into the South China Sea through the Luzon Strait and forms a throughflow branch toward the Karimata Strait. The total number of drifters through the Karimata Strait is higher than those that pass through the main ITF path of Makassar Strait. (Drifter Data Assembly Center at NOAA/AOML; Susanto, et al., 2010)

MGI OCEAN CURRENT MAPPING 2006 - 2013

SELAT SUNDA (2012)

RAJA AMPAT (2013)

SELAT BOLENG (2012)

Strait water depth : - Within strait < 90 m - South of strait > 90 m Strait width : - Northern 650 750 m - Middle 1250 1300 m - Southern 2400 2500 m

428.25 m

SE NW Vertical profile

Larantuka Strait

Simulated flux density during spring-flood tide at depth of 10 m (Juventus in Yuningsih, et al., 2009)

Simulated flux density during spring-ebb tide at depth of 10 m (Juventus in Yuningsih, et al., 2009)

Lombok Strait

Simulated flux density during spring-flood tide at depth of 10 m (Hadi, 2006)

Simulated flux density during spring-ebb tide at depth of 10 m (Hadi, 2006)

Alas Strait

Simulated flux density during spring-flood tide at depth of 10 m (Huda, 2006)

Simulated flux density during spring-ebb tide at depth of 10 m (Huda, 2006)

Ocean Current in Sunda Strait

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Ocean Current in Sunda Strait

04:00

DURING NEAP TIDE

Current velocity: - average = 0.94 m/sec. - maximum = 2.52 m/sec (occurs 9 hrs prior to flood).

DURING NEAP TIDE

Current velocity: - average = 1.38 m/sec. - maximum = 1.99 m/sec (occurs 2 hrs after lowest ebb).

DURING SPRING TIDE

Current velocity: - average = 1.38 m/sec. - maximum = 3.97 m/sec (occurs 6 hrs after highest flood).

DURING SPRING TIDE

Current velocity: - average = 1.36 m/sec. - maximum = 4.59 m/sec (occurs 3 hrs prior to lowest ebb).

Ocean Current in Raja Ampat Islands

130 30' 4" 130 41' 19.19

-0 30' 24"

-0 30' 24"

30 30 30 30

3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 0

30 30 30 30 30 30

20 20 20 20 20

0 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3
20 20 20 20 20 20
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50

0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 0 0 4 4 0 0 0

5 5 5 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0

40 40 40 40 40 40

0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 8 8 8 8

0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 0 0 0 6 6 6 0 0 0

30 30 30 30 30 30

6 6 6 6 6 0 0 0 0 0

3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 0

2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0
0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 2 2

3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 3 0 3 3 3

30 30 30 30 30 30

0 0 0 4 4 0 0 4 4 4
30 30 30 30 30 30

4 4 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2

40 40 40 40

3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 0

90 90 90 90

7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 8 8 8 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3
20 20 20 20 20 20
60 60 60 60 60

Bathymetric Map of Mansuar Strait, Raja Ampat

0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2

0 0 0 6 6 6 0 0 0

50 50 50 50 50 50

80 80 80 80 80
0 0 0 0 8 8 8 8

0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5

0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2

30 30 30 30 30 30

30 30 30 30 30

0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2

4 4 4 0 0 4 4 0 0 0

50 50 50 50 50 50

80 80 80 80 80 80

40 40 40 40 40 40

0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3

4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4 0 0 0

20 20 20 20 20

40 40 40 40 40 40

0 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 3 3

20 20 20

2 2 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 0
40 40 40 40 40 40

3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 20 20 20 20 20

0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1

80 80 80 80 80 80

20 20 20 20 20
20 20 20 20 20 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 0

2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0

7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 10 10 10 10 10

3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0

3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0

2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0

0 0 0 8 8 8 0 0 0 8 8 8
20 20 20 20 20 20

70 70 70 70 70

80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80

8 8 8 8 8 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3
30 30 30 30 30

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
6 6 6 0 0 6 6 6 0 0 0
70 70 70 70 70

30 30 30 30 30

20 20 20 20 20 20

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2

2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0

50 50 50 50 50

40 40 40 40 40

P. MANSUAR
30 30 30 30 30

10 10 10 10 10

10 10 10 10 10 10

10 10 10 10 10 10

50 50 50 50 50 50

5 5 5 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
4 4 4 0 0 4 4 4 0 0 0

6 6 6 0 0 0 6 6 6 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

40 40 40 40

-0 36' 45"

10 10 10

130 30' 4"

130 41' 19.19"

PETA INDEKS
130 0' 28" 131 20' 53"

0 5' 4"

0 5' 4"

KEMENTERIAN ENERGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERAL PUSAT PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN GEOLOGI KELAUTAN

Weigeo

KETERANGAN : : Kontur batimetri interval 5 meter

PETA BATIMETRI DI PERAIRAN

4 KM
Penyusun Pengamat Navigator Digambar oleh Diperiksa oleh Disyahkan oleh Mira Yosi, M. Si

-0 52' 55"

-0 52' 55"

: Ibukota Kabupaten/Kecamatan : Jalan : Sungai

130 0' 28" Lokasi penelitian

131 20' 53"

-0 36' 45"

0 0 0 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4

60 60 60

80 80 80 80 80 80

8 8 8 0 0 8 8 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5
20 20 20 20 20 20

10 10 10 10 10 10

1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1

10 10 10 10 10 10

30 30 30 30 30 30

SELAT DAMPIER

Reference cm/sec Velocity cm/sec

Ocean current vectors at water depth of 1 24 m from Sawinggrai Village

2014-2019 MGI MAPPING PROGRAMS

Ocean Thermal Mapping: Collecting CTD data of previous expedition into a single data base Setting up CTD measurements as a routine task within systematic marine geological and geophysical mapping programs Begin applying of seismic oceanography methodology on already acquired multichannel seismic data Setting up paleoclimatic/oceanographic research collaborations with Indonesian Agency for Marine & Fisheries and FIO (China), French-Legos Ocean Current Mapping: Field mapping focuses Natuna islands and northern Sulawesi. To issue the first edition of Ocean Current Energy Map (December 2013).

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2014-2019 MGI MAPPING PROGRAMS

SEISMIC OCEANOGRAPHY: A new cross discipline between oceanography and seismology Application of multichannel seismic reflection method to the investigation of thermohaline fine structures of the ocean. Since 2010 MGI has acquired significant amounts of multichannel seismic reflection data, particularly in eastern Indonesia. It is expected that new methodology applied to those seismic data will result in comprehensive understanding of thermohaline structure of Indonesian waters (in addition to the field measurements of CTD).
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2014-2019 MGI MAPPING PROGRAMS

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9/23/2013