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Smart Grids and The New Age of Energy Get

Posted A PR 24 20 1 3 b y EMMAN OU IL A N G E L A D A S in E N E R G Y A N D P OW E R , S MA R T G R I D w it h 4 C OMME N T S
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Latest Technical Articles

Smart Grids and The New Age of Energy
Heat as one of the most common cause of motor failure

N OV E MB E R 2 2 , 2 0 1 3
Smart grid requirements:
Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 5)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Network planning Power electronics (HVDC/FACTS) Bulk renewable integration Energy Management System (EMS) Smart substation automation and protection Integrated Substation Condition Monitoring (ISCM) Communication Solutions Distribution Management System (DMS) Distribution automation and protection Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Decentralized Energy Management System (DEMS) Smart metering solutions Conclusion
N OV E MB E R 2 0 , 2 0 1 3
Identity Card of Every Asynchronous Motor

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http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/smart-grids-and-the-new-age-of-energy[22/11/2013 2:11:33 PM]
1. Network planning
Smart grid - A vision for the future, a network of integrated microgrids that can monitor and heal itself
Building Smart Grids is a highly complex task that begins with a detailed quantitative assessment of the system requirements, definition of actual targets and their required performance levels, and specification of system concepts and equipment. As a result, a comprehensive strategy for building Smart Grids is necessary including the part of the network that addresses power supply systems.
The foundation for designing an efficient Smart Grid is a detailed analysis of the systems required performance. This is the key task for strategic network planning.
Keeping a rigorous focus on the system as a whole ensures that the architecture and configuration deliver the necessary performance levels, and meet other requirements as well. The solution will integrate the most innovative technologies for power generation , transmission , distribution and consumption, while taking into account each systems individual history and current condition. In most cases, the transition from todays power supply system to the future Smart Grid cannot be made in one step; instead it requires stepbystep modification plans. Go back to Content
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2. Power electronics (HVDC/FACTS)
Reinhausen solutions for optimized High-voltage Direct Current Transmission (HVDC)
Power electronic solutions for High Voltage Direct Current transmission (HVDC) and Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) address the greatestchallenges in power transmission. FACTS devices can significantly increase the power transmission capacity of existingalternating current (AC) systems and extend maximum AC transmission distances bybalancing the variable reactive power demand of the system. Reactive power compensationis used to control AC voltage, increase system stability, and reduce power transmissionlosses. State-of-the-art FACTS devices include Fixed Series Compensators (FSC) andThyristor Controlled Series Compensators (TCSC), orStatic VAR Compensators (SVC) fordynamic shunt compensation.
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The latest generation of Siemens SVC devices is called SVCPLUS. These are highly standardized compact devicesthat can easily be implemented indemanding network environments; for example, to allow connection of large offshore windfarms.
AC technology has proven very effective in thegeneration, transmission and distributionof electrical power. Nevertheless, there are tasks that cannot be performed economically orwith technical precision using AC. These include power transmission over very longdistances, as well as between networks operating asynchronously or at differentfrequencies. In contrast, a unique feature of HVDC systems is their ability to feed powerinto grids that cannot tolerate additional increases in short circuit currents. The transmission capacity of a single HVDC transmission system has recently beenextended by Siemens Ultra High Voltage Direct Current transmission system (UHVDC) . With a capacity of more than seven gigawatts and low rate of loss, UHVDC transmission isthe best way to ensure highly efficient power transmission of 2,000 kilometers or more.Electrical Super Grids based on UHVDC transmission can interconnect regions acrossclimate and time zones, allowing seasonal changes, time of day and geographical features tobe used to maximum advantage. Go back to Content
3. Bulk renewable integration
Solutions for Renewable Energy Integration (S&C)
In order to begin fulfilling the climate protection requirements of 2020 , we need to useenergy efficiently and reduce CO2 emissions . Power generation needs to changeaccordingly. Large power plants will continue to ensure basic supplies, but there will alsobe renewable energy sources that fluctuate locally depending on weather and otherconditions. Go back to Content
4. Energy Management System (EMS)
Smart Grid Distribution Network - Energy Management System (EMS)
At power plants, the focus is on ensuring reliable supply, using generation resourcesefficiently, and reducing transmission losses. As Energy Management System (EMS)handles these by balancing the demands of the transmission system, generating units, andconsumption. Intelligent Alarm Processors (IAPs) reduce the critical time needed to analyze faults in the grid and take corrective action, as well as the risk of incorrect analysis. Innovative Voltage Stability Analysis (VSA) applications running automatically andindependently alert the operator before critical situations that jeopardize static systemvoltage stability occur, giving the operator time to take preventive action rather thanhaving to react under stress. Increased grid reliability is provided by Optimal Power Flow(OPF) applications that continuously work to keep the systems voltage level high andeliminate invalid voltage conditions. Any control measures that must be taken can beautomatically executed in a closed-loop-control
procedure. Go back to Content
5. Smart substation automation and protection

The automation and protection of substations must be enhanced to securely meet the extended requirements of future Smart Grids. The substation is in the process of becoming a node on the utility IT network for all information from the distribution substation to the customer. For example, data from the feeder automation units, power quality, meters, decentralized energy resources and home automation systems will be collected and analyzed to improve the system.
Besides the new Smart Grid challenges, the usual task of protection , control and automation have to remain as reliable and efficient as ever.
The objectives for substations are beginning to cross departmental boundaries, encompassing operations, maintenance and security requirements. Smart substation solutions and their individual components should be designed with this overarching vision and framework in mind. Smart Substation Automation Systems support the following goals: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Secure and reliable power supply Guaranteed high levels of protection for facilitiesand people Reduction of manual interactions to enhance rapid self-healing operations Implementation of intelligent remote error monitoring, detection, reporting Enabling condition-based predictive maintenance Support for engineering and testing through plug-and-play functionality Proactively distributing substation information to all relevant stakeholders Reduced costs for installation and maintenance.
6. Integrated Substation Condition Monitoring (ISCM)

Integrated Substation Condition Monitoring (ISCM) is a modular system for monitoringall relevant substation components, from the transformer and switchgear to the overheadline and cable.
Based on known, proven telecontrol units and substation automationdevices, ISCM provides a comprehensive solution perfectly suited to substationenvironments.
It integrates seamlessly into the existing communication infrastructure sothat monitoring information from the station and the control center is displayed.
7. Communication Solutions
The new Age of Electricity is characterized by a mix of both central and decentralizedpower generation, which requires bidirectional energy flows including power from smartbuildings and residential areas where consumers are becoming prosumers . A keyprerequisite for this paradigm shift is a homogeneous, end-to-end communicationnetwork that provides sufficient bandwidth between all grid elements. Telecommunication systems for power grid transmission have a long history in theutility industry. In todays transmission grids, almost all substations are integrated into acommunication network that allows online monitoring and controlling by an EnergyManagement System
(EMS).
In a distribution grid, the situation is quite different. Whereas high voltage substationsare often equipped with digital communication , the communication infrastructure at lower distribution levels is weak .
In most countries, fewer than ten percent (10%) of transformersubstations and ring main units (RMUs) are monitored and controlled remotely.Communication technologies have continued to develop rapidly over the past few years,and the Ethernet has become the established standard in the power supply sector. International communication standards like IEC 61850 will further simplify the exchangeof data between different communication partners. Serial interfaces will, however,continue to play a role in the future for small systems. An important element in creating and operating Smart Grid is comprehensive, consistentcommunication using sufficient bandwidth and devices with IP/Ethernet capability. Networks of this kind must eventually extend all the way to individual consumers, who willbe integrated into them using smart metering. Consistent end-to-end communication helps meet the requirement for online monitoring ofall grid components and, among otherthings, creates opportunities to develop new business models for smart metering andintegrating distributed power generation . Go back to Content
8. Distribution Management System (DMS)
Distribution Management System (DMS)
Todays distribution grid operation is primarily characterized by manual proceduresthat rely on the expertise of an aging workforce. Using Spectrum Power DistributionManagement System (DMS) will create a smart, selfhealing grid by providing thefollowing enhancements: 1. Reduction of the occurrence and duration of outagesthrough the application of advanced fault location and network reconfiguration algorithms. 2. Minimization of losses through improved monitoring. 3. Optimized utilization of assets through management of demand and distributed generation. 4. Reduction of maintenance costs through online condition monitoring. The smart management of power distribution grids is one of the key success factors forachieving ambitious Smart Grid goals . Go back to Content
9. Distribution automation and protection

The prerequisite for comprehensive automation and protection design is determiningthe
required levels of automation and functionality for distribution substations and RMUs. This could differ among the RMUs in one distribution grid or in the same feeder because ofdifferent primary equipment or communication availability . However, with or withoutlimited communication access, a certain level of automation and Smart Grid functionalitycan still be realized, as can a mix of functions inone feeder automation system. Thefollowing levels of distribution automation can serve as a roadmap for grid upgradesmoving toward the implementation of a Smart Grid: Local Automation (without communication) Sectionalizer (automated fault restoration by usingswitching sequences) Voltage regulator (automated voltage regulation for long feeders) Recloser controller (auto-reclose circuit breaker for overhead lines) Monitoring only (one-way communication to distribution substation or control center) Messaging box (for example, short-circuit indicators with one-way communication to distribution substation to control center for fast fault location ) Control, monitoring, and automation (two-way communication to distribution substation orcontrol center) Distribution Automation RTU (DA RTU) with powerful communication and automation features applicable to Smart Grid functions, for instance: Automated self-healing routines Node station for power quality applications Data concentrator for smart metering systems Node station for decentralized power generation Node station for demand response applications Protection, control, monitoring, and automation (two-way communication to distributionsubstation or control center) Recloser controller for overhead lines, plus auto reclose breaker with enhanced protection functionality and advanced communication and automation features. Go back to Content
10. Distributed Energy Resources (DER)
Different configurations for managing DER
The integration of distributed energy resources (DER) calls for a completely newconcept: the virtual power plant. A virtual power plant connects many small plants thatparticipate in the energy market in a completely new way. It makes it possible to use saleschannels that otherwise would not be available to the operators of individual plants.
Linked together in the network, the power plants can be operated even more efficiently andtherefore more economically than before, benefiting the operators of decentralizedgenerating facilities .
In the virtual power plant, decentralized energy management and communication withthe generating facilities play a special role, and thanks to the Siemens productsDecentralized Energy Management System (DEMS) and DER Controller, are optimallysupported. The centerpiece is DEMS, which enables the intelligent, economical andenvironmentally friendly linkage of decentralized energy sources. The DER Controllerfacilitates communications, and is specifically tailored to the requirements of decentralizedenergy sources. Go back to Content
11. Decentralized Energy Management System (DEMS)

DEMS, the core of the virtual power plant , is equally appropriate for utilities, industrialoperations, operators of functional buildings, energy self-sufficient communities, regionsand energy service providers.
Decentralized Energy Management System (DEMS) - Scheme
DEMS uses three tools to optimize power: 1. Predictions, 2. Operational planningand 3. Real-time optimization. The prediction tool anticipates electricaland heat loads; for example, as a function of the weather and the time of day. Predictinggeneration from renewable energy sources is also important, and is based on weatherforecasts and the unique characteristics of the plants. Short-term planning to optimizeoperating costs of all installed equipment must comply with technical and contractuallyspecified background conditions every 15 minutes for a maximum of one week in advance. The calculated plan minimizes the costs of generation and operation, while DEMS alsomanages cost efficiency and environmental considerations.
Go back to Content
12. Smart metering solutions
A B.C. Hydro smart meter, which uses short bursts of radio waves to communicate with the electricity grid.
The Automated Metering and Information System (AMIS) records the powerconsumption of each individual consumer over time, and in turn, consumers are givendetailed information about their power consumption. Experts estimate that the use ofsmart meters can save up to ten terawatt-hours of electricity, or almost two percent oftotal energy consumption.
Conclusion
There is no doubt that the future belongs to the Smart Grid, and that power generationwill change significantly by the time it becomes a reality.
Large power plants will continueto ensure the basic supply, but there will also be renewable energy sources, causingfluctuations in the grid. In the not too distant future, flexible intermediate storage oftemporary excess power in the grid will be possibleusing electric vehicles and stationarystorage units. Sensors and smart meters will switchthese units on or off, ensuring efficientload management. Go back to Content
References: SIEMENS Power Engineering Guide
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TAGS
automation, decentralized energy management, distribution, distribution substation, energy management system, power plant, power transmission, smart grids, transmission
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Energy and Power Smart Grid
Emmanouil Angeladas - Bachelor in Electrical Engineering from Technological Educational Institute of Piraeus, Hellas. Electrical engineer working at Center of Renewable Energy Sources. I work in the field of maintenance, functional test and installation of measuring systems, including wind potential measurements in areas where wind turbines will be installed. I'm highly interested in HVDC systems, Fuel Cells technology and Microgrids.
Become EEP's Contributor and introduce yourself to 70k+ of our readers all across the web.
4 Comments
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Davron
SEP 02, 2013
Thank you to the contributors! Furthermore thank you ever so much especially for caring to include the references to the authors and books , since it enables the readers to explore, research and investigate the problems with the proper approach and depth! Keep on keeping on! Actually you all present rather obscure and complex subjects in much more attractive fashion!
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tanke you very much

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Nnavidd
MAY 10, 2013
Very good and very detailed write-up Emmanouil, thank you very much.
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Edvard
APR 24, 2013
Thank you very much Edvard.

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Emmanouil Angeladas
APR 25, 2013
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Your lucky EE words...

Recommended to read - Assemblies of switchgear and control panels (part 3)

Share this article: Facebook | Twitter

Hom e / T e ch nic a l Ar ti c les / S m a r t G r id s a n d Th e N e w A g e o f E n e r g y

Smart Grids and The New Age of Energy Get

Latest Technical Articles

Heat as one of the most common cause of motor failure

Smart grid requirements:

Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 5)

Identity Card of Every Asynchronous Motor

http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/smart-grids-and-the-new-age-of-energy[22/11/2013 2:11:33 PM]