Be going to for the future

Subject + be + (not) going to + base form of verb I am (not) going to start soon You are (not) going to start soon He she it is (not) going to start soon We you they are (not) going to start soon Yes/no questions Be + subject + going to + base form of verb Am I going to start soon? Yes, you are No, you're not Are you going to start soon? Yes, I am No, I!m not Is He she it going to start soon? Yes, he she it is No, he!s she!s it!s not Are "e you they going to start soon? Yes, you "e they are No, you!re "e!re they're not Wh questions Wh "or# + be + subject + going to + base form of verb When$"here are you going to start?

Present progressive for the future

Subject + be + (not) + base form of verb + ing I'm (not) standing soon

Will for the future

Subject + "i%% (not) + base form of verb I you he she it "e you they will (not) start soon I "i%% & I!%% You "i%% & you!%% He "i%% & he!%% She "i%% & she!%% It "i%% & it!%% We "i%% & "e!%% 'hey "i%% & they!%% Wi%% not & "on!t Yes/no questions Wi%% + subject + base form of verb

Will I you he she it "e you they start soon? Yes, you I he she it you "e they will No, you I he she it you "e they won't Wh questions Wh "or# + "i%% + subject + base form of verb When$"here will you start?

he simple present tense for the future

Subject + verb We start (on#ay It starts (on#ay Notes! )* there are severa% "ays to ta%+ about actions an# states in the future You can use be going to, the ,resent ,rogressive will, or the sim,%e ,resent tense -* use be going to or will to ma+e ,re#ictions or guesses about the future Scientists believe that people are going to travel very differently in the future. You will probably be able to take a trip to the moon. .se be going to instea# of will "hen there is something in the ,resent that %ea#s to the ,re#iction Look at those cars! They're going to crash! Not they'll crash! /* "e often use be going to, the ,resent ,rogressive, or will, to ta%+ about future intentions or ,%ans !otors is going to hold a press conference. !otors is holding a press conference ne"t week. !otors will hold a press conference ne"t week. *We often use will "hen "e #eci#e something at the moment of s,ea+ing There's going to be a lecture on transportation of the future. #h! That sounds interesting. $ think $'ll go %ill can a%so be use# for ma+ing a re0uest * We often use the ,resent ,rogressive "hen "e ta%+ about future ,%ans that have a%rea#y been arrange# 'here is usua%%y some reference to the future1 this te%%s us that the event is going to ha,,en in the future an# that is not ha,,ening no" &ohn and $ are attending the lecture tomorrow night. %e've already gotten tickets. Be carefu% We usua%%y #o not use non action (stative) verbs "ith the ,rogressive 2*. the sim,%e ,resent to ta%+ about sche#u%e# future events (such as timetab%es, ,rograms, an# sche#u%es) 3erbs such as start' leave, end, an# begin are often use# this "ay The press conference begins at ()*)) +! 4* in informa% s,eech, going to is often ,ronounce# gonna

"uture time #lauses

$ain #lause get a job ime #lause I graduate

I will

when

ne5t 6une

I am going to She will She is going to 'hey will 'hey are going to $ain #lause Will I Am I going to Will she Is she going to get a job Will they Are they going to You Yes% She they will& are& will& Is& will& are& No%

She graduates 'hey graduate ime #lause I graduate when she graduates they graduate ne5t 6une?

You She they

won't& aren't& won't& Isn't& won't& aren't&

"here

$ain #lause will i am i going to will she is she going to will they are they going to

ime #lause i graduate get a job when she graduates they graduate ne5t 6une?

)* "hen a sentence about the future has - c%auses, the verb in the main c%ause is often in the future (will, or be going to) 'he verb in the time c%ause is often in the ,resent tense They'll look for a ,ob when they graduate. #When they graduate' they'll look for a ,ob. Be carefu%, #on7t use the future in a time c%ause Not when they will graduate -* here are some common time e5,ressions u can use to begin future time c%ause1 * when, after, an# as soon as often intro#uce the event that ha,,ens first As soon as $ graduate' $'m going to look for a ,ob. .first $'m going to graduate. Then $'ll look for a ,ob/ * before, until, an# by the time often intro#uce the event that ha,,ens secon# Before $ get a ,ob' $'ll finish school. $ won't get a ,ob until $ finish school. By the time $ get a ,ob' $'ll be out of school. .first $'ll finish school. Then $'ll get a ,ob/ * while intro#uces an event that "i%% ha,,en at the same time as another event While $ look for a ,ob' $'ll continue to study.

Present Perfe#t
su'(e#t I You We 'hey He She It )ave/has )ave )ave/has (not) have 'een pla*ed has Past parti#iple of ver' here for a %ong time sin#e may Past parti#iple of ver' "or/sin#e

su'(e#t I You We 'hey He She It You i$"e you they He She It

"or/sin#e

'een pla*ed

here

for a %ong time? sin#e may?

)as

)ave& You i$"e you they He She It Past parti#iple of ver'

Yes%

)as& No%

)aven't&

)asn't&

Wh word

)ave/has

su'(e#t I You We 'hey He She It

)ave Ho" %ong )as

'een pla*ed

Here?

)* use the ,resent ,erfect "ith for or since to ta%+ about something that began in the ,ast an# continues into the ,resent (an# may continue into the future) Steffi 0raf has played tennis since 1973. She has played for over twenty years. .she began playing over 1) years ago' in (234' and still plays now./ -* use the ,resent ,erfect "ith since an# a ,oint in time .since 5*))' since !onday' since new year's eve' since yesterday/ to sho" "hen something starte# 0raf has been a champion since 19 7. /*since can a%so intro#uce a time c%ause 8otice that the verb in the since c%ause is in the sim,%e ,ast tense She has won many tournaments since she began her professional career. 9 time c%ause can come at the beginning or en# of a sentence

2* use the ,resent ,erfect "ith for an# a %engh of time (for ten minutes' for 1 weeks' for years' for a long time/ to sho" ho" %ong a ,resent con#ition has been true Sports enthusiasts have admired Steffi 0raf for many years 4* the ,resent ,erfect is forme# "ith have or has + the ,ast ,artici,%e 'he regu%ar form of the ,ast ,artici,%e is the base form of the verb + *# ,r e# 'his form is the same as the sim,%e ,ast form of the verb 'here are many ireegu%ar ,ast ,artici,%es, ho"ever Some common ones are %iste# here Base form Be See Bring Buy (eet S%ee, hang ta+e have Past parti#iple been Seen brought Bought (et s%e,t hung ta+en ha# Base form Sing Se%% 'e%% :ut rea# <un =omer "rite (a+e Past parti#iple sung so%# to%# ,ut rea# <un come "ritten ma#e Base form #o go Win ;rive eat get give fin# Past parti#iple #one gone "on #riven eaten gotten given foun#

Present Perfe#t! Alread* and *et

Affirmative statements! alread* Subject + have$has + a%rea#y + ,ast ,artici,%e of verb 'hey have alread* developed a ,o%io vaccine It has alread* helped a %ot of ,eo,%e Negative statements! *et Subject + have not$has not + ,ast ,artici,%e of verb +yet 'hey haven't dis#overed a cure for 9I;S *et It hasn't rea#hed e,i#emic ,ro,ortions *et Yes/ no questions! *et Have$has + subject + ,ast ,artici,%e of verb + yet )ave they found a cure for 9I;S *et? Yes% they have No% they haven't )as it rea#hed e,i#emic ,ro,ortions *et? Yes, it has No, it hasn't No% not *et )* "e often use the ,resent ,erfect "ith a%rea#y