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Basic Drilling Engineering

Contents
WHY WE DRILL PROSPECT SELECTION HISTORICAL BACKGROUND MODIFICATION IN DRILLING TYPES OF DRILLING WHAT ARE DIFFERENT WELL LOCATIONS IN TERMS OF DRILLING CONVENTINAL DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS RIG COMPONENTS ADVANCEMENT IN ROTARY DRILLING MUD TYPES & THEIR USAGE WHAT WE CALL A SUCCESSFUL DRILLING OPERATION

Why We Drill
TO KNOW THE SUB-SURFACE TO GET WATER FROM UNDERNEATH TO GET THE BLACK GOLD ( OIL ) & GAS

Prospect Selection
In case of Production wells, prospect selection is identified by the need to maintain or increase reservoir production Exploration wells require geological and geophysical data gathering, processing and evaluation Surface geological study Subsurface mapping Identification of structures e.g. anticlines, salt domes, fault traps, sand bodies lenses Seismic Evaluation

Historical Background
1808 PERCUSSION DRILLING BY CHINESE FIRST COMMERCIAL WELL CABLE TOOL PERCUSSION DRILLING WORLD DEEPEST WELL BY CABLE TOOL ( 7386 ft ) ROTARY DRILLING

1859 1918 1930

Modification In Drilling
Coil Tubing

Cable Tool

Rotary Drilling

BY THE PONDING ACTION OF THE DRILLING BITS

BY THE ROATARY ACTION OF THE DRILL BITS

USED FOR THE HORIZONTAL & MULTILATERAL DRILLING

What are the different Well Locations in terms of Drilling


Onshore and Offshore

Basic Drilling Rig Functions

HOISTING

DEERICK DRAW WORKS BLOCKS HOOK

ROTATING
ROTARY TABLE SWIVEL KELLY

Basic Drilling Rig Functions

CIRCULATING
PUMPS STAND PIPES SOLIDS CONTROL EQUIPMENT

CONTROLLING
BLOWOUT PREVENTOR CHOKE SYSTEM

Rig Components (Hoisting System)


DERRICK
The function of a derrick is to provide vertical clearance to the raising and lowering of drill string into and out of borehole Two type of Derricks Standard Derricks - it is of bolted construction and assembled part by part Mast a portable derrick, one capable of being erected as a unit

Rig Components (Hoisting System)


CROWN BLOCK
The fixed set of pulleys (called sheaves) located at the top of the derrick or mast over which the drilling line is threaded.

TRAVELLING BLOCK A pulley (sheave) assembly that connects the drilling line to the hook and swivel

Rig Components (Hoisting System)


DRAWWORKS
It is the control center from which the driller operates the rig. It contains clutches, chains and other controls It houses the drum which spools drilling line during hoisting and allows feed off during drilling

Rig Components (Rotating System)


KELLY
A Kelly is a square or hexagonal length of pipe that fits into a bushing in the rig's rotary table. As the rotary table turns to the right, the Kelly turns with it. The main function of a Kelly is to transfer energy from the rotary table to the rest of the drill string SWIVEL It suspends the drill string and allows rotation at the same time

RAT HOLE

ROTARY TABLE

KELLY

Rig Components (Rotating System)


DRILL PIPES
Drill pipe furnishes the necessary length for drill string and serves as a conduit for the drilling fluid

DRILL COLLARS
Provides weight and stability to the drill bit, maintain tension on the drill pipe and help keep the hole on a straight course

Rig Components (Rotating System)


HEAVY WALL DRILL PIPES provides additional hole stability and aids in directional control STABILIZERS centralize the drill collars, help maintain the hole at full-gauge diameter JARS provides sharp upward or downward impact to free stuck pipe REAMERS helps to maintain a full-gauge hole diameter CROSS OVER SUBS which join components having different types of connections.

Rig Components (Rotating System)


BITS
Most critical component in rotary drilling operations. Different types of bits

Two main type of bits:

Rolling cutter bits

- consist of cutting

elements arranged on cones (usually three cones, but sometimes two) that rotate on bearings about their own axis as the drill string turns the body of the bit. These bits can have teeth or buttons

Rig Components (Rotating System)


Fixed cutter bits - also known
as drag bits, consist of stationary cutting elements that are integral with the body of the bit and are rotated directly by the turning of the drill string. The principal types of fixed cutter bits are natural diamond polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC)

Circulating System

Rig Components (Circulating System)


MUD PUMPS
Their function is to circulate the drilling fluid at the desired pressure and volume The pump normally used for this service is reciprocating piston, double acting and duplex type

STANDPIPE
A rigid metal conduit that provides the highpressure pathway for drilling mud to travel approximately one-third of the way up the derrick where it connects to a flexible high-pressure hose (Kelly hose) Many large rigs are fitted with dual standpipes so that downtime is kept to a minimum if one standpipe requires repair

Rig Components (Power System)


PRIME MOVRES
These are used to supply power to drilling operations. These can be steam engines, electric motors, internal combustion engine The bulk of rig power is consumed in two operations namely circulation of fluid and hoisting

Rig Components (Controlling System)


BLOWOUT PREVENTER (BOP)
If the formation pressure is more than the imposed by drilling fluid, in this case formation fluids flow into borehole and eventually to the surface. This effect is called blowout The main function of blowout preventers is to close the annular space between the drill pipe and casing

ADVANCEMENTS IN ROTARY DRILLING


DIRECTIONAL DRILLING HORIZONTAL DRILLING MULTILATERAL DRILLING COIL TUBING DRILLING

Drilling Hazards
Tools dropped while drilling Pipe stuck Increased size of hole Lost circulation problems Sloughing shale

What we call a successful Drilling Operation

Through which we get our desired results without any accidents.

Quiz Test
Q.1 The first commercial well was drilled by

Q.2 write down the names of hoisting equipment

Q.3 What is the function of Derrick ?

Q.4 What is the Function of BOP ?

Q. 5 what is the Latest Technique of drilling?

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