GUIDE TO HAZARDOUS AREA

Electrical Equipment In Hazardous Atmospheres

Basic Principles

Topics Covered
Principles of Explosion Protection Zones of Use as roups Temperature Classes Explosion Protection Cate!ories

Conditions "or An Explosion

Three simultaneous conditions are required and are often sho#n in the form of an i!nition trian!le$

I!nition or "ire Trian!le

In %rder for Com&ustion '"ire or Explosion( to %ccur) * elements must &e Present+
, "uel , -ource of I!nition , %x.!en or Air

I!nition Trian!le
Oxygen

+
Fuel
(Gas, Vapor + Dust + Fibre & Flyings)

+
Ignition Source
(Sparks + Hot sur ace)

I!nition Trian!le

Primar. Explosion Protection

Elimination of I!nition -ource) or
Oxygen Elimination of "uel) orOxygen Elimination %x.!en

Fuel

Ignition Source

I!nition -ource 'Ener!.(

Heat
, /i!ht "ixtures '/amp 0 Ballast(

Arcin! 0 -par1in!
, -#itches 0 2ela.s , Plu!s and 2eceptacles

Potential -ource
, Terminals , Tools

Hazardous Area Zones

Three Zones
, Ho# /i1el.3 , "or Ho# /on!3

Hazardous Area Zones

$ # "

Sa e %rea

Examples of Zonin!
Petrol -tation "orecourt
Sa e %rea

&one $ &one #

Examples of Zonin!
/P Tan1er
&one $ &one #

&one "

4efinition of Zones
Zone 5 Zone in #hich an explosive atmosphere is continuousl. present) or present for lon! periods$
How Likely? - very likely For How Long? > 1000 r!"yr

4efinition of Zones
Zone 6 Zone in #hich an explosive atmosphere is li1el. to occur in normal operation$
How Likely? - likely

For How Long? >10 r! # 1000 r!"yr

4efinition of Zones
Zone 7 Zone in #hich an explosive atmosphere is not li1el. to occur in normal operation) and if it occurs it #ill exist onl. for a short time$ -ometimes referred to as+ 8The remotel. Hazardous Area9
How Likely? - Unlikely For How Long? # 10 r!"yr

4efinition of Zones
!cc"rrence o# $as /Vapor % #or How long Descriptions Zone 0 Zone 1 Zone 2 How Likely? Very likely Likely Not Likely For how long? > 1000 hrs/year > 10 < 1000 hrs/yr < 10 hrs /year

Electrical Equipment In Hazardous Area

Concentrates on the i!nition source 4ifferent methods emplo.ed for prevention

Principles Involved
Containment of explosion #ithin apparatus
&' (

T.pes of Protection and Explosion Protection -.m&ol

Containment of Explosion in Apparatus
, "lameproof 'Ex d(

H$%$r&o'! G$!( )$*or( D'!+ e+,-

:ethods %f Protection That 8Contain an Explosion9

+etal ,o +etal -oints *xtra (are .ust be ,ig2tene1 ,aken to pre/ent (orrectly (orrosion Housing '(ontains) *xplosion

%ll 0olts +ust 0e Installe1 &

Fl$.e-*$+ !

) 0oin+! on ,over! or o*ening! ) Doe! no+ *reven+ e5*lo!ion o,,'rring $re *ro+e,+e& 1y + e 1'+ ,on+$in! + e e5*lo!ion $n& *reven+! 23l$.e-*$+ 4 igni+ion o3 !'rro'n&ing $+.o!* ereFl$.e-*$+ Fl$.e-*$+

En,lo!'re /$ll

Fl$.e-*$+ !

) Fla*e paths +"st ,e #ree #ro* corrosion --) .ll ,olts +"st ,e tightene( (own correctly --2/0 &'( 1ellglass

Ex de certified
"lameproof and Increased -afet. "loodli!ht

Increase1 Sa ety (*xe) ,er.inal 0ox

Fla.eproo *nclosure (*x1)

) L$.* $n& !*$rking &evi,e! $re ,on+$ine& wi+ in 3l$.e*roo3 en,lo!'re

;$1le! ,onne,+e& To E5e Ter.in$l 1lo,k

) /iring en+er! en,lo!'re vi$ 3l$.e*roo3 1$rrier gl$n&

En,lo!'re /$ll

Fl$.e*roo3 6E5&7 E89001:

T.pes of Protection and -.m&ol

Avoidance of i!nition condition
2ncrease( 3a#ety 4&' e5 Non 3parking 4&' N6 n5

Ha3ar1ous %rea

:ethod %f Protection *x 'e)

Increased -afet.
Additional Protection Is iven to Components to Prevent Excessive Temperatures or Arcs and -par1s 7er*inals 8annot Vi,rate Loose6 De#or* 8on("ctors an( ha9e 2ncrease( 8reepage an( 8learances !ther Factors
High 7e*perat"res or 3parks

:ethod %f Protection *x '4)

=re9ention o# #"el co*ing into contact with ignition so"rce

Po#der or -and "illed

, The Enclosure Is "illed =ith -and or round lass , 4isplaces Hazardous ases , Isolates Hot or Arcin! Components , Zone 6 and 7 Applica&le

T.pes of Protection and Explosion Protection -.m&ol

Prevention of fuel comin! into contact #ith i!nition source

&ncaps"lation 4&' *5 - =otte( capacitors6 ,allast6 etc; !il 2**ersion 4&' o5 =ow(er Filling 4&' <5

!il #ille( capacitors6 win(ings6 etc; &lectronic >allast6 capacitors6 etc

Ha3ar1ous %rea

=hat t.pe of Protection to use3

The hazardous zones are decided &. local authorities) not the equipment manufacturer$ 4ifferent Protection methods are suita&le for different zones$

as

roups

as
< < <

roups

as roup II is further su&<divided+< IIA 'Propane( IIB 'Eth.lene( IIC 'H.dro!en ? Acet.lene(

5uali ying 6roperties , +axi.u. *xplosion 6ressures , (learance o (la.pe1 -oints

as

roups

An. apparatus 'li!htin! fixture( mar1ed for as roup II or IIC can &e used in A// as roup area ie$ IIA) IIB ? IIC

as

roups

An. apparatus suita&le for as roup IIC can &e used #here as roup IIB or IIA is required An. apparatus suita&le for as roup IIA cannot &e used #here as roup IIB or IIC is required

as
22 .
.pparat"s $as $ro"p

roups
22 > 22 8

$as $ro"p o# the .rea/Zone

22 . 22 > 22 8

Temperature Class

Temperature Class
ases are also !rouped accordin! to temperature a&ove #hich a !as #ill instantl. i!nite$ Called the @i!nition temperatureA of the !as$ Apparatus 'luminaire( must have a maximum permissi&le surface temperature #hich is &elo# i!nition temperature of !as$

=hat is the I!nition Temperature of the as04ust ,78atings Present3

T<2atin! ':ar1ed on the "ixture(
It is the :aximum %peratin! Temperature ran!e of a /uminaire or "ixture

+ust 0e 0elo9 t2e Ignition ,e.p o t2e Gas : Dust 6resent *xa.ple; I gas present 2as ignition te.p o $#<o (, t2en ,7 8ating re4uire.ent is ,= ($""o ()>

Temperature Class
,e.perature (lass +axi.u. Sur ace ,e.perature

,# ,$ ,= ,? ,< ,@

?<" B( ="" B( $"" B( #=< B( #"" B( A< B(

In!ress Protection
1!+ Digi+ 0 1 = ? A 9 @ C : Degree o3 <ro+e,+ion 6D'!+7 8o *ro+e,+ion L$rge 3oreign 1o&ie! Ingre!! o3 .e&i'. !i%e& 3oreign 1o&ie!Ingre!! o3 3oreign 1o&ie! > =-9.. &i$Ingre!! o3 3oreign 1o&ie! > 1.. &i$D'!+ !'33i,ien+ +o in+er3ere wi+ o*er$+ion;o.*le+e *ro+e,+ion $g$in!+ &'!+=n& Digi+ 0 1 = ? A 9 @ C : Degree o3 <ro+e,+ion 6Li>'i&!7 8o *ro+e,+ion Dro*! o3 ,on&en!e& w$+er Li>'i& 3$lling $+ $ngle '* +o 19 &egree! 3ro. ver+i,$lR$in 3$lling $+ $ngle '* +o @0 &egree! 3ro. ver+i,$l<ro+e,+ion $g$in!+ li>'i& !*l$! ing /$+er *roBe,+e& 1y no%%le 3ro. $ny &ire,+ion;on&i+ion! on ! i*! &e,k!I..er!ion in w$+erIn&e3ini+e i..er!ion in w$+er $! $gree& wi+ ,'!+o.er-

Explosion Protection Cate!or. Codin!

Explosion Protection Cate!or.

I

II 7 4 Ex eqm II TB

.ppro9e( to .7&? Directi9e $ro"p 226 8ategory 26 $@$as6 D@D"st

Explosion Protection Cate!or. Codin!+ Ex eqm II TB

AeB @ 2ncrease( 3a#ety 4=ri*ary =rotection +etho(5

A<B @ =ow(er Filling 4High Fre<"ency &lectronic >allast5 A*B @ &ncaps"lation 42solating De9ice5

Explosion Protection Cate!or.

II 7 4 Ex eqm II TB
, This means that the product has &een certified to ATEC 4irective Cate!or. 7 for as ? 4ust application and is suita&le , for use in zone 6 and zone 7 areas) , for use in as !roups IIA) IIB or IIC , and for !ases #ith i!nition temperatures classified as TB 'less than 6*D de!C(

ATEC versus CE;E/EC 'E;(

;E8ELE;
Zone 0 Zone 1 Zone =

ATED
;$+egory 1 ;$+egory = ;$+egory ?

=orld -tandards

European ? IEC American -tandards 9s

versus

:ethods %f Protection That 8Contain an Explosion9

:iniature Explosion Proof Housin!

:etal Explosion Proof Enclosure

T.pes of Protection and Explosion Protection -.m&ol

Exclusion of "uel "rom Atmosphere
, Pressurization Ex p

Ha3ar1ous %rea

;ature of Hazardous -u&stance C*( Gas Groups

(lass I ,est Gas %cetylene Hy1rogen or Gases o *4ui/> Ha3ar1 *t2ylene 6ropane Group % Group 0 Group ( Group D

5uali ying 6roperties ,+axi.u. *xplosion 6ressures ,(learance o (la.pe1 -oints

;EC Class I /ocations T Codes 'identification num&ers(

I&en+i3i,$+ion 8'.1er T1 T= T=A T=F T=; T=D T? T?A T?F T?; TA TAA T9 T@ G$5- Te.*Degree! ; A90 ?00 =:0 =@0 =?0 =19 =00 1:0 1@9 1@0 1?9 1=0 100 :9 G$5- Te.*Degree! F :A= 9C= 9?@ 900 AA@ A1H ?H= ?9@ ?=H ?=0 =C9 =A: =1= 1:9

Temperature Class
7e*perat"re 8lassi#ication o# Zone

.pparat"s 7e*perat"re 8lass

71 71 72 7/ 7E 7D 7F

72

7/

7E

7D

7F

Temperature Class
TG apparatus is suita&le for use in a TD) TB) etc$ to T6 areas T7 apparatus is suita&le for use in T7 and T6 areas onl.

Primar. Explosion Protection

Elimination of "uel
Oxygen

Fuel

Ignition Source

Primar. Explosion Protection

Elimination of %x.!en
Oxygen

Fuel

Ignition Source

=hat is the Classification of the Hazardous /ocation3

Class < T.pe of "uel Potentiall. Present
, Class I < ases) Eapors , Class II < I!nita&le 4usts , Class III < "i&ers ? "l.in!s

' ases or Eapors(

%pplications
Petrochemical 2efineries -teel :ills Chemical Plants %il ? as 'Production( -e#a!e Treatment

Tan1 "arm "uel -ervice Aircraft Han!ers Paint -pra. Po#er Plants

Class II 'I!nita&le 4usts(

%pplications
Pharmaceutical :ines rain -ilos Coal "ired Po#er Plants "ood Processin! '"lour) Cocoa) etc$( "ertilizer Plants :etal rindin! Pulp ? Paper

Class III '"i&ers ? "l.in!s(

%pplications
Textile :ills 2ope :anufacturin! /um&er ? -a# :ills Cotton ins Cotton -eed :ills "lax Processin! Plants

%ccurrence of Hazard
4ivision 6 0 Zone 5 and 6
, Hazardous -u&stance Present Under ;ormal Conditions$
Open Syste. Esing Fla..able Di4ui1 to +anu acture *n1 6ro1uct

4ivision 7 0 Zone 7
, Hazardous -u&stance Present %nl. Under A&normal Conditions$
(lose1 Syste. Storage ,anks

Principles Involved
/imitation of ener!. in s.stem to safe level

T.pes of Protection and Explosion Protection -.m&ol

Ener!. /imitation
, Intrinsic -afet. Ex i

Ex i < Intrinsic -afet. 'E; D5575(

Circuit is controlled to reduce potential spar1 ener!. to &elo# that #hich #ould i!nite an. flamma&le !as present$ Zenner &arriers are used to isolate the intrinsic circuit from non protected circuits This includes the occurrence of+<
, ia , i& < < 7 fault conditions 6 fault condition

Potentiall. Explosive Atmosphere

An area in #hich there can &e a flamma&le !as) liquid or vapour present at some point in time$

Hazardous Areas
An area containin! a potentiall. explosive atmosphere) #hich) if i!nited) could !ive rise to dama!e to propert. or in>ur. to persons$