STATIGALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES HARDY CROSS N. D. MORGAN 1926 THE COLLEGE PUBLISHING COMPANY CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS REPRINT 1950 D-J MULTI-PRINT CO. URBANA, ILLINOISFOREWORD 10 REISSUE These notes were prepared and used by Hardy Cross during the period of his service as Professor of Structural Engineering at the University of Illinois, 1921-1937. Since 1937 Professor Cross has been Chairman of the Department of Civil Engineering at Yale University. Although the original supply of these notes was exhausted many years ago, the writer has continued to refer the students in his classes to the library copies. This has resulted in an increasing number of inquiries about the possibility of securing personal copies. students quickly dis- cover that the viewpoints expressed in the notes are more suggestive and the methods of presentation clearer than in more generally available material. As a result of pressure that could not be resisted or diverted the writer requested from Professor Cross permission for reproduction of the notes as originally presented. That permission has been granted although in his letter of authority to do so Professor Cross said: "You of course realize that the book is not exactly as I should like to see it. Some parts I certainly would now state very differently." The writer and his students sincerely hope that Professor Cross will find the time to issue the book with all parts stated as he would state them now and exactly in the form he would "like to see it.” In the mean- time they wish to take this opportunity to express their gratitude for the permission for this reissue of the notes in their original text. ‘Thomas C. Shedd Professor of Structural Engineering University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois August 30, 1950TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION What is an Indeterminate Structure? .... 2... What Principles are Fundamental in its Analysis?. What is Theory? .... . 5 olold clue lols Practical Application of the Theory) 11... Geometrical Relations . . . bog00nod Limitations - Physical and Mathematical | || |! General Method of Analysis. ...........- Three Important Principles. ........-+-. CHAPTER I THE COLUMN ANALOGY General Theory. . . o00090000Ga Relations of the Angle Changes. |.) ss... Signs and Other Relations ...........- Fixed Beam - Any Type of Loading... ...... Fixed Beam - Unit Rotation at One End... . . . Application to Numerical Examples... .... Problem - Rectangular Bent... ........- Application to Trusses... 1... ee ee Useful Geometrical Relations. The Kern a Graphical Construction - Eccentric Bending | | The Circle of Inertia... .....-.... Product of Inertia... 1.2... ee eee Product of Inertia in Deflection Computations. Theory of Conjugate Axes... 2... eee CHAPTER II DISTRIBUTION OF MOMENTS A. PRISMATIC SECTIONS General Method... 1. eee ee ee eee Continuous Prismatic Beams... ......... Illustrative Exemple............00. Problem - Four Spans. Cantilever End... .. Estimating End Moments... 2... 0... 0 Examples - Using the Factor ie bee eee Three Symmetrical Spans... ......... Five Symmetrical Spans... .... Girder Frames and Viaducts Held Against Longitudinal sway Simple Frames, Symmetrical or Braced Transversely . . . . Y & EHUD DHE PeeePeE FUER E S00 ean 17 18 20 23 23 23 23 B. VARIABLE MOMENT OF INERTIA Girders of Varying Section... - 22... 2 ee eee Table of Properties - Moment Distribution. .......