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Mumps
Mumpsisaviralillnessthatcausesfeverandswollensalivaryglands.Seriousandpotentiallylethal complicationsincludeinflammationofthebrain(encephalitis)orheartmuscle(myocarditis).The diseaseisspreadfromperson-to-personandisaboutascontagiousastheflu. MumpsisuncommonindevelopedcountriesincludingAustraliabecauseofthewidespreaduseof themumpsvaccine.However,outbreaksstilloccursoitisimportanttocontinuevaccinating children. Symptoms Signsandsymptomsofmumpsmayinclude: Fever Headache Fatigue Weightloss Swollenparotidgland(thesalivaryglandlocatedjustinfrontoftheear)ononeorboth sidesoftheface Painfulchewing Painfulswallowing.
Complications Theinflammationmayspreadtootherareasofthebody.Someofthecomplicationsofmumpscan include: Mastitisbreastinflammation Orchitistesticleinflammation Oophoritisovaryinflammation Meningitisinflammationofthemembranescalledmeningessurroundingthebrainand spinalcord Encephalitisbraininflammation Myocarditisheartmuscleinflammation Pancreatitispancreasinflammation Hepatitisliverinflammation Thyroiditisthyroidinflammation Miscarriageinthefirsttrimesterofpregnancy Nervedeafness,usuallyinbothears.
How it is spread Mumpsisaboutascontagiousastheflu.Mumpsismostcommonlyspreadwhensomeoneingests (swallows)orinhalesthecoughorsneezedropletsfromaninfectedperson.Thevirusisalso carriedinurine.Symptomsoccurbetween14and25daysfollowinginfection. Onepersoninthreewhocontractsmumpsdoesnothaveanysymptomsanddoesntrealisethey aresick;however,theyarestillcontagiousandmayinfectalotofotherpeople.Anapparently healthypersonwhospreadsaninfectiousdiseaseiscalledacarrier. High-risk groups MumpsisuncommoninAustraliathankstovaccination,butcasesstilloccur.Athighriskisanyone whohasntbeenvaccinated,particularlyiftheytraveltodevelopingnationswherevaccination programsarentwidespread. Diagnosis Testsusedtodiagnosemumpsmayinclude:
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Prevention Immunisationisthebestwaytopreventmumps.Peoplewhoarecaringforsomeonewithmumps shouldpracticestricthygiene.Forexample,youshouldwashyourhandsfrequently,particularly beforehandling,preparingoreatingfoodandaftervisitingthetoiletorchanginganappy.Dont sharefoodordrinkutensils.Encouragethesickpersontocoughorsneezeintoatissue. Vaccination is available ThemumpsvaccineinAustraliaiscombinedwithmeaslesandrubella(Germanmeasles)vaccines. Afreevaccinethatoffersprotectionagainstmumpsisavailableto: Young childrenat12monthsofage Childrenatfouryearsofage School-age childrenasacatch-upimmunisation,iftheyhavenotbeenfully vaccinated.
Immunisationisalsorecommendedforadultsbornduringorsince1966unlessyouhave evidenceofhavingreceivedtwodosesofMMR.Ifyouhavenotreceivedthevaccine,speaktoyour doctoraboutcatch-updoses. Vaccination is not suitable for everyone Noteveryoneshouldhavethemumpsvaccination.Apersonwithanimpairedimmunesystem shouldnotbevaccinated.Someofthepossiblecausesofimpairedimmunitymayinclude: Takingcertainmedicationssuchascorticosteroids Receivingimmunosuppressivetreatment HavingsometypesofcancersuchasHodgkinsdiseaseorleukaemia Hypogammaglobulinaemia,acongenitaloracquiredconditioncharacterisedbyextremely lowlevelsofantibodies.
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Possible side effects of the vaccine Thevaccineiseffectiveandsafe.However,allmedicinescanhaveunwantedsideeffects.Side effectsfromthemumpsvaccineareuncommonandusuallymildbutmayinclude: Highfever(over39C) Faintredrash(notinfectious) Drowsinessortiredness Headcoldorrunnynose Cough Puffyeyes Swollensalivaryglands Sorenessandrednessattheinjectionsite.
Treating mild side effects Somesideeffectsmayoccurupto10daysafterimmunisationbutusuallyresolvequickly.There areanumberoftreatmentoptionstoreducethesideeffectsofthevaccination: Paracetamoltoreduceanyfevercheckthelabelforthecorrectdose(especiallyfor children) Acold,wetclothheldagainsttheinjectionsite Extradrinks Appropriateclothingdonotoverdress.
Anaphylaxis is an extremely rare side effect Thereisaverysmallriskofaseriousallergicreactiontoanyvaccine.Thisiswhyyouareadvised tostayattheclinicormedicalsurgeryforatleast15minutesfollowingvaccinationincasefurther treatmentisrequired.Apartfromanaphylaxis,otherextremelyraresideeffectsinclude encephalitisandthrombocytopenia(abnormalbleedingcausedbyinsufficientbloodplatelets). Ifreactionsaresevereandpersistent,orifyouareworried,contactyourdoctorforfurther information. Where to get help Yourdoctor AlwayscallanambulanceinanemergencyTel.000 Emergencydepartmentofyournearesthospital Yourlocalcouncilimmunisationservice DepartmentofHumanServicesImmunisationProgramTel.1300882008 NurseonCallTel.1300606024forexperthealthinformationandadvice(24hours,7 days) TheMaternalandChildHealthLineisavailable24hoursadayTel.132229. NationalImmunisationInfolineTel.1800671811
This page has been produced in consultation with, and approved by:
DHS-CommunicableDiseaseControl
Mumps
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Mumps
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