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3 d post
10 d post
pre
post
4+3
VD
RCr
LCr1 LCr2
perihilar
Cd drs
Cr Vtr Cd Vtr
Normal lung
Lungs - radiolucent
Vessels - radiodense
Thoracic radiology
Easy Safe Fast Next step
kVp
mAs
UNDER
GOOD
OVER
ANATOMICAL EXAMINATION
Normal dog
Locate Aorta Caudal vena cava Pulmonary vessels Trachea Tracheal bifurcation - carina Bronchi Diaphragm Cranial mediastinum Caudoventral mediastinal fold cardiophrenic ligament Pleural fat Skin folds Nipple shadows
DV
VD
Ddx / dog
Heart axis more horizontal Heart more caudal Diaphragm more caudal
crual blending T12-L1
Pulmonary Radiology
Lung structures that cast shadows All may be seen if there is gas (air) in the airways and alveolar spaces vessels airways interstitium
Pulmonary vessels
Arteries and veins paired towards hilar area Similar diameters Taper Sharp margins
bronchial
interstitial
vascular
alveolar
interstitial
BRONCHIAL PATTERN
bronchial mineralisation allergic bronchitis chronic bronchitis peribronchial cuffing i.e. oedema, bronchopneumonia
Bronchial pattern
Interstitial pattern
Interstitial pattern
Interstitium fills with fluid/cells Indistinct pattern Difficult to identify vessels clearly
Interstitial pattern
Interstitial pattern
Cardiogenic edema
Pulmonary edema
MVD
alveolar pattern
Localised: bronchopneumonia oedema haemorrhage neoplasia lung collapse/ atelectasis dirofilariasis pulmonary infarct
Air bronchogram
Air bronchogram
Alveolar Pattern
Alveolar Pattern
Vascular Pattern
ABV
Blood vessels
Enlarged arteries pulmonary hypertension,i.e. R to L shuntng PDA, dirofilariasis Enlarged veins congestion due to mitral insufficiency Enlarged arteries and veins overcirculation, i.e. L to R shunt, overhydration
Pulmonary vasculature
Compare size of arteries and veins Increased or decreased in size Are both arteries and veins affected Shape of vessels / tortuous, truncated
Pulmonary vessels
A V
Arteriogram
Undercirculation in shock
Lung hyperlucency
Diffuse:
Overexposure Weight loss Hypovolaemia Overinflation Air trapping Emphysema
Focal:
Bulla Lobar emphysema Pulmonary embolism
Bronchiectasis
Pleural effusion
White thoracic cavity Loss of clarity