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= =
=
= = =
Also, the load pf is,
1
cos 0.96( )
, cos (0.96) 16.26
lagging
so
=
= =
As the pf is lagging, the current will lag the voltage, and therefore the angle will be negative. If we take
the secondary voltage as the reference phasor, then:
240 0
S
V V = Z
156.25 16.26
S
I A = Z
(Ans.)
[Note: Students must put a bar over the variable when writing phasors. This bar is not shown in
typed documents and text books.]
Now, the load impedance is given by:
240 0
1.536 16.26
156.25 16.26
s
load
s
V
Z
I
Z
= = = Z O
Z
(Ans.)
b. Equivalent impedance referred to the primary side:
2 2
,
2 2
,
2.488 (20) 0.006 4.888
4.8384 (20) 0.0121 9.678
eq p p s
eq p p s
R R a R
X X a X
= + = + = O
= + = + = O
, , ,
4.888 9.678 10.84 63.2
eq p eq p eq p
Z R jX j = + = + = Z O
(Ans.)
c. Input impedance of the transformer and load:
The input impedance of the transformer and load is the impedance seen from the input side (where the
source is attached, implying the primary side) with the load attached. Using the approximate equivalent
circuit referred to the primary side:
2 2
,
10.84 63.2 (20) 1.536 16.26 621.85 16.99
in eq p load
Z Z a Z = + = Z + Z = Z O
(Ans.)
+
+
V
P
aV
S
I
P
I
S
/a
a
2
Z
Load
R
eq,p
jX
eq,p
Z
in
d. Actual input voltage at high side:
Using the approximate equivalent circuit of the transformer referred to the primary side, we write the
KVL equation:
( )
, ,
0
s
p eq p eq p s
I
V R jX aV
a
+ + + =
( )
, ,
,
,
156.25 16.25
20 240 0 10.84 63.2
20
4858.19 0.729
s
p s eq p eq p
s
s eq p
I
or V aV R jX
a
I
aV Z
a
V
= + +
= +
Z
= Z + Z
= Z
So, the input primary side voltage (high side voltage) is, 4858.19 0.729
p
V V = Z
(Ans.)
+
+
V
P
aV
S
I
P
I
S
/a
a
2
Z
Load
R
eq,p
jX
eq,p