QUESTION BANK

STRENGTH OF
MATERIAL- 2
(ME-202)

CHAPTER: 1 STRAIN ENERGY

Two marks questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Define Modulus of elasticity.

What is modulus of resilience?
Define resilience.
Write the formula for Shear Strain energy per unit volume.
Write the formula for modulus of resilience under simple tension and simple shear.
Find an expression for the strain energy stored in a body when the load is applied with an
impact.
7. Define Proof resilience.
8. What is impact loading?
9. Find an expression for the strain energy stored in a body when the load is applied suddenly.
10. What is strain energy?
11. Define springs?
12. Find an expression for the strain energy stored in a body when the load is applied gradually.
13. Define the term toughness and hardness.
14. Name the theories of failures sutiable for ductile materials.

Five marks questions

1. Derive the Castiglianos theorm.

2. Prove that the maximum strain energy stored in a body is given by,

U=
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.

2
Volume
2E

Where = stress at the elastic limit.

Derive reciprocal Maxwells theorem.
Derive an expression for the stress induced in a body due to suddenly applie load and
hence find the value of extension produced in the body.
Prove that the maximum stress induced in a body due to suddenly applied load is twice the
stress induced when the same load is applied gradually.
A member formed by connecting a steel bar to an aluminium bar. Assuming that bars are
prevented form buckling side-wise, calculate the magnitude of the force P that will cause the
total length of the member to decrease 0.25 mm. the valve of elastic modulus for steel and
aluminum are 210 Gpa and 70 Gpa respectively. What is the total work done by the force P?
Prove that the strain energy stored in a body due to shear stress is given by,

U=

2
V
2C

Where = shear stress,

C = Modulus of rigidity, and
V = Volume of the body.
8. A steel rod, 5 cm in diameter and 3 m long when unloaded, is suspended from on e end and
has a weight of 5 KN threaded on to it. The weight is allowed to fall freely form a height of 3
cm on to head formed o the lower end of the rod. Find the maximum stress produced in the
rod. Also find the height through which the weight should be allowed to fall freely so that the
maximum stress may be 80 Mpa. E for the material for the rod is 210 GPa.

9. A crane chain whose sectional area is 6cm 2 carries a load of 10kN, which is being lowered
at a uniform rate of 30 m/min. When the length of the chain unwound is 10m, the chain
suddenly nams on the pulley. Estimate the stress induced in the chain and the
instantaneous elongation (neglecting the weight of the chain) due to the sudden stoppage. E
=210 Gpa, g=9.81 m/s2
10. A static concentrated load of 5 kN applied at the midspan of a simply supported beam
produces a maximum deflection of 0.25 cm and a maximum bending stress of 15 MPa.
Calculate the instantaneous stress produced in the beam when a load of 5 kN is allowed to
fall through a height of 1.5 cm at the midspan of the beam.

Ten marks Questions

1. A circular steel shaft with flywheel at one end rotates at 60 r.p.m. It is suddenly stopped at
the other end. Calculate the maximum, stress in the shaft during impact if the length of the
shaft is 2m and diameter 4 cm. Assume that the weight of the flywheel is 500 N and its
radius of gyration 20 cm. Assume G=100 GPa.
2. A tensile load of 5 kN is gradually applied to a circular bar of 5 cm diameter and 4 m long. It
the value of E = 2.0 x 10 5 N/mm2. Determine : (i) Stretch in the rod, (ii) stress in the rod, and
(iii) strain energy absorbed by the rod.
3. A uniform metal bar has a cross-sectional area of 6 cm2 and a length of 1.4 m. If the stress
at the elastic limit is 1.5 tonne/cm2, find the proof resilience of the bar. Determine also the
maximum value of an applied load, which may be suddenly applied without exceeding the
elastic limit. Calculate the value of the gradually applied load which will produced the same
extension as that reduced by the suddenly applied load above. Take E = 2000 tonnes/cm2.
4. A bar 1.5 cm diameter gets stretched by 2.5 mm under a steady load of 100 kgf. What
stress would be produced in the same bar by a weight of 120 kgf, which falls vertically
through a distance 5 cm on to a rigid collar attached at its end? The bar is initially
unstressed. Take E = 2.0 x 10 6 kgf/cm2.
5. A vertical compound tie member fixed rigidly at its upper end, consists of a steel rod 3 m
long and 20 mm diameter, placed within an equally long brass tube 20 mm internal diameter
and 20 mm external diameter. The rod and the tube are fixed together at the ends. The
compound member is then suddenly loaded in tension by a weight of 1200 kgf falling
through a height of 5 mm on to a flange fixed to its lower end. Calculate the maximum
stresses in steel and brass. Assume E s = 2 x 10 6 kfg/cm2 and E b = 1.0 x 10 6 kgf/cm2.

CHAPTER: 2 THEORY OF FAILURE

Two marks questions

1. What do you under by the term Theories of failure?

2. Name the important theories of failure?
3. Define and explain Maximum principal stress theory.
4. State distortion energy theory for failure.
5. Define and explain the Maximum principal strain theory.
6. Define and explain the Maximum shear stress theory.
7. Define and explain the Maximum strain energy theory.
8. Define and explain the Maximum shear strain energy theory.
9. Name the theories of failures sutiable for ductile materials.
10. What is the necessity of theory of failure.

Five marks questions

1. Derive an expression for the distortion energy per unit volume when a body is subjected to
rinciap stresses 1, 2 and 3.
2. Determine the diameter of a bolt which is subjected to an axial pull of 12 kN together with a
transverse shear force of 6 kN, when the elastic limit in tension is 300 N/mm2, factor of
safety =3 and Poissons ratio = 0.3 using :
a. Maximum principal stress theory.
b. Maximum principal strain theory.
c. Maximum shear stress theory.
d. Maximum strain energy theory
e. Maximum shear strain energy theory
3. A steel shaft is subjected to an end thrust producing a stress of 90 MPa and the maximum
shearing stress on the surface arising from torsion is 60 MPa. The yield point of the material
in simple tension was found to be 300 MPa. Calculate the factor of safety of the shaft
according to the following theories:
a. Maximum shear stress theory
b. Maximum distortion-energy theory.
4. At a section of a mild steel shaft of diameter 180 mm, the maximum torque is 67.5 kNm and
maximum bending moment is 40.5 kNm. The elastic limit in simple tension is 220 N/mm2.
Determine whether the failure of the material will occur or not according to maximum shear
stress theory. If not, then find the factor of safety.

CHAPTER: 3 SPRINGS
Two marks questions

1. What is spring index.

2. What is the shear stress in a close-coiled helical spring of mean coil diameter D, wire
diameter d, under axial load W?
3. Write down the application of flat springs?
4. What is torsional rigidity?
5. What are leaf springs? Where they are used?
6. What is Helix angle? Show by sketch.
7. What are Helical springs?
8. What are the types of Helical springs?
9. What is stiffness?
10. What is the difference between closed coil helical spring and open coiled helical springs?
11. What is the axial deflection of a close-coiled helical spring of mean coil diameter D, wire
diameter d number of turns n, under axial load W?
12. What is the proof resilience of a leaf spring.

Five marks questions

1. A closely coiled helical spring is made out of round steel wire 6 mm n diameter, the coils
having a mean diameter of 8cm. What axial pull will produce a shear stress of 140 MPa? If
the modulus of rigidity of the wire is 80 Gpa and the spring has 20 coils, how much will the
spring extend under this pull and how many Nm of work must be done in producing this
extension?
2. Drive the formula flat spiral springs .
3. A close-coiled helical spring is required to have an axial stiffness of 5 kN/m and an angular
stiffness of 0.1 Nm per degree angle of twist. If the spring is made of steel wire 6mm
diameter, find the mean diameter of the coil and the number of turns required. Assuming E =
200 Gpa and G = 80 Gpa.
4. Drive the formula for leaf spring.
5. A close coiled helical spring 10 cm mean diameter is made of 20 turns of 1 cm dia steel rod.
The spring carries an axial load of 100 N. Find the shearing stress developed in the spring
and the deflection of the load. Assume modulus of rigidity 84 GPa.
6. A railway wagon weighing 65 kN and moving with a speed of 10 km/hr is to be stopped by 4
buffer springs in which the maximum compression allowed is 20 cm. Calculate the number
of turns in each spring in which diameter of the wire is 2 cm and that of the coils 20 cm. G =
84 Gpa.
7. A helical spring, in which the mean diameter of the coils is 8 times the wire diameter, is to be
designed to absorb 200 N-m of energy with an extension of 10 cm. The maximum shear
stress is not to exceed 125 MPa. Determine the mean diameter of the helix, diameter of the
wire and the number of turns. Also find the load with which an extension of 4 cm could be
produced in the spring. G = 84 Gpa.
8. A close-coiled helical spring is to have a stiffness of 1 kN/m of compression under a
maximum load of 4.5 N and a maximum shearing stress of 126 MPa. The solid length of the
spring (i.e. when the coils re touching) is to be 4.5 cm. Find the diameter of the wire, the
mean diameter of the coils required. Modulus of rigidity G = 42 GPa.

9. An open-coiled helical spring consists of 10 coils, each of mean diameter 5 cm, the wire
forming the coils being 6 mm diameter and making a constant angle 30 o with planes
perpendicular the axis of
10. the spring. What load will cause the spring to elongate 1.25 cm and what will be the bending
and shear stresses due to this load? Calculate the value of axial twist which would cause a
bending stress of 56 MPa in the coils. E = 210 GPa and G = 84 Gpa.
11. Find the mean radius of an open-coiled spring ( =30 o) to give a vertical displacement of
2.25 cm and an angular rotation of the loaded end of 0.02 radians under an axial load of 40
N. The material available is steed rod of 6mm diameter. E = 210 Gpa, G = 84 GPa.

Ten marks Questions

1. Drive an expression for open coiled helical spring under axial load and Axial torque.
2. A leaf spring of the semi-elliptical type has 10 plates each 8 cm wide and 10 mm thick. The
length of the spring is 120 cm and the plates are of steel having a proof stress in bending of
630 MPa. To what radius should the plates be initially bent? From what height can a load of
450 N fall onto the centre of the spring if the maximum stress produced is to be one half of
the proof stress. E = 210 GPa.
3. The diameter of the wire of a helical spring with 6 coils is 1 cm, the mean coil diameter being
8cm, and pitch of the coils 8 cm. Calculate the torque which acing coaxially with the spring,
will produce a shearing stress of 300 MPa. Calculate also the angular twist of the spring
produced by the torque. G = 80 GPa , E = 200 GPa.
4. A flat spiral spring has a rectangular section 1.25 cm x 0.05 cm and a length of 360 cm. If
the maximum stress induced in the spring is 630 MPa. Find the couple exerted on its central
spindle, and the number of turns the spindle can make before the spring is run down. What
amount of energy is stored in the spring? E = 210 GPa.
5. A close-coiled helical spring is required to absorb 2.25 x 10 3 joules of energy. Determine the
diameter of the wire, the mean diameter of the spring and the number of coils necessary if:
a. Maximum stress is not to exceed 400 MN/m2
b. The maximum compression of the spring is limited to 250 mm,
c. The spring index is 8. G = 70 GN/m2

CHAPTER: 4 THICK CYLINDERS

Two marks questions

1. State Lames Theory.

2. What is compound cylinder?
3. What is shrinkage allowance?
4. What are the resultant stresses?
5. What is the difference between the thin cylinder and thick cylinders?
6. How many types of stresses are developed in thick cylinders? Name them.
7. What would happen if we not give the shrinkage allowance?
8. What are the hoop stress?
9. Write down the applications of thick cylinders?
10. What should be done if we have to make shrink-fitted cylinder?

Five marks questions

1. Prove that the original difference in radii at the junction of a compound cylinder for shrinkage
is given by:

dr =

2r *
( a1 a2 )
E

Where r* = common radius after shrinking

E = youngs modulus
2. Derive an expression for the radial pressure and hoop stress for a thick spherical shell.
3. What are the different methods of reducing hoop stresses? Explain the terms: Wire winding
of thin cylinders and shrinkage one cylinder over another cylinder.
4. What do you mean by Lames equations? How will you derive these equations?
5. Differentiate between a thin cylinder and a thick cylinder. Find an expression for the radial
pressure and hoop stress at any point in case of a thick cylinder.
6. The hoop stress is minimum at the outer surface and is maximum at the inner surface of a
thick cylinder, prove this statement. Sketch the radial pressure distribution and hoop stress
distribution across the section of a thick cylinder.
7. What do you mean by a thick compound cylinder? How will you determine the hoop stresses
in a thick compound cylinder?
8. A thick spherical shell of 400 mm internal diameter is subjected to an internal fluid pressure
of 1.5 N/mm2. If the permissible tensile stress in the shell material is 3 N/mm2, find the
necessary thickness of the shell.
9. Determine the hoop stress across the section of a pipe of external diameter 600 mm and
internal diameter 440 mm, when the pipe is subjected to an internal fluid pressure of 0
N/mm2.
10. A steel cylinder of 200 mm external diameter is to be shrunk to another steel cylinder of 100
mm internal diameter. After shrinking the diameter at the junction is 150 mm and radial
pressure at the junction is 12.5 N/mm. Find the original difference in radii at the junction.
Take E=2 x 10 6 N/mm2.

Ten Marks Questions

1. A compound cylinder is made by shrinking an outer tube on to an inner tube, the final
dimensions being; external diameter 25 cm, internal diameter 15 cm and diameter at the
junction of tubes, 20 cm.
If the common radial pressure between the two tubes due to shrinkage be 17
MPa, determine the circumferential stresses at inner and outer diameters of both
cylinder and show by means of a diagram how these stresses vary with the radius.
2. State clearly the assumptions made in Lames theory of thick cylinders, Assuming
fundamental formula for radial and hoop stresses in thick cylinder, prove that when a
collar having an internal diameter D 1 and an external diameter D 2 is shrunk on to a solid
shaft of the same material and having an external diameter D1+ ( being small

E D22 D12
shrinkage allowance) then the radial pressure at the joint is equal to
.
2 D12 D22
3. A steel tube is 3 cm internal diameter and 5 mm thick. One end is closed and the other
end is screwed into a pressure vessel. The projecting length is 30 cm. Neglecting any
constraints due to the ends, calculate the safe internal pressure if the allowable stress is
not to exceed 140 MPa. Calculate the increase in volume under this pressure. E = 200
Gpa. Poissons ratio = 0.286
4. A steel rod, 6 cm diameter, is forced into a bronze casing having an outside diameter of
10 cm and thereby produces a hoop tension at the outer circumference of the casing of
35 MPa. Determine (a) the radial pressure between the rod and the casing, and (b) the
rise in temperature which would just eliminate the force fit. For steel, E = 200 Gpa, v =
0.28, = 12 x 16 -6 per oC. For bronze, E = 110 Gpa, v =0.33, = 19 10 6 per oC.
5. A solid plug gauge of steel has a diameter of 2.0004 cm and is forced into a ring gauge
of the same material, which measure 2 cm inside diameter and 4 cm outside diameter.
Its axial length is 2 cm. What is the maximum stress in the ring and what force is
required to slide the plug, assuming the co-efficient of friction to be 0.3? Take E = 200
GPa.

CHAPTER 5: BENDING OF CURVED BEAMS AND SHEAR STRESS

DISTRIBUTION
Two Marks questions

1. What things should be kept in mind during the fabrication of chain

link?
2. What would be the effect on maximum stress, if a small cut is made in
a closed ring at the horizontal diameter?
3. What are the assumptions made in the analysis of curved beams?
4. Where will be the maximum stress in a ring under tension?
5. What is the statement of curved beam theory?
6. What will be nature of stress at the inside surface of crane hook?
7. What is the position of neutral axis in a curved beam?
8. What type of distribution of bending stresses occur in curved beam?
9. Who postulated the theory of curved beam?
10.Which section is most suitable for the crane hook?
Five Marks questions
1. A chain link is made of a steel rod of 18 mm diameter with straight

portion 90 mm in length and ends 90 mm in radius. If the link is

subjected to a load of 15 kN calculate the deflection of the link along
the load line. Take E = 200 GN/m2.
2. A bar of rectangular section 40 mm x 60 mm is subjected to a bending
moment of 2 kNm, its centre line is centre line is curved line is curved
to a radius of 200 mm. If the bending moment tends to increase the
curvature determine :
a. The maximum tensile and compressive stresses in beam;
b. Stress at the c.g. of the section.
3. A steel bar 38 mm in diameter is bent into a curve of mean radius
31.7 mm. If a bending moment of 4.6 Nm tending to increase the
curvature, acts on the bar find the intensities of maximum tensile and
compressive stresses.
4. A ring with a circular cross-section of 60 mm in diameter and a mean
radius of 90 mm is subjected to a compressive load of 15 kN.
Calculate the deflection of the ring along the along line. Take E = 200
GN/m2
A curved bar of rectangular section 60 mm (width) x 40 mm (thickness),
is bent in the shape of a horse shoe having a mean radius of 70 mm. Two
equal and opposite forces of 10 kN each

Assignment No.5
BENDING OF CURVED BEAMS AND SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTION

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What are the assumptions made in the analysis of curved beams?

Where will be the maximum stress in a ring under tension?
What is the statement of curved beam theory?
What will be nature of stress at the inside surface of crane hook?
What is the position of neutral axis in a curved beam

6. A bar of rectangular section 40 mm x 60 mm is subjected to a

bending moment of 2 kNm, its centre line is centre line is curved
line is curved to a radius of 200 mm. If the bending moment tends
to increase the curvature determine :
a. The maximum tensile and compressive stresses in beam;
b. Stress at the c.g. of the section.
7. A steel bar 38 mm in diameter is bent into a curve of mean radius
31.7 mm. If a bending moment of 4.6 Nm tending to increase the
curvature, acts on the bar find the intensities of maximum tensile
and compressive stresses.
8. A ring with a circular cross-section of 60 mm in diameter and a
mean radius of 90 mm is subjected to a compressive load of 15 kN.
Calculate the deflection of the ring along the along line. Take E =
200 GN/m2 A curved bar of rectangular section 60 mm (width) x 40
mm (thickness), is bent in the shape of a horse shoe having a mean
radius of 70 mm. Two equal and opposite forces of 10 kN each

CHAPTER 6: STRESSES DUE TO ROTATION

Two Marks questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

What is disc of uniform strength?

What assumptions should be made in case of thin rings?
Where will be radial stress in a hollow circular rotating disc?
Draw a free hand sketch of disc of uniform strength.
What assumptions are made in case of rotating long cylinders?
What will be the circumferential stress, if a thin flat ring is rotating at
a speed v?
7. Where will be the maximum circumferential stress in a solid rotating
disc?
8. What will be ratio of the max. circumferential stress in a circular
rotating disc having a very small hole at the centre to the max.
circumferential stress in a solid circular rotating disc?

9. In which case circumferential and radial stresses are equal to each

other and are constant?
10.Where will be max radial stress in a rotating hollow circular cylinder?

Five Marks Questions

1. The flywheel of an engine is 6 m in diameter. The maximum allowable

stress in the material of the flywheel is 8 MPa. Calculate the

maximum speed which the flywheel can be run if the density of the
flywheel is 7800 kg/m3.
2. A long steel cylinder of outer radius 375 mm and inner radius 125
mm is rotating about its axis at 4000 r.p.m.
a. What are the maximum and minimum values of circumferential
stress?
b. What is the maximum radial stress and where it occurs?
Take: Density of material = 7800 kg/m3, Poissons Ratio = 0.3.
3. A rotor of a turbine having inner and outer radii 100 mm and 200 mm
respectively is rotating at 1000 r.p.m. Find the maximum
circumferential and radial stresses assuming:
a. Rotor to be a thin disc
b. Rotor to be a long cylinder
4. Find the limiting peripheral speed of a cast-iron wheel if allowable
stress in cast-iron is 6.6 N/mm2. Take density of material as 7212
kg/m3.
5. Calculate the stress in the rim of a pulley when linear velocity of the
rim is 80 m/s. Assume density of material of the pulley as 7800
kg/m3. If the speed of the pulley is increased by 20 percent what will
be the stress?
6. A disc having inner and outer diameters 150 mm and 300 mm
respectively is rotating at an angular speed of 150 rads/sec. Calculate
the greatest values of radial and circumferential stresses.
7. A steam turbine rotor (to run at a speed of 2800 r.p.m) is to be
designed so that the radial and circumferential stresses are to be
same and constant throughout and equal to 80 MN/m2. If the axial
thickness at the centre is 15mm what is the thickness at a radius of
500 mm? Assume density of material as 7800 kg/m3.
8. A thin solid disc of 75 cm diameter is to rotate at 3000 r.p.m. The
material density is 7600 kg/m3 and Poissons ratio is 0.28. Plot the
variation of radial and hoop stresses in the disc.

9. A composite ring is made of an inner copper ring and outer steel ring.

The diameter of the surface of contact of the rings is 700 mm. If the
composite ring rotates at 2350 r.p.m. determine the stress set up in
the steel and copper rings. Both the rings are of rectangular crosssection 15 mm in the radial direction and 20 mm in the direction
perpendicular to the plane of the ring. Take=Es=200 GN/m2, Ecu=100
GN/m2, s =7800 kg/m3, cu =8900 kg/m3.
10. A solid steel shaft 30 cm in diameter is rotating at a speed of 300
r.p.m. If the shaft is constrained at its ends to that it cannot expand
or contract longitudinally, calculate the total longitudinal thrust over
a cross-section due to rotational stresses. The density of steel is 7800
kg/m3 and v=0.30.
Ten Marks Questions
1. The max safe peripheral speed for a cast iorn flywheel is 25 m/s.
Neglecting the spokes and taking the density as 7470 kg/m3,
determine the maximum tensile stress in the rim of the flywheel at
this speed.
2. A steel turbine rotor of 800 mm outside diameter and 200 mm inside
diameter is 50 mm thick. The rotor carries 100 blades each 200 mm
long and of mass 0.5 kg. The rotor runs at 3000 r.p.m. Assuming the
shaft to be rigid, calculate the expansion of the inner base of the disc
due to rotation. Take E = 200 GPa, v = 0.3 and = 7800 kg/m3.

Assignment No.6
STRESSES DUE TO ROTATION

1. What is disc of uniform strength?

2. What assumptions should be made in case of thin rings?
3. Where will be radial stress in a hollow circular rotating disc?
4. Draw a free hand sketch of disc of uniform strength Calculate the
stress in the rim of a pulley when linear velocity of the rim is 80
m/s. Assume density of material of the pulley as 7800 kg/m3. If
the speed of the pulley is increased by 20 percent what will be the
stress?

5. A disc having inner and outer diameters 150 mm and 300 mm

respectively is rotating at an angular speed of 150 rads/sec.
Calculate the greatest values of radial and circumferential stresses.
6. A steam turbine rotor (to run at a speed of 2800 r.p.m) is to be
designed so that the radial and circumferential stresses are to be
same and constant throughout and equal to 80 MN/m2. If the axial
thickness at the centre is 15mm what is the thickness at a radius
of 500 mm? Assume density of material as 7800 kg/m3.
7. A thin solid disc of 75 cm diameter is to rotate at 3000 r.p.m. The
material density is 7600 kg/m3 and Poissons ratio is 0.28. Plot the
variation of radial and hoop stresses in the disc.

Tutorial sheet #6
1. A thin solid disc of 75 cm diameter is to rotate at 3000 r.p.m. The

material density is 7600 kg/m3 and Poissons ratio is 0.28. Plot the
variation of radial and hoop stresses in the disc.
2. A composite ring is made of an inner copper ring and outer steel ring.
The diameter of the surface of contact of the rings is 700 mm. If the
composite ring rotates at 2350 r.p.m. determine the stress set up in
the steel and copper rings. Both the rings are of rectangular crosssection 15 mm in the radial direction and 20 mm in the direction
perpendicular to the plane of the ring. Take=Es=200 GN/m2, Ecu=100
GN/m2, s =7800 kg/m3, cu =8900 kg/m3.

3. A solid steel shaft 30 cm in diameter is rotating at a speed of 300

r.p.m. If the shaft is constrained at its ends to that it cannot expand

or contract longitudinally, calculate the total longitudinal thrust over
a cross-section due to rotational stresses. The density of steel is 7800
kg/m3 and v=0.30.