Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Subject:
Science
Topic:
Why these?
Common Mistakes
Symbols of Electric
Components
Important from
School and Competitive examination
point-of-view
This Chapterforms a
basis for higher
order concepts of
Electricity,
and
Magnetic Effects of
Electric Current in
Classes IX and X.
Mistakes in circuit
d i a g r a m
representation
Heating Effect of
Electric Current
Magnetic Effect of
Electric Current
Electromagnet
Electric Bell
Heating effect of
electric
current
applications in home
appliances
PONDER THIS: If you were asked to showcase a project at the National Science Fair based
on an application of Electric Current, what would it be?
How to represent
an electric circuit
using standard
symbols
Pg.No| 1
Definitions
Electric circuits are an easy way to represent ______________________.
Common electric components are signified using _________________.
The symbols for some regular electric components are:
Electric Components
Symbols
Electric cell
Electric bulb
Switch in ON position
Battery
Wire
In the symbol for an electric cell, the longer line represents the
_______________________________, whereas the shorter thicker parallel line
represents the _______________________________.
What is the difference between an electric cell and a battery?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Where have you used batteries?
________________________________________________________________________
When you insert electric cells side by side, like in the picture shown below
(as in a TV remote control), the _____________________ terminal of one electric
cell is connected to _______________________ terminal of the next electric cell.
The compartment in the TV remote control (or any other device that uses
batteries), shown in the picture, which holds the cells is called the
________________________.
Pg.No| 2
{NOTE that in the circuit above, it does not matter what order you show the
elements in. It is important to show all elements with their correct symbols
and connected properly. The key/ switch can be placed anywhere in the
circuit. Since the lamp is glowing in the first circuit, in the second circuit
also it must be glowing. Therefore, the circuit must be closed and the switch
must be ON.}
Explain why the light bulbs will not light in the arrangements below:
Pg.No| 3
connecting wires,
a device (such as an electric bulb) through which the electric power may be
released as light or heat, and
PONDER THIS: In cases where there is no device, how do you know that electric
current flows through the circuit?
Pg.No| 4
In the bulb there is a thin wire, called the __________________, which glows when an
electric current passes through it.
Pg.No| 6
Poles of magnet
A Danish physicist and chemist, Hans Christian Oersted, during a lecture, noticed that a
compass needle deflected when an electric current from a battery was switched on and off.
You already know that a compass needle is made up of a ______________________, which
aligns itself in the __________________________________________, and deflects whenever
brought near a _______________.
From this, we learn that, when _____________________________ passes through a wire, it
behaves like a ________________.
This is called the ___________________________ of electric current.
Electromagnet
Applications of electromagnets
Electric bell
You have just learnt about the magnetic effect of electric current.An electric current can,
hence, be used to make magnets.
When a current wire is wound closely around an iron nail, like a coil, and current
passed through it, some pins placed near the coil attract the nail.
This shows that the coil behaves like a ________________ when electric current flows
through it.
On switching off the current, the pins no longer attract the coil.
This shows that when the electric current is switched off, the coil
____________________________________.
Such coils are called ________________________.
These electromagnets can be made very strong and can lift very heavy loads. For e.g. in
cranes - where they are used to separate magnetic material from junk.
Pg.No| 7
All of you have seen and used electric bells at your homes.
It makes use of an _________________________.
The circuit of an electric bell consists of:
When the iron strip is in contact with the _____________, the current flows through the
coil which becomes an ____________________________, which pulls the iron strip.
In the process, the ________________ at the end of the strip strikes the gong of the bell
to produce a sound.
However, when the electromagnet
______________________________________.
pulls
the
iron
strip,
it
also
Pg.No| 8
The current through the coil stops flowing and the coil is no longer an
_______________________________. It no longer ________________ the iron strip.
The iron strip comes back to its original position and touches the
________________________ again.
This completes the circuit. The current flows in the coil and the __________________
strikes the gong again.
This process is repeated in quick succession. The hammer strikes the gong every time the
circuit is completed.
Pg.No| 9
FORMATIVE WORKSHEETS
1.
When current flows through the coil, the iron rod is attracted downward because the
(A) Current through the coil produces a gravitational field
(B) Current through the coil produces a magnetic field
(C) Iron rod and the coil carry opposite charges
(D) Iron rod and the coil carry like charges
..............................................................................................................................................
2.
The figure shows an electromagnetic train signal. When it is switched on, the signal remains
in the upward position, whereas when it is switched off, the signal remains in the downward
position as shown in the figure.
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
..............................................................................................................................................
3.
Steve constructs an automatic door latch as shown in the figure. When the switch is closed,
the electromagnet attracts the door latch toward itself and the door can be opened. When
the switch is opened again, the door latch comes back to its original position using the spring
attached between the core of the electromagnet and the door latch.
Pg.No| 10
4.
Clarke constructs a device by passing current through a piece of long insulated wire wrapped
around an iron core. He uses this device for picking paper clips.
(C) Electromagnet
(D) Galvanometer
..............................................................................................................................................
5.
An electric iron works on the principle of i effect of electric current. The component of an
iron that works on this principle is its ii.
The information in which alternative completes the given statements?
(A)
(B)
ii
chemical base
(C)
(D)
ii
heating base
ii
heating
element
ii
chemical element
..............................................................................................................................................
(B) Two
(C) Three
(D) Four
..............................................................................................................................................
7. An electric fuse of 3 A rating is connected in a branchcircuit. Suddenly, a current of
amount 4 A flows through the circuit that consists of a bulb.
Which of the following events could be a possibility in the given circuit?
(A) The bulb will get fused
(B) The fuse will melt and break the circuit
(C) The fuse will absorb 1 A current and will pass 3 Acurrent only
(D) The bulb will continue to work normally getting a 4 A current
..............................................................................................................................................
8. Electric fuses are
(A) Safety devices
Pg.No| 11
9. Which of the following devices works on the principle of heating effect of current?
(A) Switch
(C) Electric fuse
(B) Battery
(D) Socket boardindicator
..............................................................................................................................................
10. While reading about the heating effect of current, Raju decides to list some home electrical
devices that work on that principle. He lists some devices (as shown in the given table).
His father notices that one device is listed incorrectly in the table.
Electrical device:
Electric kettle, Motor, Toaster, Geyser, Hair dryer
Whichdevice is listedincorrectlyby Raju in the table?
(A) Motor
(B) Toaster
..............................................................................................................................................
11. The given figure shows a simple circuit consisting of a bulb and a switch.
The bulb will glow when the given components are connected as
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
..............................................................................................................................................
Pg.No| 12
13. The given figure shows a simple circuit involving a battery, a switch, and a bulb.
If the terminals of the battery are reversed, then the bulb will
(A) Glow
(B) Not glow
(C) Glow for a short time
(D) Glow after some time
..............................................................................................................................................
14. A simple electrical circuit containing two bulbs and a battery is shown in the given
figure.
..............................................................................................................................................
15. The symbol for a fuse is
(A)
(C)
(B)
A
(D)
..............................................................................................................................................
16. When negative terminal of a cell is connected to the positive terminal of the next cell are
said to be in
(A) Series
(B) Parallel
..............................................................................................................................................
Pg.No| 13
CONCEPTIVE WORKSHEETS
1. A pin is placed near a wire loop, as shown in the given figure. When current flows
through the wire loop, the pin gets attracted toward the loop.
5. The given figure shows a simple electric circuit that consists of a coil of wire wounded
around an iron rod. Some iron filings are placed near one end of the rod. When the
switch is closed, some iron filings get attracted towards the rod.
(B) Flicker
8. Robert constructs an electrical circuit as shown in the given figure. Four different points
are labeled asP,Q,R, andSon the wooden rod.
In the given circuit, the bulb will glow when the positive terminal of the battery is connected
to the point
(A) P
(B) Q
(C) R
(D) S
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
9. In which of the following circuits can the electrical bulb be operated using the switch in
the circuit?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Pg.No| 16