Unit 4 Periodic Table

All elements are made of atoms. Because atoms have different numbers of particles, they differ in their properties. Each element can have several isotopes with different properties. To study elements more effectively, we need a system that shows an average of all the isotopes arranged in a way that makes finding the information quick and easy. Periodic Table -

Early Arrangements of the Periodic Table !. "ohann #obereiner $!%&'() Triads consisted of* Triads could be used to . &. "ohn +ewlands $!%,-(.roperties of elements repeated every elements.

+one of the attempts to arrange the elements seemed to work.

Mendeleevs PT #mitri /endeleev $!%,'( Elements were arranged by* !. &. This system formed rows and columns. /endeleev encountered problems with elements while arranging his table* !. Elements* .roblem*
1

0olution* 1mportance* &. Element* .roblem* 0olution* 1mportance* . /endeleev2s .T was important for several reasons* !. &. -. 3. 4. . . . . . .

. .

Modern PT
5enry /oseley $!'!-(- discovered the .eriodic 6aw .eriodic 6awThe periodic table is now arranged by atomic number. .eriod, series7roup, familyThe periodic table can be separated into three large sections of elements* metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. /etals are located on the left side of the .T. /etals have the following properties* !. &. -.
2

3. 4. ,. 8. %. '. 0ome groups within the metals have special names. 7roup ! !. &. -. 3. 5+a 97roup & !. &. /g :a Ba 7roups - ) !& !. &. Ti:r 3

;e +i :u <n Ag Au5gThe bottom two rows on the .T are also metals. /ost of these elements are manmade and radioactive. The top row is called the 6anthanides and the bottom row is called the Actinides. :ollectively, this area has several accepted names* inner transition metals, rare earth elements. =.u +onmetals are on the right side of the .T. +onmetals properties include* !. &. -. 3. 4. ,. 8. 0ome groups within the nonmetals have special names. 7roup !8 !. &. -. 3. 4.

;:l Br 17roup !% !. &. -. 5e +e Ar >n/etalloids are located on either side of the steps in the middle of the .T. /etalloids have properties of both metals and nonmetals combined together. !. &. ?ther elements that are important* :+?Al 0i .0As 0n .b -

The way the elements are arranged on the .T leads to patterns of properties which can be detected. These patterns are called periodic trends and can be used to predict values for an unknown. Atomic si@e #own Across 1oni@ation energy #own Across Electronegativity #own Across -