Soil and Rock Bulking Factors

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Soil and Rock Bulking Factors

Soil or rock expansion - swell - after mining
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One cubic of soil or rock at the borrow expands and does not translate into one cubic of fill in the lorry, stockpiled or placed and compacted on the site.

Bulking or Swell factors for some common materials are indicated below: Density at the Borrow 103 (kg/m3) 2.4 - 3.1 1.8 - 2.6 2.8 2.69 2.6 - 2.8 1.80 2.00 2.7 -2.8 2.65 1.60 1.95 2.1 - 2.4 2.6 - 3.3 1.2 - 1.6 Bulking (Swell) Factor (%) 75 - 80 20 - 40 50 - 60 20 - 30 75 - 80 75 - 80 20 - 30 20 - 30 50 - 60 75 - 80 15 - 25 75 - 80 40 - 80 20 - 30 20 - 30 75 - 80 85 - 90 20 - 30

Material

Loam Soil Bulk Soil Clay Soil

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o o

C F

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m km in ft yards miles nautical miles

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Volume

Basalt Clay Dolomite Earth Gneiss Granite Gravel, dry Gravel, wet Gravel, wet w/clay Limestone Loam Quartz Rock Sand, dry Sand, wet Sandstone Slate Soil

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m3 liters in3 ft3 us gal

1 kg/m3 = 0.001 g/cm3 = 0.0005780 oz/in3 = 0.16036 oz/gal (Imperial) = 0.1335 oz/gal (U.S.) = 0.0624 lb/ft3 = 0.000036127 lb/in3 = 1.6856 lb/yd3 = 0.010022 lb/gal (Imperial) = 0.008345 lb/gal (U.S) = 0.0007525 ton/yd3

Example - Swell Factor

After excavation 300 m with bulking factor 40% swells to (300 m3) (100% + 40%) / 100% = 420 m3
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m/s km/h ft/min ft/s mph knots

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www. edi l m ac. com Q uarry m anagem ent and perf orm ance i n rock w i t h rai se borer t echnol ogy

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Pa (N/m2) bar mm H2O kg/cm2 psi inches H2O

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Soil and Rock Bulking Factors

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m3/s m3/h US gpm cfm

Earth or Soil - Weight and Composition - Typical weight and composition of soil or earth Excavation Slope - Calculating excavation slope Stockpile Volume - Volume in natural piles - cubic feet, yard, meter and decimeter Trench Excavation - Calculate trench excavation

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