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http://www.archive.org/details/historyofinsurrOOcall
TIEN TE
CHIEF OF
THE
INSURRECTION.
1IIST0RY
INSURRECTION IN CHINA;
WITH NOTICES OF THE
CHRISTIANITY, CREED,
AND
franslaier
from
ifjc
Jxmxlr,
WITH
THE
MOST
By
JOHN OXENFORD.
WITH A FACSIMILE OF A CHINESE MAP OF THE COURSE OF THE INSURRECTION, AND A PORTRAIT OF TIN-T, ITS CHIEF.
SECOND EDITION.
LONDON:
SMITH,
ELDER &
BOMBAY
:
CO.,
65,
CORNHILL.
81
&
l(i
Victoria,
c.
12.
London
Printed by
PREFACE.
The
them unknown
to the world of
M.
and
after-
There
is
no preface
which
to inform us
is
we may
fairly
conjecture that
the
narrative
be-
interspersed to
M.
Callery.
IV
PREFACE.
If these gentlemen had merely
made use of
archives
their
opportunities
of consulting the
of
their
embassies
to
reduce
quantity of fragmentary
which we receive
it.
all
more than
dry
this
they
have
narrative
of the
lively
have introduced so
many
book has
all
it
gives a novel,
instructive,
manners generally.
MM.
Callery and
Yvan
oc-
that has
Nankin,
it
has been
deemed
advisable
to
add a
This sup-
light
on the
PREFACE.
adopted
the monosyllabic
elements
of
hyphen
An
would
To
Teh "
into
" Ch," of
of initial
"Ou"
into
W"
of dis-
tinguishing provinces
With
it
should be remarked,
indicates its capture
town
by the insurgents.
J. O.
CONTENTS.
Page
last
1
Chapter
I.
The Emperor Tao-kouangthe years of his reign .18 Accession of the Emperor Hin-foung III. The new Emperor and the old Ministers First news
II.
. .
of the Insurrection
IV.
The
Kouang-Si
The
Miao-tee
...... ......
The Insurgents
26
44
VI.
The
The
Viceroy in
71
.
VII.
.89
.
VIII.
IX.
the insurgents
at
104
Chinese
the
Insurrection
Ha-Nan
In122
Hou-Nan and
Hou-P
official
X.
The
envoys
Confession
136
New
successes of the
Vlll
CONTENTS.
Page
Chapter
Revolt in FormosaThe Lin family The god Kouan An aquatic assault XII. The regatta of Tchang-Cha The descendants of Confucius How to make money Ou-Tchang
XI.
152
and Han-Yang
XIII.
169
Decree The
five
Ou-Tchang
Siu
187
poisoned
Punishment of
Chinese
kings Organization of the insurgent army A word about Nankin 203 XV. Proclamation of the Empress Disgrace of Siu 224 XVI. Taking of Nankin Imperial edicts Insurrectionary proclamations Attitude of the Europeans Pro-
XIV.
234
XVII. State
of parties in China
SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER.
Sir
Interview of Mr. Meadows Sir George Bonham's account Religious ideas of the insurgents " The Trimetrical Classic" Mr. Meadows' account of the
with the insurgent chiefs at Nankin
in.
Capture of Amoy
288
POSTSCRIPT.
Proceedings of the insurgents at Amoy, Nankin, and Chin-
camp
Latest advices
.......
322
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M
HI.
THE
INSUKRECTION IN CHINA.
CHAPTER
The Emperor Tao-kouang
I.
The
all
Chinese insurrection
towards
its
proposed end
the
attain
;
Will
it
This
all
we who
interested in
West
come when
things,
may,
will essentially
In such a state of
we have deemed
it
opportune to write a
to give
an idea of the
threatenino; invasion
and to follow
it
its
course through
To
shall
throw a
first
light
This monarch,
in 1780,
and who
Emperor Kia-king.
age
weak incapable
name.
This
An
in his
person,
Lin-king,
eunuch of the
The
no ob-
The
authority of Lin-king
office.
was boundless.
imperial family,
He
disposed of every
The
bowed
before him.
Nor
did this
The
indirect exercise of
CONSPIRACY OF LIN-KING.
power emboldened
to the throne
hira
to
desire
the sovereign
military mandarins.
with so
much
Pekin suspected
in the least.
One
sons,
day,
when
the
his
those
knew were
entirely devoted
was
to
kill
the
The plan of the first eunuch Emperor and the princes of the
to the
by
his eldest
and followed by
mandarins.
and
military
tal closed
to his cohorts,
who
moment, the
first
son of
his
When
Pekin
alone.
He
was in
out being recognised. The greatest agitation alreadyprevailed in the principal quarter, and he only re-
By
the aid of
and reached
left
The
first
eunuch had
could
now
see that
He
approached
still
nearer, unobserved
among
quite alone
among
so
many enemies he
Tearing
his
off the
dress, to
use them
he loaded the
his
belt,
fowling-piece
which he carried in
and
dead on the
spot.
The
soldiers
troops
were thrown
into
disorder.
fled,
The
all
and
the
The
prince returned
rebels,
ACCESSION OP TAO-KOUANC.
Tao-kouang ascended the throne
he had married a Tartar
large feet.
in
1820.
Acwith
;
woman
a
to
woman
any children
differ-
they have
all
the
at all affect
During the
Tao-kouang
guardians of
Chinese traditions.
Every
conservative party
it
tees
that the
government
is
entrusted.
But when
ment of
the
moment
really dangerous.
may be
per-
The agents
ideas,
of Taofilled
and
At
a later
same
spirit
of which
we
In
fact,
the two
last
quarter of a
century
namely,
of
all
revolt in the
Kouang-si
have
In
spite
the
movement
of the
West; and
dear, afforded
Be-
fore proceeding
we
will briefly
set forth
struggle.
By
virtue of
its
Company enjoyed
have
founded,
beyond the
of
their
own
and extensive
empire
It
will
easily
be
when
difficulties
arose
between
com-
mercial
interests,
made but
feeble
protestations
against pretensions
The
representatives of the
Company
late acquired
namely,
Sir
John Davis
was
more distinguished
When
the
expired in 1834,
exclusive privileges
and
all
now
a right
to
trade with
China.
Some
years
to
afterwards,
the
in other words,
For
this
purpose
services
he had
ac-
mandarin of
will,
knowledged integrity
severity
and
inflexible
whose
to
was
somewhat
barbarous,
came
the
capital of the
official,
two Kouangs
to replace a faithless
tages,
had closed
of the
at
the
arrival of the
new
8
nities,
years of age
he wore the
whom
he had to
such
and
delicate
questions.
So
for such a
wound on men devoted solely to commercial interests. But when Lin came sudcontact with the representatives of
its
denly into
government jealous of
a rock
which he
a
little
expected.
As
man
Thanks
the fear
and above
all
to
which he
inspired, he
to the Chinese
The
Red
degree of
dignity.
The
and of
different colours, to
the back as a sign of various degrees of merit, was an invention of the Tartar dynasty.
J. O.
VIOLENCE OF LIN.
stantly chased
Celestial
iJ
by the custom-liouse
officers
of the
gerous
this
first
success, he wished,
to strike a
One
the
by troops
and
English,
American,
and
Parsee
merchants,
learned,
prisoners,
that
all the opium " they had on board the receiving ships " in default
right.
it
were wrong
in the
right suffered in
No
opinion could be
more
The English
coast of France
laid
and we have
principle
am
aware,
down
the
that
we can
seize
and
10
band goods.
island
To
proceed,
however
when
Lin
more
from the
efficacious
of
the
Canton customs),
authority of Lin.
In
this
to Captain Elliot,
forces
pened
to
be at Macao.
assistance.
his
country-
men
at once,
and
after
make a
political
question of
difficulty.
been a commercial
He
and
Queen's
this
de-
mand.
He
MODERATION OF KI-CHAN.
rares
11
given up.
As Captain
the
Elliot
had not
Chinese
troops,
he gave
up the prohibited
be dug, and the
article.
pits to
In
sailed
up the
river of
forts,
banks on each
side,
san (Chusan).
When news
was
Ki-chan
was an
intelligent
He
saw at
As
;"
down by the
" barbarians
trous
that
is
to say,
12
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
Emperor
it
for sanction,
with indignation.
recalled,
and underwent
He
his property
was
r
sold, his
house
w as razed
fortunes,
he was exiled to
the
remotest part of
Tartary.
which the
Celestial
Emperor
Chinese people.
The lower
is
neces-
manVoyage au
Thibet," by
MM. Hue
and Gabet
him
at Lassa,
travellers.
A mandarin
in
the government of Canton, and brought back with him the treaty which his predecessor had concluded, torn.
Hostilities
were renewed
the
at once.
the result of
English
expedition.
TREATY OF NANKIN.
into the hands of the English,
13
who
at last compelled
Nankin a treaty, by which they ceded Hong-Kong to the " barbarians ;" opened
the Chinese to sign at
to
coast of the
concluded
by
Ki-in,
another
member
whom we were
political friend
intimately acquainted.
He
was the
member
These two persons were unquestionvery probable that the " Son of
Tao-kouang.
It
is
He
by the pleaand
invincible,
that
if
charitably bestowed on
At
and
all
ratified,
came
He
14
We
should
add that
gressive
new
conservatives,
of
of tempo-
Thousands of
quote one of
placards held
We
all
show
and
evil passions,
belong to
countries and
all races.
the acts
For
five
years to
it
will
mourn the
go.
**
humiliation
In the
fifth
moon
many
in the
their bodies
river,
and buried
authorities
have
never
these
treated
these of
affairs
;
heard
foreign
them
they
upon
;
devils
as
they
dogs
life
of
men
MILITARY REFORM.
15
They
affair
persist
is
in
of what
deserves.
Thou;
sands of people
and their
woes in
&c, &c."
The Emperor,
him
to to
satisfied
Pekin
raise
to confer to the
new
dignities
him
hio-hest offices.
He
tchang-ha.
effect several
The
first
was directed
to
Homeric heroes with bows and arrows, or encumbered with old-fashioned matchlocks, could not cope with the European troops,
Chinese
soldiers,
armed
like the
this
grotesque
subject a
mode
very
We
find
on
this
ministry of Ki-in.
The
point
is
the substitution of
with a match.
We
she
"I
respectfully report,
Ma-
16
make an experiment
in
made
been
such
my
department,
these
weapons have
as
found admirably
efficient.
Nevertheless,
their
similar in
mechan-
Hence they
ready for use at a moment's notice. " For the manufacture of detonating powder and
cattis
cattis of
quired
sent to me.
and
re-
newed when
necessary, in order to
meet the
exi-
made
"
first
A year
now
all
the
artificers,
officers,
and
have
We,
therefore, pray
your Majesty to
PROSPECTS OP 1850.
17
grant to each of them the reward which his meritorious efforts deserve.
lish
an edict
is
setting
the
Mantchou
name
which
to
Thus
in the last
movement,
Avhile the
conciliatory spirit of
the
the
relations
with
foreigners.
pirates, to the
advantage
suspicious
junk made
they ran
it
down at once. In fact, all was going on when an unexpected event changed the
aspect of
affairs.
18
CHAPTER
Accession of the
II.
Emperor Hin-foung.
On
Pekin were obstructed by a dense throng of mandarins of the inferior orders, and servants in white
dresses and yellow girdles,
who spoke
grief
this
in a whisper,
official
on their coun-
In the midst of
ocean of subalterns
were stationed sixteen persons, each accompanied by a groom, who held a horse saddled and bridled.
These
sixteen
persons
wore
the
satin cap
tied
ball
;
hung with
slung
in
bells
a tube of a yellow
colour
ders,
was
diagonally
their
over
their
shoul-
One
these
palace,
and
with his
men
D!
Mil
OF TAO-KOUANG.
19
seal of the
Emperor.
vcoive
it,
The sixteen, after bowing to swung round the tube, which with
of
its
the exception
yellow
colour
perfectly
soldiers,
rere-
sembled the
tin
cylinders in
which
In
this
they
after
which
them on
their thighs.
When
they were
at
full
These sixteen horsemen, who are called Fei-ma, or " flying couriers," had each of them to
or sixty leagues French.
Their
office
was
general
of the
Celestial
notice
in
great
teenth of the
mounted on a dragon, departed to the ethereal regions. At the hour mao in the morning, his
Celestial
the hour ha, he set off for the abode of the gods.
"
It
is
be immediately resumed by
20
civil
shall
the
subsequent decree
will
make
known
ing."
Thus
it
The
son
;
sceptre was to be wielded by his fourth but the " Son of Heaven " had departed from
ancient usage,
by appointing
his heir
by word of
mouth.
be opened
However, even
is
in
China the
last will of
deceased monarch
we
of
may
the
find
there,
as
old adage,
lion."
"
dog
is
better than a
dead
The
Empire
offers several
humous
orders of the
Emperor
it
AN ANCIENT ANECDOTE.
21
men were
constructing on
He
an experienced
and the
most
illustrious
While the imperial prince and three hundred thousand men were working at
in their narratives, the old
much lengthened
Emto
peror Tsin-che-houang
took
it
into
his
head
the
tombs
of
his
predecessors
Chuen
and Yu.
The
latter is the
Deucalion of Chinese
is
mythology,
neration.
and
his
memory
Tsin-che-houang performed
this
long journey,
accompanied
by
his
second
son,
Hou-ha,
old
and
The
Emperor
He
haste to the
news of
and
The
whose
office
was
to
22
it
the crown-prince
of the
empire,
fabricated
it
for that
In
this
who accompanied
him, to
kill
themselves,
by way of
On
the
Emperor
but to
Emperor
and
the
young
princes,
might not of
who had remained in the capital, their own accord proclaim the heir,
The eunuch therefore contrived this stratagem. The body, wrapped in sumptuous raiment, and in the
same attitude
as
during
life,
was placed
in a litter
could alone
approach
it,
alight-
At meal times, the procession stopped for a moment to take in the food, which was consumed by a man placed in a litter by the
;
AN ANCIENT ANECDOTE.
23
send
forth
summer, and the corpse soon began a most intolerable stench, which
terrible
truth,
had not
new
expedient.
He
sent
professedly issued
take
Formerly
had
been severely prohibited on account of the offenThe oysters, which in sive nature of the wares.
Chinese are called pao-yu, are the enormous shellfish to
The
oyster-dealers
and consequently
imperial
procession, sending
defied the
exhalations
halations
among
it.
which surrounded
litter
In
the
this
manner
amid
the
the
imperial
reached
capital
multitude.
24
sures
at
once.
Having gained
the
soldiers,
over
the
high
functionaries
and
they
announced
new Emperor.
While
all
this
was going on
at
commanded
rules of
them
to
to kill themselves.
The
sound policy to
300,000
order generals
men
that
to die
by
their
providing
opinion
successors,
and
he
of
the
imperial
edict
was a
forgery.
filial
him
and
The
accession of Hin-foung
such disastrous
circumstances,
father
which
who
if
are formalists
by nature, attach
the throne without
great importance.
opposition,
He mounted
we have
and
Prince Fou-sou,
the reader
it is
how
is
easily the
ACCESSION OF IIIEN-FOUNG
struo-jrle
25
The the law of succession to the throne. new Emperor, according to custom, abandoned the name he had hitherto borne, and took that of Hinfoung, which signifies " Complete Abundance."
26
CHAPTER
The new Emperor and the
III.
old Ministers
Insurrection.
After
follows
:
We
affairs
we do
journalists,
who
to the feelings
which
We,
on the other
no
more than a
ceal
inheriting
absolute
power, and
an old
man whose
reign
had been checquered by events of incalculable import, appeared to us a severe test for the destinies of
STATE OF TARTIES.
the empire.
It
27
was
and
to be feared that he
would only
own age
it
in
same
political opinions.
They
profess
countries.
The
seem
to
them
duction
among themselves
habit,
is
followed by
new man-
by
usages.
him, often
and France
unjustly cast
similar
down from
his
high
position, expressed
opinions to
MM. Hue
The
him
this
accession
The
now crumbling,
it
would
raise
23
capital of the
two Kouangs.
On
who was
opium
had done
in India, the
Dutch
In monarchical countries
especially
where the
monarchy
dreams.
is
absolute
the beginning
realized,
is
of a
new
reign
and ambitious
Everybody prepossessed
it
with his
own
when
sovereign will
is all
that
an end.
own system of politics would be established. In the mean while the young Emperor lived,
its
surrounded by a troop of
flatterers,
eunuchs, and
whose
the
domain
never
walks
cities.
He
passed
the
limits
of
those
gardens,
FALL OF
colours
;
TIIE
OLD MINISTERS.
29
and
it
altogether absorbed
and
Poli-
began to
;
long period
of inaction
forth.
when
The
absolute
power exerted
the
moment
elevations,
that triumphed.
The Moniteur
of Pekin contained
To employ men
is
of merit, and to
worthy,
the
is
first
any
indulgence
shown
ment
power.
" The
injuries
its
functionaries, have
now
limit.
;
The Government
the
is
the
and
burden of
it
all
these calamities
falls
upon me
Nevertheless
my
ministers to
render
me
me
in
" Mou-tchang-ha,
has enjoyed the confidence of several Emperors, but he has taken no account of the difficulties of his
office,
30
or of his
THE INSURRECTION
obligation
to
IN CHINA.
the
the
On
it,
men
he has only
employed
make
my
views accord with his own. " One of the acts which most kindled indigna-
tion,
was
his
removal from
office
of those
men who
political opinions
with himself, at
when
the
Ta-houng-ha
and
Yao-joung,
fidelity
till
who
dead to
all virtue,
and
whom
his inicpuities,
he was not
satisfied till
he had raised
him
made use
last
" The
just
himself to suspect
men
on
31
his
is
there
However,
his
audacity was increased by his impunity, and the continuation of the imperial favour
;
this
day his conduct has been unchanged. u At the beginning of our reign, whenever we had
occasion to ask his advice, he either gave
vocal terms, or
it
in equiafter-
was
silent.
few months
When
the
own
policy prevail,
We cannot
schemes.
"
When
any employ
Lin
He
;
we may
not see
what
is
going on without
and
it is
" As
32
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
While he was
at
Was
shown
"
On
fully
informed
him from
office,
when
how
how
ne-
cessary
would be
if
to
come
to a speedy understandarose.
any difference
He
thought
we
did not
know
;
his treason,
easily deceive us
more evident did his depravity become, and his discourse was no more in our ears than the barking of a
mad
dog.
He
miseration.
33
were pal-
the world
If
we do
all
how
are
we
to
stitutions of the
empire
How
will our
example
? is
an
who
goes
We
wish,
be simply deprived of
be recalled to any
his rank,
office hereafter.
;
we wish
graded to the
fifth
" The
selfish
throughout
the empire.
Nevertheless
we have
treated
to
them
used.
condemning them
capital
we have D
34
all
was not
till
after
mature
reflection,
willingly
to
a decision which
pensable.
"
May
all
the
civil
and military
officers
of the
capital
empire with-
difficulties
promote the welfare of the people, let him make it known without reserve. No one should be guided
by
his
attachment to his
political master, or
by
his
and
we
take
empire
may
it.
Kespect
this
moon
Novem-
ber 1850)."
This document
is
it
dated
in
kouang, although
cessor.
was promulgated by
To
should
be observed, that the whole of the year in which an emperor dies is considered by Chinese chronologists
to belong to his reign.
TITE
35
We
cruelly
should
now
so
degraded,
confi-
whom
he
that he
;
summit of greatness
and that
sovereign had
when he
Empress- dowager.
The
selected from
fanatical enemies of
the Europeans, and employed every effort to destroy the effect which a contact with " barbarians " might
new monarch.
Shortly
nounced
ties,
this insurrection.
Marvels preceded
sort of prestige,
by
among
the
began
in 1851,
fixed
by prophecy
It
last
for
the restoration
was
emperor
had preserved
his
36
prophesied that he
the throne.
At
the beginning of
marched under
this
and the
fact
was not
at all questioned
by the people.
We have
The
own
eyes
many
it is
representative
is laid
in the tomb.
people
still
Don
was
A general
public mind.
The movement was so manifest, that, in the month of August 1850, the following article was published
in
an English journal
" 24th August.
Under the
powerful influence of
the
men
37
are
directions.
The new
principles
is
rapidly
by
of
civil
war.
Among
is
Pekin there
diffused over
at the
most
of
empire.
The work
first
commenced
it is
in the province of
comonly
among
Government
to display the
means
which it has at its disposal for its " Hitherto the rebels have triumphed over every
self preservation.
obstacle
and their
chief,
who
takes the
title
of
revolutionary
movement
is
all
the con-
38 have
At
the same
cause
their passage is
marked by
pillage,
murder,
conflagration,
and
all
are
taken by storm
afflicted
have given no
been the
first
to suffer
The
lettered
power
to
check them.
societies,
late
which pro-
ber
is
forced to
make oath
that he will do
in his
power
and pursue
this noble
undertaking until
this
its
end
is
attained.
" While
work of regeneration
is
wisdom
While
'
monarch answers by that of ' Resistance and to that natural movement of mind which has brought China into the path of progress, he opposes a factitious
movement
to force
it
39
Can
avc
be astonished,
?
falls in
If so,
will only
have
itself to
We
with what
shade
motion.
art they
make use
of a personage in the
who never
men
is
in
of their boyhood.
He
is
of a middle height,
and
his
exercises.
He
is
His
face,
is
by a very high
forehead, and
by an almost
cheek
bones
His
are
very prominent,
and
is
strongly
large and
is
marked.
flat,
The
Hin-foung
of
In the midst
already
married.
The Empress
which
is
and
fragile
gracefulness
belong
to
the
small-footed
Chinese women.
The Emperor
40
women
not above
twenty-three years
of rest have
of age;
want
grave
He
life,
is
and only
is
to
persons of
of saffron,
provinces.
In stature he
than Hin-foung
but he
indicated
by
their
physical
The
in his
of haughty Tin-t,
human
soul,
and to unmask
rather
orders.
designs.
He commands
directly
by
suggestions
than
by
giving
of a
man who
As
41
is
an account
one of the numerous cities of which his troops have taken possession: K The cortge of the new Emperor recalled to
represented
in
my
are
persons
tail,
the
Tartar
yoke.
The
and allowed
open in
front.
None
thumb
ring,
which our
mandarins
wear
in
with so
much
satin,
ostentation.
a magnificent
palanquin,
by curtains of yellow
his tutor, placed
came that of
on the
Then came
his thirty
multitude of
peculiarities of the
who now
a comparison between
deficient in qualities
them we
which
Hin-foung, in-
summoned
to
42
direct
of which are
worn
know how
to
is
his due.
He
is
does not
know how
whose
fate
his
make,
never
give
advice
which
wholly dis-
interested.
At
The
manifestations
of
his
some insinuation,
so
perfidious or otherwise
and even in
many
political
he has only
Whether
43
mysterious councillor
Violence
is
foreign
all
to the
lie speaks on
monarch whose
officers
rival
he has become.
Surrounded by
is
who
better
and the
his
discipline of his
influ-
governmental
ence.
cities
staff is
under
own immediate
advance,
AVhile
his
generals
conquering
remains in
territory, he
But he
is
a distance
of the
44
CHAPTER
The Kouang-Si
IV.
Insurgents during the
The
Miao-tze
The
year 1850.
The
This
province, which
under the
and forms
It
is
is
of
a governor-general,
It
is
a mounthe
covered
summits and
vegetation.
declivities of
The numerous
of rounded form,
which
rise
The mountains
of
Empire, and
all
45
soil,
According to native
travellers, these
masses take
chance
of
mistake,
;
times an elephant
We have
and
The
is
singularly
to
by Chinese But their landscapes always appear strange European eyes the inaccessible mountains,
:
which
caprices
of
human
to
gigantic
animals
the
rivers,
which
fall
into
abysses,
crossed
by impassable
bridges
all
these
Charming
and
its
as it
is,
the country
is
extremely poor,
fertility.
If the Creator
foot of these
at the
46
merous torrents which flow from the heights might have been turned to useful account. But the soil is
only suited to certain kinds of cultivation, and
only-
produces a few
plains of the
articles of luxury.
It is
on the broad
Kouang-Toung
If
we study
the
map
of the
in
going on,
we
ing for his starting point this barren and mountainous country.
The poverty
of the inhabitants
was
who
Moreover, the
which we find
its
throughout the
district,
are favourable to
defence.
Heaven" would require an army twenty times more numerous, and means of attack
of
The "Son
now
disposal,
to
natural intrenchments.
which the
ants
of
the
Iberian
Both
47
and animated
by the same
spirit
of independence.
After centuries
of occupation, the
Tartars have
been unable to
A
soil,
The
hills
that
thrive.
The
sure concealed
mum
from
Commerce
anise,
derives
namon and
the
but also
the essential
oils,
distillation
The
;
oil
is
of the customs
official
is
48
We
Chinese
soil
of the
Kouang-Si abounds
This natural
which greatly
At
monument.
The workmen
many
feet,
by our
These
be very heavy
tiferous
lead,
they were, in
of
surprising
fact,
lumps of argenIt
richness.
was by
Whether
works
will
this
it
deserved
to be recorded
by those
writers of legends,
whose
mandarins.
We
As
if to
THE MIAO-TZE.
49
Norway.
month of August, 1850, that the journals of Pekin first made mention of the Chinese
It
was
in the
insurrection.
According
mountains.
and from
it
all
the
But
was
must
an
also
be
of
highway
robber,
admirable
organization
of
an insurrectionary
army.
The
insurgents at
first
were
in
no hurry to conto
among
the mountains
continuing to recruit
their army,
We
should here
as Miao-tze.
would be
difficult to
we
did
50
us to dinner
company with MM. Ferrire and D'Harcourt. The young and elegant minister of the Celestial Empire
occupied at Canton the pagoda of Foung-lin-miao
;
and
it
this
he received
by
personage
rise
Kouangare
Their
own
roof.
In general the
They
are
an intrepid
danger.
and reckless of
The Tartars have never been able to reThey have always duce them to submission.
preserved the ancient national dress, have never
always repelled
the
the
mandarins
THE MIAO-TZE.
the Chinese.
blished fact,
51
is
Their independence
now an
is
estaleft
and
in our
maps
their country
submit to the
them was
in the reign of
Kiu-loung
but in spite of
was necessary
to
give
up
all
idea of subduing
till
the mountaineers.
From
that period
to tranquillity;
when
of Emperor, clothed
him
in a yellow robe
and made
the
an irrup-
devastated.
ness.
hordes.
Our troops were beaten by these savage The Miao-tze were too warlike to be conThe Emperor
sent skilful diplomatists,
who
advantages, to disband
" But do
the plains
in
?"
asked one of us
established
the end
some
with
the
Chinese?"
52
THE INSURRECTION
" The Miao-tze
IN CHINA.
replied
Houang
They
cultivate the
forests
mountain
rice,
by
their independence,
labourer.
They
is
sell to
who
visit
them
by
felled,
and which
floated
down
Their
confined to the
interchange of part of their produce for the manufactured articles of which they stand in need.
It
is
The Chinese call the Miao-tze c men-dogs, menThey believe that they have a tail, and wolves.' state that when a child is born, the soles of its feet are cauterized to harden them, and render them in(t
capable of fatigue.
tions.
fic-
The Miao-tze
and
race,
becoming more
civilized.
During the
presided,
literary
three
their degrees
a circumstance which
never occurred
before."
THE VICEROY
giu.
53
Kouang-
By
not to proclaim this alliance, for fear of alarming the people of the towns,
who
upon the
our-
Miao-tze as barbarians.
we have
the
first
months
1850 in the
south-west of
the Kouang-Toung.
their hands
The
first
towns which
fell
into
Ho one
of the most
and
degree persisted in
uvres
Governorhead of
irreso-
The
titulary
Siu,
was an
When
would be accused of
54
the rebels.
however,
The
flight,
cades,
capital, the
new
successes
a daily bulletin
of the advantages
Two
rebel chiefs,
Tchang-
Son of
Heaven" nearly
the throne.
all
perished in the
field.
whom
they
The
insurgents, emboldened
Kouang-Toung.
they met
a
The
rebels
tactics,
At
this
moment two
importat the
one
faithful
to
his
retrograde
who was
living in retire-
ment
in a
Fou-Tcheou,
Our
readers will no
this
austere
mandarin,
conscientious
barbarian,
who had
opium destroyed
his
set
for
the
province
he
to
reduce.
The
much
less
generally supposed.
tribe.
With
posses-
government
is all
There
therefore,
no difference between
us,
who
we have
taken,
56
TUE INSURRECTION
officials
IN CHINA.
collect the taxes.
and the
sent from
Pkin to
fair alike.
Why
!
then,
?
How
Have
the
collect the
who
while we,
little
and
possession
only gives
right
govern."
first political
act of the
when the moment of revolution has arrived, circulate among the masses, as if they had a presentiment of what was about to happen. At the commencement of the insurrection, the
Anglo-Chinese press was divided into two
parties.
One looked upon the insurgents ready to lay down their arms as
filled
as
mere robbers,
the
their
pockets,
or perhaps
other,
army
by dexterous
DEATH OF
chiefs,
LIN.
57
in
Neither of
than
in
Europe,
on
pure
water
it
and
patriotic
must be con-
must apideas,
peal to elevated
sentiments,
and generous
the
by which,
as
isolated
individuals,
members
moved.
little
The
Si
Kouang-
true significance.
By
avowed that
Mantchous,
public
to expel the
of the
Now,
value
Celestial
latter
consideration
was not
of
without
the
in
the
eyes
,
of
the
politicians
Empire.
1850.
The
old
mandarin died
as
he was proceeding to
the
his post, at
Tchao-Tcheou-Fou, in
Toung.
province of Kouangage,
He
and
58
His death
cast a
man had
supported to his
59
CHAPTER
Protestations
V.
Secret
The
At
this
time every
liability
becomes
affairs
:
due,
everybody
completely
settles
his
for
money.
There
is
does not
make up
his accounts,
terminated.
Now,
at
in the
month
of the
to
Celestial
those
previously acquired.
business
went on
in a
now rendered
was begun on a
60 grand
It
of the
Kouangpurposes.
Toung had
own commercial
to light,
it
When
came
far
was found
that the
importance
also to
" This
revolt
may be
the
commencement of a revolution
;
but we say
let
us wait
"
war
long
to the death.
It
well
known
is
61
subjects.
Now
oft'
the insurgents, to
allowed their
joined the
who
insurrectional
off the
chang
and the Tartar tunic, and should wear the robe open
in the front that their ancestors
of the Mings.
The mere
which
it
requires no
courage to perform.
Cut-
was necessary,
to
at
any
pi'ice,
to
reani-
and
for
this
purpose a crafty
It
the imperial
commissioners
though
it
always
tell
the truth
"We
lies
Our
fami-
we have
practised
virtue,
but in consequence
62
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
We came
to the
Kouang-Si
like
If,
in search of a residence,
and there we
distressed
however,
we have
like him,
When we
are
;
and our
seeing
relatives,
we
filled
but when a
wind
Still,
us,
from
that
his Imperial
is
past.
the same
dew
why
?
should not
life
man endowed
to
those
who implore
commiseration
we
we
shall
we
any humand
if
ble condition
to appoint
we
commit any
lash
we
shall willingly
submit to the
wishes, which
faces prostrate
we communicate
on the ground.
shall
If this proceeding
offends you,
we
and trembling."
NEW COMMISSIONER
IN
THE KOUANG-SI.
63
who
perfectly
knew
document
to authenticity, appointed a
new Imperial
Kouangs.
him chained
to
made
it
events
fell
upon
Siu, the
many
this accusation,
While the Imperial Commissioner was drawing up Siu was writing to his young master Kouang-Si had been occaby the incapacity of the old Governor of the
want of
intelligence, his presumption,
sioned
and
disorders.
The young Emperor, who, between tory reports, did not know where
adopted a middle course.
these contradic-
He
same thing as
64
satisfied
Notwithstanding
in
this
punishment,
of
Siu
was maintained
Kouangs.
the
Government
the
two
shall
many mandarins
China,
is
virtue, but
and
still
by
his
military courage.
The
will
little
The conquerors
his
1,000
taels
(nearly
8,000 francs,
or 3207.)
who new
the
The unfortunate
pawnbroker was
taxed
taels.
this
amount of 3,000
*
who
J. O.
UPROAR AT LO-NGAN.
The pawnbroker, who was a man of
ence in his
those
locality,
65
great influ-
was enraged
at being pillaged
by
who ought
to
He
was followed
an-
by
influence
cestors
of their
speeches,
swore by their
that the
reign of the
forth at
an end.
The
inhabitants threw
chang,
tail,
after
These came
massacred.
and the
remained inactive,
or, at
any
rate, did
not
In
the
mean
while, the
the
This magical
we have
it
Tao-se,*
who endowed
*
A priest of the
sect of
Tao. J. 0.
66
It
is
and
to
appears probable
On
news
is
Tcheou-Fou
is
in their
power
who was
established himself
at Kou-Lin,
rebels, together
as his lieutenant,
in China,
that
ferocious
To
We
own The
had
with our
horrible.
most
operation, performed
left
by clumsy exe-
cutioners,
hideous traces.
The
flesh
was
much more
much
art.
like a
gaping
of those seams
EXECUTIONS IN CANTON.
67
to the post
The appointment
However,
it
of this terrible
man
his
In conformity with the same system of measures were adopted towards the
policy, rigorous
The
authorities of
the State.
Were
these
unhappy persons
?
really consort of
demned
In China a
preventive justice
exigencies of the
for other
exercised.
According to the
occasion,
individuals
condemned
whom
terror,
these
may
think the
culprits
are
suffering
the
numerous
the
in China,
interior
of the
In
Singapore,
Penang,
Batavia,
and
These
Manilla,
adepts of
the secret
societies
of the
Chinese empire.
68
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
known
object
He
The
association.
We
large
were
feet,
received
by a young
her
woman with
in
and with
fashion,
head
dressed
the
usual
Chinese
in
with
silver
her hair,
and
attired in a
of deep blue.
We
went
though
must be observed the garrets in this country are on the first floor. The merchant had
it
scabbards.
in
China
at
When we
Chinese
its
friend
throw
himself into
69
we asked him
if
he had
At
Who
these
;
can say
gigantic
Persabres
their
haps
are
at
in
this
very
moment
of
laid
the
hands
the rebels
perhaps
The nomination of
To
and
vauntings
by proclaiming an emperor of
called Tin-t, that
is
own,
whom
they
Hitherto
the
insurgents had
merely expressed
now
!
horrible to say
clothed
name
him
in
Soon the
;
Thanks
to this
circum-
70
stance,
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
we
portrait of Tin-t.
It is
We
can
now duly
all,
first
For a
his
Mings was
still
in ex-
Now
show him
to the people.
is
en-
it is
71
CHAPTER
The Revolt
in the
VI.
in the
The
civil
rebellion
war.
and the
now decidedly took the character of a The Court of Pekin was in consternation, young Emperor resolved to send to the
theatre of war,
men
of
whom
he
had personal
fidelity
In
May
little
Formosa
he
European
transport-ship.
As
72
began
and, in
their hyperbolic
insurrection of the
Kouang-Si
called
by the
Empire.
At
more or
less military
though
it
must be confessed
satis-
faction of seeing
state
the soldiers,
by the Hou-Nan.
qualification in all
About
late,
this
It
and that
was
73
was a Protestant.
which the Christian
Not wishing
isting
we
is
shall
name
by
in
the Pretender,
purely pagan.
The rumour
hatred of
the
Emperor
latter
against
the
Christians,
by representing the
to be ene-
By
a less
the insurgents had announced their intention of expelling the Europeans from the five ports as soon as
Thus
hoping
gain
the rebels.
At
this juncture
new
74
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
Tcheou-Fou,
chief
town of
the
sea.
This
what
to be dreaded
that
they contem-
At the same time troubles arose in another part of the Kouang-Toung. The inhabitants of the districts of Nan-Ha and Toung-Kouan refused to pay the taxes. The Emand Siu,
in faithful execution
Siu suspected
be one
and
to
be assured of the
to
he
ordered
the the
two
un-
corpses
be brought to him.
When
districts
to
ill-starred
his palanquin,
which they
to pieces
A LITERARY PUNISHMENT.
likewise, if he
75 they
On
Siu at
bellious
flicted is
last
districts.
in-
Not-
withstanding the
difficulties of
literary examinations
would take
;
but that
be excluded.
tricts
He
men
of intelligence
who ought
country
;
been more
were present.
have been
still
The number
larger,
of candidates would
had
it
diffi-
districts of
Nan-
They
and
are intersected
in
every direction
of
by
canals,
there
is
no cessation
abun-
dant
harvests.
76
rowed by
which,
sails
made of
so
reeds,
pass
through
of
rice
like
many gigantic fans. Nowhere in the world has human industry produced more splendid results, or
accumulated more
agricultui-al wealth.
intel-
to
Only one
small
fact
was known
for certain.
The Tartar
army
who, contrary to
smart
Many
new
march
Sam-koua, formerly a
Hong
merchant, and
now
prefect of Shang-Ha,
was des-
Nan
mind
Siu himself,
and
set off
DANGER OF
at the
SIU.
77
At
the
moment when he
was posted at the northern gate " Tchou, hereditary prince of the dynasty of Ming,
:
present rulers,
all.
" His
Sovereign Majesty,
is
Tin-t,
has learned
that Siu-kouang-tsin
so
foreigners,
at this
Knowing
that
moment he abuses
letters
his authority at
Canton
by treating men of
and
his
severity, thus
people,
may
clearly
know
you
on the aforesaid
Siu-kouang-
The money
is
ready,
is
and
will
brought.
of this despoiler
of the people
he
is
called Siu-kouang-tsin,
and
is
to
be found at
this
moment
in
sixth
moon
The prudent Viceroy fell into a great passion, when he heard of this proclamation and fearing that
;
really act
upon
it,
he declared
he would be
revenged
out.
But
turn
he had, how
When
rank of
Two
by a banner, on
this
is
No
At
the sound
AN UNLUCKY OMEN.
hands
79
hanging
down.
Siu
bad temper.
The
affair
vexed him
as if he
his
wrath.
found.
Gai-Kia, the
is
the
when he reached the corner of Ho" Kind Affection," which Faubourg St. Germain of Canton, the grand
last,
At
street of
mandarin turned
pale,
knocked violently
at the edge
They
artists
who make
family pictures.
This
man had
of a decapitated mandarin
its
decorated
was
80
THE INSURRECTION
" Let the author of
IN CHINA.
this painting
be brought be-
At
came out
on
his
knees before
"
Why
Only
up
this figure in
my
path
"
to dry
it
it,
my
"
Was
?
omen
in
my
path
"
"
How
slave,
Why,
!
then, did
you paint
this
abominable pic-
my
"
living
it
was ordered.
I gain
Good
To
you
shall
have
The
gaol,
mind
that our
who
amounted
to a formidable body,
were
at
Ou-tcheou-
DEPARTURE OF
SIU
FROM CANTON.
81
Fou, one of the towns in the extreme east of the Kouang-Si. Faithful to his prudential maxims, he
took care not to surprise the enemy; but stopped
at
Chao-King, with the intention of watching them. It must be confessed that he would have found it
difficult to conceal
very
3,000
men under
his
command, he had
in his train
a throng
of inferior mandarins,
servants,
;
execu-
tioners, musicians,
and flag-bearers
to say nothing
who were
It
intended
would have
this noisy
;
memory that of Darius with difference, that the money and the women, instead
which
recalls to
Siu took
with
city of
him a store of treasure on leaving the Canton he had laid in a good supply of
:
piastres,
and on
his route
had increased
his stock
of the
sinews of war as
much
as
possible.
In
con-
gained by
;
money over
it
hearts
and
sciences
which,
may be
price.
observed, bear by no
Siu, impressed with
means an extravagant
this
fact,
had
taken
measures
to
reduce
the
town without
striking a blow,
During
his
82
He came
on
his
way
to
deep
and rapid
bridge of bamboos.
bank
and caushock
the
burdens
into
stream, and a
moment
was
The
military chest
bottom of the
river,
coolies
For-
swam
like fishes,
and
easily gained
the bank.
them the
were
most
still
who
to fish
up
the pre-
The
divers,
river,
threw on
their clothes,
and courageskilful
They were
efforts, in
many
bringing
Siu
no time in having
coolies,
it
two other
A CHALLENGE.
journey.
83
Some days
afterwards,
when he had
was
to
reached
Chao-King, one of
when,
in the
silky paper.
The
coolies
The
the police on
The
where both
safety.
The
were
insurgents,
projectiles
sort of
campaign,
double
capture,
at once.
by taking the
However,
if
weapons
excessively brave, he
by
their generalship.
China,
a prosaic and unwarlike country, was on this occasion the scene of a proceeding which recalls the days
of
the -preux
chevaliers.
Tchou-lou-tao,
rebel
enemy
withdraw from his " call him out " and, intrenchments, resolved to with his imagination probably excited by " the
whom
no provocation
84
lovely eyes
ing challenge
want
are
which awaits
you?
You
You
of
battle,
you are
have
engagement ought
in spite of
to begin.
If
you
really
we
is
may
at once decide
by
single
combat which of us
to yield,
certain
soldiers
whom you
On
is
and take
as
much
care of oneself as
upon
his head.
Under
However,
at the distance of a
few
lis
END OF
SIU'S
FIRST CAMFAIGN.
85
it
Thus ended
the
first
While announcing the departure of the GovernorGeneral of the two Kouangs at the head of
army,
the
his little
an
acquainted with
affairs
made
this
apparently correct
remark.
" Siu
stratagem
and he
Money
is
However,
in
The
fact
is,
there was
We
what other
element
it
to Siu's diplomacy.
At
all
who
treated
barbarity.
Five
hundred
soldiers of the
fall
misfortune to
into an ambush,
by the
Only
Notwithstanding
these
successive
defeats,
the
86
Son of Heaven."
The Moniteur
to
of
Pekin was
prowess.
tion
ball
is
record their
cannon
which swept
an entire
of the enemy's
and a reward
is
Another bulletin
were
killed
states that in
men
by
single volley,
and
not
dates.
Even
the
official flourish
of the pen
is
wanting.
men who
palmed
such
on their sovereign
would
way
to his post.
yun, after half a year's good and faithful service, asked the Emperor to release him from his duties for
a short time, that
health,
by a
little rest
now worn
of Tartar rule.
Kou-Lin
for Pekin.
However,
he
The
responsibility
DEATH OF
LI- SING-YUEN.
87
:
his ina-
Old
ing
power of
of
inspir-
this
devotion.
his
The
story
Blondel and
all
Richard
king,
is
old dynasties.
A loyal
see
he
sighs
to
the
weak
or
inca-
who is bowed down beneath the weight of own greatness. Certain families have traditions
not
own
even their
own
will
can
The Emperor, on
and the
subject.
He
and
all
general.
These
the
Hou-Nan, ten
it
tary, that
of Li-sing-yun.
known
88
powerful
the
decline
of
The
therefore,
of this cordial,
them from
making
death.
by-
his faith-
many
ATTEMPT ON
89
CHAPTER
A crime The
sapques
VII.
Kou-Lin.
In the month of July 1851, a mysterious occurrence, the circumstances of which are
perfectly
At
the hour
when
the
him.
who was
arm of
He
perilled his
own
life
by
Now, had
this
crime been
?
or had
critical juncture,
nasty, to
remove
young kinsman by
violence ?
This
90
is
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
and
it
is
very
men
who have
of the realization
of their views
employ
Eighteen mandarins
lost their
heads in consequence
of their families
member
is
same
fate.
This
Celestial Empire.
strangers to
the crime;
and
this
wholly disbelieved.
Even
ing the
life
of
young Nero.
It
is
those
On more
who,
trea-
endowed with a
whom
life
found an echo
fall
of the
CHINESE COIN.
91
by the
guage
circulation of sapques
bearing the
name
of Tin-t.
tsien,
the
empire.
nickel,
They
and
round and
by which means
French
sou.
certain definite
amounts may
ugly as the
never worth
of
be strung together.
large
This coin
is
as
is
A
is
single piece
as
the composition
they have
Neverexcepting
are
the national
money par
;
excellence
there
is
no other currency
ingots
out
official
mark.
The sapques
in
the
we
:
say
cast,
because in China
money
is
cast
in France.
is,
The
however, not
general in China
is
European
civilization.
new
;
who
92
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
mark of the
of a
Pretender.
and
said,
I merely order a
new
to be placed before
pre-
sents
is,
in
my
is
To me
the
true Caesar
whom
sadly puzzed.
he would probably
his hands,
In
number
of capitals
Lo-
cities,
one of the
flotilla
manned
prefect
by 6,000 men,
to take Iu-Lin-Tcheou.
The
in this town.
At
movement
but in-
PREVALENCE OF SUICIDE.
stead of suddenly attacking the enemy, they
93
fell,
The
The
the rebels,
had
literally
had their throats cut, and among the dead lay the
unfortunate prefect of Iu-Lin-Tcheou.
it is
However,
official,
civil or military, to
fall
The
themselves.
We
barbarous stoicism.
The governors
of Lo-Ting-
to reconcile this
The same
indi-
at the sight of a
drawn
began to
94
insurgents.
state
of warlike preparation,
their
at
correspondents in the
them that
all
was ready
In the
were
These
sold,
in
all
the districts
rebels.
occupied, and
plans,
the
been brought
Europe, and
it is
we now
call
We
shall
them
imperial palace
shall give
of
Pekin.
we
be Hien-foung.
On
Young-Gan.
A conflict
up
war of
their advantages,
Young- Gan-Tcheou, HouenMou, and Ping-Lo, the chief town of the department. The victors summoned the magistrates to recognise the sovereignty of Tin-t, and every one who refused to obey the summons was mutilated, or simply Even in this country, which the put to death.
and took by storm
95
dignitaries
West call barbarous, official may be found who will remain faithful
the presence of triumphant
will rather die than violate their
to
their
sovereign in
rebellion,
and who
oaths.
The
insurgents,
now
who
suffered
no injury of
at the
person or of property.
proclamation by Tin-t
;
urged them to
time,
same
allowing
who would
Avith
not
recognise his
them.
large
num-
went
off,
valuable effects.
emigration, they
Imperialists,
conquered
those
r
cities,
stripped
killed
w ho endeavoured
civil
to defend themselves.
While
soldiers
tims of
enemy, and audacity " You are," they in attacking defenceless people. said, " mice to the rebels, and tigers to us."
In the meanwhile, Siu, who was
the environs of
still
shut up in
his
Kao-Tcheou-Fou, exhausted
strategic resources.
He
set a price
on the head of
96
the Pretender,
tals
in a
20,000 tals
set
on
In
saw
no
the
He
felt
ill
at ease in
him
Canton.
Chinese mandarin
the cares
afflicted
down under
of his state,
gems
to get out of
Our mandarin,
gazette
in
report which
the
official
Dona
He
into a
Macao
wishing to conquer the provinces of the KouangToun; and the Fo-Kien on their
It
is
own
account.
this
gigantic empire,
cowardly
Sympside.
toms of
its
approaching
fall
appear on every
On
97
those
gardens of
Fa-ti, so well
in
known
and
to Europeans,
knotted and
Touang-Kouan, intended
At
the
moment
of setting
to start, unless
The
1,000
horde
set
off,
accompanied by
them twenty
pected from
mercenaries
field pieces.
men of this kind ? Like the bands of who sold their services in days of yore, they were capable of going over to the enemy if
their
in arrear.
This circum-
it
up by new
acts of vigour,
Prompted by terror and indignation, he punished without mercy the generals who were guilty
times.
98
contained a long
persons in
at least
by a degradation.
Sai-chang-ha
ter,
who, having
first
was sent
as
was
were
Gene-
who on
ill,
to be
degraded
Im-
decree in the
of his own.
far as he
dignities.
The
decree, therefore,
Amid all these dangers and difficulties, the " Son of Heaven" passed much of his time in
trifling
amusements, surrounded by
;
his favourites
who
poem on
We
mind
PROCLAMATION BY TIN-T.
which, having
little
99
invention of
;
its
imagination of
others
every line
awakening a
Empire
the
Chinese Homers,
the
Ariostos
of
bombastic
lines.
his
He
poem
he
doubtless
and
with
reason,
that an
to conquer or
defend,
dithyrambics.
He
and he
This
now
published a
new
manifesto,
in
which, to a
important document
European
residents of China,
who
generally have a
politics.
We
give a
fragment of
this
we
:
shall afterwards
down
"
very
We shall
air,
The
by the
spreads around
celestial virtue
When my
perceive the
standard set
up by the
celestial
100
council,
and engulf
and open
fear that
capital,
all
before
them
if
we
ascend ramparts,
citadels
for ourselves a
pathway into
you
will
and
palace."
The attempts
of the
but
it
much
occupied.
With
doned
all
all
levied the
payment
in-
of their troops.
that
of
those
whose great
by
history.
The insurgents
ad-
would lead us
intended.
J. 0.
DESCRIPTION OF KOU-LIN.
to the capital.
101
With such
a centralized governwill
ment
as China, the
Mantchous
will
recognise
his
rights
and
give
Having returned
to
Kou-Lin we
will
now
shall
we
have
The
capital of the
Kouang- Si
is
built
on
This magnificent
after frequently
river,
changing
name and
receiving
Kou-Lin is a walled city. The horizon bounded on the north by magnificent mountains,
immense row of
have
fallen
obelisks.
At
which seem to
with cinnamon
The
many charms
to a Chinese.
The landscape abounding in freaks of nature is, in their eyes, endowed with singular beauty those artists who paint impossible rocks,
:
102
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
art,
are never
some strange
of
The
the
tourists of the
Empire contemplate
feeling
rocks
to
the
Kouang-Si with a
assumed by
similar
that
with
fantastic forms
curiosities is
on the borders
The
Chinese
call this
The animal
his
is
half covered
with bamboo
and bears on
winged dragons.
One might
almost fancy
it
to be
Siam loves
clay.
to ride.
The ramparts
and large
stones,
cemented with
They
are sur-
mounted with battlements in good condition, and two rows of cannon are pointed from the embrasures. Towards the west, within the precincts of the city,
103
soil.
Wonder,"
it,
is
every
The
from
its
summit.
A bridge
Kouei-Lin, in much
Rhone
before Avignon.
more than
400,000 inhabitants
who
Such
is
whose excessive
We
which the Chinese Government deems imPerhaps the same opinion has hitherto
against the rebels.
pregnable.
protected
it
104
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
CHAPTER
VIII.
The
in the
seemed to increase
same proportion
bamboo
cage, or shackled
Kouang-
nary privilege.
An
execution
its
is
a horrible thing in
is
horror
doubled by
attendant circumstances.
who had
A CHINESE EXECUTION.
105
"
On
the 1st of
May," he
writes,
friends.
"I
is
attended an
street in
my
The
city of
situated, as
Canton,
to the
street,
lies
which
is
called
All
the
workmen
and those
in the
services of porcelain,
For
you may
dispute
must
tell
you
at once that
by the
natives, Tsin-Tze-
Ma-Teou,
the
Quay
to the
of the
Thousand Chasigns
racters,' in allusion
numerous
which
"We
ing,
and
took
our
station
in front
of
shop
belonsrino- to a
mender of
old stockings,
This was
we remained
soldiers
there quietly
till
noon
and
officers
attached to
As
in
Europe,
106
the persons
were the
people,
this
dirty, ragged
likely they
ensanguined
soil
where most
had already
number
of their companions,
and perhaps of their accomplices. " In a short time the roll of the tam-tam announced to us the
arrival of the
whole procession.
"Then
three in
They were
fifty-
and a
You
length in a
bamboo
case.
human
When
the cages
were
as
set
when
I
:
A CHINESE EXECUTION.
107
was evident
tatters,
that
tions.
They were
clothed
in
loathsome
tail
attached to
usual length.
hair to grow.
"
Many
:
young
while
kneel;
but the
greater
part
of
them were
the
so debilitated
keep
in
this
and rolled
in
mud.
An
arranged them
in a
row
moment.
figures
You doubtless recollect those horrible whom we have often seen together in the
judge of Canton
those figures
who now
cutlass in
Well
hands.
two
feet long,
is
two inches
108
thick
like a
altogether
it is
"
A mandarin who
his
the enclosure.
He was
ball,
and held in
As
soon as this
man
appeared
work began.
The
executioner's assist-
and wearing a
shoulders
them a swinging
their
front,
his
movement, which
necks.
The
executioner,
all
strength into the weapon, and divided the cervical vertebra with incredible rapidity, severing the head
at a single blow.
;
The executioner
even
if
for
the flesh
was not completely cut through, the weight was sufficient to tear it, and the head rolled on the
ground.
An
mained
in a kneeling position.
The execution
lasted
some minutes.
the last head had fallen, the mandarins
"When
A CHINESE EXECUTION.
retired from the scene as silent as they
109
had come.
officers
present at the
all
countries
horrible to
the
of degraded.
them
At
the
The heads
left
on the
"
of
A lamentable scene
with
then commenced.
troop
the
women
These
to
distinguish
their
husbands,
among
scene to see
all
day, accompanied
by a
mournful noise
cries
and
sobs.
that
kind of chant
ceased repeating
all
funeral
cerein the
it is said,
Oh,
for
misery
Oh, despair
My
happiness
is
gone
110
ever
!
will
bitterness of
your ashes
and
"
To
these details,
my own
the
some
When
and
"
filled
two
be too copious
by too long an
who
separated
from
its
mortal tenement.
I give
you this explanation, that nothing may be omitted. The following particular statement is curious. It was
given
me by
man
of letters,
formed of
This
expiatory altar
execution, and
is
when
over
it
is
taken down.
This custom
lent.
so
thought
my
informant
is
excel-
Ill
because
all
lie
crime before
The mandarins not only employed means of this kind to suppress the insurrectional movement they
;
also
derision,
filled
by
circulating
among
was
In one of these
satirical
government, having
brother.
first
Now,
not allowed
who
it
for
The
on
name
of the Empress
of sove-
Empire
The
idea of
woman
that
woman
The Government
purses
of
lost
Canton, and
by an Imperial
decree,
112
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
sum
of 1,000,000
taels.
This loan
is
equitably
divided in the
following manner:
the
weight of
400,000
taels falls
The
latter
will
continue to
fall
to
The
but after a
end by
The
The Vice-
employed no other
It
was said that he remained shut up in silver. Kao-Tcheou-Fou and that, being blockaded by the
;
rebels,
if
they would
of
informing
the
had
pacified the
Kouang-Si.
;
said,
of
113
cities.
With
the
village, or hamlet,
the Mings.
defeats,
The Emperor, irritated by these fresh continued, in his own person, to stimulate
He
ordered Sa-changfort-
and
that,
in
default thereof,
the generals
lose
Hiang-ing, Ou-lan-ta,
their heads.
made
after
Foung had
singularly
The
aroused
insurgents,
who
Imperial troops,
whom
they at
first
attacked feebly.
However,
unmasked
of which
followed by
Ou-Tcheou-Fou
in the Kouang-Si,
this
map
attached to
J. 0.
114
An
who was
asserted
bodies of troops,
commanded by
to
chiefs,
all
who, though
united
by a
common
desire
This assertion was confirmed by the following proclamation, which was posted on the walls of
Young-
light
on the history
"Know
descendant
all
to
the
of the ancient
dynasty
do
not
be
appalled, ye
you firm
to his work.
The
termination.
a decree
After
to follow.
In order that
may be
weak, resisted
from robbers.
the
They who
PLAN OF FEDERALIZATION.
stopped
tlie
115
junks on the
of
rivers, pillaged
and mas-
then asked the mandarins for passports and safeconducts to take them to a place of safety.
When
as their
own
children,
They
are just
and
but
if
army.
Our
princes
call
In the mean
now
may
;
capital of
Pekin
which they
Tin-t which
we have
There
is
empire of China
composed
separated from
each
ence of customs
same laws.
may
116
human mind
vast empire
A
is
;
at
Young-Ganis
Tcheou,
not he
who
speaks
The proclamation
year of Tin-kio.
but to a certain
It
tells
extent
initiates
us by what means
These
reality not
cross,
very anxious
they
may
call
to submit.
They
they
assail,
and against
chiefs,
this
Their
waiting the arrival of the chiefs of the other provinces, that they
forces
will
city of
which they
They know
once Pekin
else.
is
in their power,
his throne ?
117
we
how
it
matured.
who
sign in the
name of royalty,
has received.
by
has
their authority
affair
first
movement
Tsings
in
Kouang-Si
pilot balloon,
which the
to the proclamation
This pro-
To
it
that
The men of
of comprehending this
show that
and in the
plan was
its
now
existing.
It
was
Since the
of the
The most
cele-
the
society of the
commands a powerful
118
be found
and the people of the Celestial Empire can almost say without exaggeration, " When three of
;
is
among
us."
Even
it
may
be perceived that a
new
regenerative eleretreats
where
we
mean the Christian element. The authors of the proclamation of Young-Gan-Tcheou talk of "deThey have, they say, prostrated crees of Heaven."
themselves before the Supreme Being
;
after
having
unknown
them
The honour
it
of introducing
testants
;
into
and
if
we may
appears that
high authority
is,
among
the insurgents.
This
Protestant
we
M.
Gutzlaff has
years.
He
He
semble the
plexion
is
fair
sons of
Germany, whose
com-
He
was an
for
intelligent
M.
GUTZLAFF.
119
acquiring languages
inhabitants.
At
missionary
societies
;
and, at
by
with
Government, a place
If
we
distri-
terms
and
that,
in
this
fashion,
he went
Be
that as
may, he has
left
us accounts of his
travels,
which,
reading.
M.
He
his
was of a
prominent
beneath
thick
lashes,
which were
His
face,
variety of the
gol.
human
race which
we
call the
Mon-
In
his
native, that
120
One
of
him
much
The mandarin
quietly
replied
Gutzlaff's father
settled
was a
many."
native
of
the Fo-Kien
in
Ger-
we
Pan had
not assured
M. Gutzlaff himself was his authority. At all events, whether his origin was Chinese or not, M. Gutzlaff perfectly knew how to adapt himself to the ideas of a people who are at once sensual
us that
and mystical.
He
Christianity
When
it
was
first
known
it
the pagodas,
lics
At
gutzlaff's influence.
tion of the
shall
121
monuments of
idolatry.
In time
we
iconoclast,
document
laid before
122
CHAPTER
Chinese generalship
IX.
Insurrection
at
Ha-Nan
Insurrection
Hou-Nan and
the Hou-P.
The
For
the
troops,
about the
Kouang-Si, the
Kouang-Toung, the Kou-Tcheou, and the "unNan, and marched against the rebels with a
13,000 men.
force of
like a military
and
calico,
inscribed in
huge
characters.
They wear
on
their
CniNESE GENERALSHIP.
colours,
123
The number
robes.
like
horsemen,
whom
there
is
a very small
in the Imperial
ill-harnessed jades,
and wrapped up
blue
In
they look
much more
heroes
Musselman women on a journey, than the Tartar whom our fathers saw in the opera of " Losoldiers,
doiska."
march
by
head
of
the
regiment.
beaten in regular
is
The drummers march at the Numerous gongs are time, and the roll of the drum
instrument.
rebels be-
called
Ping-
irregular
The
general deployed
While the
were executing
this
move-
ments.
The
drummers
and the
formed a double
round
this
staff,
124
officers
To
we ought
to inform
command
is
the
French
it
army, but
it
would be impracticable
It
As
for the
them
at their
them
if
they recede.
:
Silence
is
in fact, the
contrary
is
the case.
The Imperial
soldiers
advanced
;
and the
dismal
roll
of the gongs
mountains.
this
defended
the
THE "TIGERS."
several hours, and the Imperialists,
125
The
rebels flung
as
themif
barriers of verdure,
;
to
when
the latter
formed the
the
fatal resolution
bamboo
thickets.
body of rebels
The
that
is
to say,
at intervals.
It
was too
When
Ou-lan-ta
the
order.
Of
had been
killed,
so often applied.
on
bucklers,
derived from
is
the
126
home.
not only of the tiger, but also of the wolf and other
animals
of
whom,
we
are some-
times mere
imitators.
European
Spaniards
troops,
it
is
said,
The
that the
like gesture,
At
battle with
menacing
rible grimaces.
The
who
Tcheou-Fou.
He| swore by
his long
moustache that
;
and
Four thousand
buffaloes
were
tied
together,
and
SIU'S
STRATAGEM.
127
thousand
parations
set off
soldiers,
and
the
expedition,
the
pre-
for
secret,
camp.
According to
every buffalo,
fire chariot,"
was to
its
commit
battalion
obstacle
fearful
ravages,
kill
The horned
meeting any
advanced at
for
first,
without
The
by
torch-light
move-
ments by the
as they
newed.
This bright invention of Siu's caused a
sacrifice
of
lives.
far as the walls of Kao-Tcheou-Fou, where the Viceroy was quietly ensconced. This fact
is
we
128
In the
among them a
treatise
on the
art of war,
which
is
is
highlv esteemed.
This
is
classical
work, which
in twenty-four volumes,
Not only
private individuals,
but
even
civil
mandarins
below
the
third,
and
bidden to
read this
book. a
man,
a cultivator, or
man
not
even
interest
in
The
or was
sellers
" man of
letters."
The booksell
it
work
they
down
is
in a register the
name
Cer-
just
as
is
done in
when
tainly, if the
a druggist.
as Siu's
contrivance,
it
them
to the
TIIE
ISLAND OF HA-NAN.
129
this treatise.
One
Canton communicated
darin
his left
circumstance to a man-
when
hand with
his fan,
am
not surprised
feated us."
now
We
symptoms
narrative,
tendency to dissolution.
As we
to
proceed in our
new
facts
arise
The
official
Hou-Nan, and
in
the Hou-P.
The
as
province of Canton.
This
is
a possession
almost
pical fruits
grow there
are
in
abundance,
and great
cities
quantities
of
for
the empire.
many
centuries,
It
is
probable
that
the
insurgents formed an
with regard
to
them
as
their
the
130
"Mounelapsed,
Hundred
Fingers."
Ten days
officer
had returned.
and dan-
made
He was
him
and
in
ears.
this
solitude,
after
cutting off
his
nose
The
lost
capital,
and afterwards
all
importance.
Fo-Kien.
known by
in France,
the
name of
still
we
use the
131
we
to
shall often
make use
the
of the ancient
denomination
within
the
designate
of the
towns comprised
limits
Hence,
the map,
necessary to
when
it is
not stated
The
Hou-Kouang
uneasiness of
position.
However,
to the
Hou-Nan and
alarm.
the
Hou-P,
it
uttered a cry
of
An
The
official
mes-
20,000
Miao-Tze, that
capital,
they were
and that
Soung-Tao-Ting had been destroyed. While this news was scattering terror through Canton, the rebels took possession of Toung-In-Fou likewise. The Minister of War ordered the 10,000 in men the Se - Tchouan to march at once to Hou-P, and that all the disposable troops of the
surrounding provinces should be directed to this
point.
132
As
now
try.
Hou-Kouang, we
sketch
of the
shall
give
topographical
coun-
The Hou-P
the empire.
It
is
is,
Kouang-Si, a mounis
much
colder.
soil is
The mountaineers
mountaineers of
much
like the
ment.
by
Once
it
In
this
district,
as
in
the
allies
When
first it
was learned
sup-
Hou-Kouang,
strategic
the
first
was that
this
was a
movement on
This was
The insurrection in the Hou-P and the Hou-Nan, although the same in tendency as the other, was commanded by independent chiefs. As we have already had occasion to remark, the
133
by the Imperial Government, readily passed over to the enemy. It was now learned that a detachment of the army, 6,000 strong, commanded
paid
rebels with
arms and
men
volunteer corps.
In
this
document, which
is
ably
his
charge for
he knew what he
was about.
improvised soldiers,
the orders of
were opposed
enemy.
As
if for
assertion that
was the
rebels of the
Kouang-Si
Hou-
in
command
round
by the
insurgents,
whose
number
daily increased.
To
these details
was added
the account of a
new
Im-
134
Hou;
less rapid than in the Kouang-Si was learned that the towns of Tao-Tcheou and
much resistance. A chief of the Kouang-Si, named Ta-ping-wang, then formed an alliance with
out
the rebels of the
ration threatened
Hou-P.
many
points at the
same time;
into the
localities
Lo-Ting-Tcheou,
principal
Imperial troops.
they respected
confining them-
and a
This
who had
Emwas
It
now
surrection
spread
provinces,
its
action
became more
leaders,
regular.
The brigands
more
nor
of
Kouang-Si
less
than party-
who
135
real victors
viz.,
those
thing to
the
lose.
However,
this
new development
more
and
insurrectionary
power
was
more
136
CHAPTER
The Pretender and two
tion of Tin-t
official
X.
While
try, the
the
army
of Tin-t
hold,
his
and
his guard,
Hing, not
far
The Governor
embassy
arguments in
letters" so
much
excel.
DEPUTATION TO TIN-T.
Vice-Governor Tseou.
137
show the
man
of letters of the
first
degree,
him
to
make
his
they
moment, wrote a
letter to Tin-t, to
ask him on
his presence,
they asarrived,
by a certain number of persons, who came to salute them and to act as guides. " When they had gone half-way up the mountain,
they came to an outer wall, the lofty gate of which
was guarded by
in the
and without.
where
dressed in
138
house set apart for strangers, where they were entertained with great magnificence.
"Their
arrival
was announced
to
Tin-t,
who
In com-
conducted by an
officer
through a
fifth door,
when
a eunuch signified
to them, on
the
part
of the
Ming
dynasty.
When
their
to
by
sit
Tin-t himself,
who came
on a
them
to
like guests
a friend.
Tin-t
;
sion with
The
others spoke
in
their turns,
make
deprived them.
139
said to
When
them:
this discussion
How
am
own
subjects?
Emperor Tsoungand I
now
my
ancient territory.
rebellion
was originally
by Ou-
Ming
dynasty, to assist
They took
in the
pos-
and
my
ancestors, considering
war them at
to
for
good conduct.
You
reward was
insufficient.
At
present, strong in
the justice of
my
cause, I
am
levying troops to
my
ancestors.
The
race
own may be
country without
in possession of
own
territory.
entirely forgotten
140
" After
Han-
heou and
his
name
of ministers.
He
At
the end of this time the clothes which they had worn
arrival
he took leave of them with great affability. " On returning to Kou-Lin, they related their
adventure to the Governor.
passion, that
it
brought on a
Immediately after
Pretender
abandoned
his retreat,
the signal of
in
new
many
by the
legions
who
The
forced to retire.
On
the suburbs and burned the bridge, which crossed the river opposite the " Isolated Wonder."
lan-ta.
Kou-Lin was defended by the Tartar general OuWhile fighting on the ramparts, where they
rebels,
he received
DEATH OF OU-LAN-TA.
a hall in the knee.
141
considered
As
the
wound was
deemed
insufficient in so
grave an emergency, an
American charge
bargain.
willing
ball,
d'affairs,
The Doctor expressed himself perfectly to visit the wounded man and extract the
offer
but his
as
no
Ou-lan-
talent.
He
kind of bras*Celestial
ging,
by dint of which the people of the Empire often get rapid promotion.
Shortly before his death,
when
no time
in
into
it
142
the Court of
Pekin
is
men
of letters sent
was affirmed
cage.
At
;
first,
hesitation
in fact,
all
Soon, however,
Official
Gazette
of Pekin
which Tin-t was sentenced to undergo the extreme According to the custom genepenalty of the law.
rally
The
document was
as follows
"I
of
am
Hang-Tcheou, and am
My
and mother are both dead; I have neither In my youth brothers, sisters, wife, nor children.
father
me any
efforts,
talent for
com-
but
paralyzed
my
became a
bonze.
to
This
my
143
become
silence
skilful in war,
Government.
While
was a bonze, I
to
lived in
render
down
to our
own
plans
day.
my
"
still
a bonze, I travelled
into the
Foung-yun-chan,
talent,
men
me,
of
letters
of
in
great
their
unfortunate
examinations.
They had
Each of the
and
initiated
made a vow
that
he would
live
The number
was a growing
among them.
and the
Houng-siu-tsiuen
was learned
in magic,
how the Heavenly Brother came down from Heaven, and how all those who wished
Jesus, setting forth
144
to serve the
to
By
in-
one thinks of leaving them. " In December 1850, when their number and
their
power became
graduates of
great, I
went
;
to the
Kouang-Si,
he had engaged
many
bers
of pillage,
Kouang-Toung to begin the work and attack the government. The memfraternity
of the
individuals, sacrificing to
families, their property
them
so that there
From
this
When
tsiuen called
me
of
his
me
and
with the
title
King Tin-t
me
He
called
pacificator);
Yang
civil
of
of
King of the
145
Foung was
title
with the
of
King
of the
South;
title
Wei was
of
King
of
also appointed.
civil affairs,
appointed minister of
Wing
Wing
Ou-
There were
If any-
was executed,
dignities
victory.
many
elder
of our men.
I called Houng-siu-tsiuen
my
your majesty
otherwise
we were always
called
by
"
On
the 25th of
and in
from
no
one was
Houng-siu-tsiuen derived
all his
me
146
of king
in the
means.
In addition to
all this,
At
the bottom of
my
heart
and destruction,
the power into
for without
my own
hands.
" At
was careful
and indefatigable.
courage, and
He
with 1,000
men was
match
for
10,000 Imperialists.
we
we
called
our court,
affairs.
our
officers
made
reports on state
direc-
A calendar
Young,*
In
all
tion of
in
omitted.
this I
"
When
peded
when
to fail
gunpowder, and
other stores,
began
the
members of our association were very numerous in the Kouang-Toung, and in the department of the OuTcheou, we must take courage, and leave our prison
(sic) to rejoin
them.
On
we planned
* Quaere,
Houng ? J.
147
At
set
6,000
men
and
at ten o'clock
siu-tsiuen
and
his wives,
and baggage.
At two
o'clock in the
morning Siu
were at
Siu had
and I
set
off,
When we
;
and
as
my
my
sig-
we were put
killed,
to rout
were
who
when we
left
the town,
facilitate
and
our
sally.
"
My
real
name
is
it
when
The
red.
The
wore yellow
In the
official
palace I wore a
it
my own
choice
is
In this document, which was probably composed by some Pekin man of letters, we may easily detect
a perfidious intention to compromise the Christians.
148
by
the
principally mentioned
having fur-
nished
its
To
that
is
to say, the
are accused
We
;
ard of revolt.
we found
the same
phenomenon
;
same time
viz. that
tant nations
spreading, and
this
great
globe.
much now done by England and the United States. The confession of Tin-t had produced a great
and the particulars of
discussed,
his
sensation,
execution at
it
Pekin were
and that the
when
was
all
of a sudden
was
off as the
Pre-
him
pomp
due to Tin-t.
REPORTS SPREAD BY
TIIE
MANDARINS.
149
The
ously,
and
As these marches and counter-marches are not very interesting we shall not name the places where
them.
they occurred.
About
mind.
this
time a
fact,
for the
authenticity of
A
the
had quitted
into
marched with
and,
his troops
Hou-Kouang,
district
having
taken
pos-
session
of the
of the
Tchang-Che, had
not probable.
This
fact,
we
repeat,
is
is
sooner or
tionary movement.
We
must
not omit
mention
here
new
manuvre on
We
have already
For
this
purpose they
first
it
his efforts
on the
first
European
port.
On
the con-
150
case
of necessity,
to
secure a retreat
by
sea.
Among
number of
missionaries,
who have
there are
many who
reside in the
Kouang-Si, and
Now, not
We
since
the
The
we
exaggerate the personal importance of the descendant of the Mings, and that, like the generality of
historians
who
we
ascribe
designs, calculations,
and
In an-
swer to objections of
the documents which
this kind,
we need
only refer to
we have
endowed with
rare political
GREATNESS OF TIN-T.
sagacity,
151
indubitable
superiority
of intellect, and
above
tient,
all,
which
peculiar to
societies.
men
shadow of secret
152
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
CHAPTER XL
Revolt in Formosa
The
Lin family
The god
Kouan
An
aquatic assault.
We
than
said
is
supposed
in
fact,
many
and above
no one,
and private
and
life
of the Chinese.
The
truth
is
of
progress,
that,
in
certain
respects,
it
is
Hence, we
among
the people
people at once
TIIE "
OATH OF BLOOD."
facts
153
in-
Canton in
Two
to
live
;
rebel chiefs,
Houng and
Ki,
made between
for
that
is
together,
fighting
the
same
in the
He then
handed over
who performed
monies.
Houng and Ki
till
mixture alternately
gone.
From
this
moment
in their veins,
which
Perhaps on
things in
who
are to hold
all
common.
of China thus
154
Formosa, and
partisans.
by a
large
number of
The
island of
Formosa
is
the largest
it
many
years,
throw
man-
darins.
The
celebrated
corsair
Ko-chin-ga suclittle
independent
effica-
by demolishing the
usurper.
soil
However, the
peopled by an unsubthe
the
decrees of the
mandarins.
FORMOSA.
It
is
155
inhabitants
well
known
that the
of the
Celestial
Empire
Land
of Flowers."
On
this
whose trade
beyond the
soldiers
who
Emou
(Amoy).
fence of
We
own
They
hills
of
Emou, where they are shaded by the undulating leaves of the magnolia, by the plumeria, whose
scarcely opened flowers
fall like
flakes of snow,
and
by the fragrant mimosa, the yellow tufts of which embalm the air. Here every one has his place in a common enclosure, which is, as it were, a bee-hive
of death, where every one peaceably reposes in his
solitary cell.
The
among
a
map
command
156
Again,
if
Fo-Kien rose
in
they would,
without further
aid,
The
is
as yet
unknown.
were fortunate in
their first
not sufficient to
make us
As we have
This country
to Russia,
is
to
China
must be confessed
The
Hou-Kouang, wear
up
at the
back of
the head.
This
is
When
the French
ladies turn
up
their hair
is
all
la Chinoise,
not at
that of the
The
style,
157
several
The
Hou-Nan,
still
the
Hou-
occupied by the
expedition, and
new
in the
neighbourhood of
Lo-King-Chan.
the general
As
were defeated
who commanded
the Imperial
army
lost
Danger became
so pressing in the
Hou-Nan and the Hou-P, levied a force of 4,000 men at his own expense, and devoted a sum of
200,000 tals to the costs of the war.
this patriotic devotion,
In
spite of
and the energetic measures of the high functionary, who had given such a noble
march into the Hou-P, where they secured They next advanced upon the post of Kouang-Fa.
invasive
afterwards,
fell
Houang-Chatheir passage
hands.
No
act of violence
marked
Nan, the insurgents were followed by a band of robbers, who committed numerous depredations.
This isolated
fact, to
which many
parallels
may be
158
civil or foreign,
but at
un-
The
rebels, attacked^ at
Tchao-Tcheou-Fou by the
in the engage-
Imperialists, lost
Some days
afterwards
;
still
more
fleet,
terrible.
Their
flotilla
During
in the
Hou-Nan, by storm,
all
The Lin
The Lins
rich district.
CHINESE TATRICIANS.
that our
159
Montmorency, compared
to them, are
but
is
nobles of yesterday.
altogether patriarchal.
live
revered grandsire
labour to a
wealth.
common
command
the greatest
respect.
We have
common
ours, a
To
it
is
man who
in
lives
on
his
income
is
much
by
less
esteemed
labour.
China
lives
his
To
some
liberal profession,
and brother
screens and
paints
The
them
at
Pingthe
resistance,
the trifling
sum
of
160
THE INSURRECTION
its
IN CHINA.
duties,
sumed
The only
50,000 tals
court,
Kouang-
frontiers of
Hou-Nan.
He
seemed
agreed
though a
sort of truce
had been
tacitly
Imperialists,
There
is
Hing-Gan
Tin-t,
as
is
a walled
city, smaller
than Kou-
were, in
the
the
very
heart of the
insurrection.
could
and
at
way of the Kouang-Si he communicate with Ha-Nan and Formosa the very entrance of the Hou-Nan, at a short
later conduct
By
would sooner or
him
to Nankin,
and
POLICY OF TIN-T.
perhaps to the capital of the Empire.
the position he assumes as the
insurrection,
161
Moreover
of the
Agamemnon
obliges
him
to
practise
the greatest
caution.
various
movements
in
any part
the action.
The descendant
of the
danger
lies
Here
that depend on
one key-stone.
Tin-t under-
When
a battle
is
over, the
" kings,"
officers to
his
future vassals,
We
view with the envoys of the Governor of the KouangSi, expressed himself formally on this subject. " The
Tsings," he said, " ought to retire into their
own
ser-
He
did not
deny the
to China,
and
J.
O.
162
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
Hou-Nan, concentrated
at
Hou-
Yang and Yang-Hing, proclaimed a new royalty, The dating from the first year of Ming-Ming. monarch thus enthroned unfurled his banner, and
set
the royal
seal
at
the
foot
of
his
decrees.
is
on by ministers
of the
The power
is
new king
is
The
Hou-Nan became
more and more rapid they occupied the greater number of the chief towns of departments, and after
a
contest
which lasted
five
days,
took Kia-Ho-
The
emissaries of Tin-t
the provinces.
One
of
them
Canton
officials,
whom
Through him
in the
*
it
Hou-P
it
titles
the
in
J. O.
163
Yang-Tze-Kiang
as
far
as
new
fiscal
mandarins levied on
pire,
all
The em-
their incomes.
At
own
of the war.
for-
ward with
to protestations of devotion,
The
with courage
:
and hope. The curious document is as follows " Tseou-ming-ho, Governor of the Kouang-Si,
presents this
memoir on
his knees,
titles
entreating his
the protection
dynasty has governed the empire, the majestic energy of the god Kouan # has been disthis
*
This
is
164
him honours,
Lately,
temples, the
city
and
of
offered
sacrifices.
when
Kou-Lin
incense
was
attacked
by
en-
rebels, I
moments,
treated
it
burned
before
him,
and
him
Now
after a prayer of
The cannon
rebels left
much
"
number of the
on
On
different occasions
we
spies sent
by the
city,
rebels,
soners, that
whenever the
upon the
it,
sword.
The
the guards
who
ordinary
stature,
so that
alone was
and make
them yield. " I am informed, moreover, that on the 13th of the third moon, when the night was dark and
rainy, at the fourth watch, the
rebels
sent
down
of
upwards of
'
fifty
Elephant's
165
effect a landing.
armed with a
to
brilliant cuirass
At
of
the
night,
suddenly
appeared
enormous
'
Great
"I
now
reflect that
whereas,
when
near
ap-
who
visibly
came
to
our
aid.
When,
and
de-
our
troops
repulsed
it
the
rebels
who
galloped on
on terra
Jirma.
lantern in the air allow of no doubt that this was the spirit of the god of
'
Great Happiness.'
" Under
favours,
titles
of honour.
In the
procession
on
account
of
a terrible drought
166
which
gentle
province, and
by
The
wrote
Emperor,
whom
the
fact
was
related,
own
them
'
to be
hung up
The
assistance
we have
Now,
therefore, that
the rebels have been happily repelled, and hide themselves for shame, I dare to ask
it
to testify
god Kouan,
King
of Great Happiness,'
by adding
some new
fused,
titles to
By
this
dif-
Minister Sai'-chang-ha,
and
also
the
Governor-general Siu,
petition."
who
joined with
me
in this
Notwithstanding
this
district
Ho-TchangHowever,
in
count of which
we borrow from
much
the
official
journal.
The
troops became
END OF
would recapture the
fenders.
1852.
167
its
city, or
exterminate
de-
For
this
siege to
riors
sangui-
tigers killed
;
3,000 in-
made 100
prisoners
there remained.
to
No
renew the
contest.
The
tigers
was but a
the
single opening
after
course of the
Tao-kiang,
official
to inundate
the
town.
tell
The
journal
unfortunately
aquatic
omits to
manoff
uvre.
with a
town
in
which case
rats
The year 1852 closed upon these disasters. Wherever the Imperialists had opposed the rebels,
they had been
almost invariably beaten, and the
insurrection was evidently spreading like the Yellow
River when
it
bursts
its
dykes.
The Emperor
and, in
168
of the
Hou-Kouang, and the under governor of the Hou-Nan, was, by virtue of a decree, summoned
These
the
officers
were threatprocedure
Such
is
mode
;
of the
" Son of
to take
literally
ceeded by
We
having
already
given
specimen
were degraded.
Suffice
it
to
say
that
the go-
Hous were
for
Ning on the 29th of the same month. The crime which the Emperor punished them, was that of disobedience he had ordered them to conquer,
:
and
his order
169
CHAPTER
The
regatta of
XII.
How
to
Tchang-Cha The descendants of Confucius make money Ou-Tchang and Han- Yang.
The Emperor
calamities,
Hin-foung, cast
down by
so many-
summoned back
of his father.
were the
acceded
first
Ki-chan
the propositions of
which had
caused the
fall
of his kinsman.
The
disgrace of the
;
latter, it will
A
was
recalled these
intelligent and
170
have re-established
he did not
change
his policy.
is
men whose
universally recognised
be,
it
is
ment may
men
;
for assistance.
but when he
it
was only to
their
make use
of their names.
advice, he sent
them
The
very terms of certain decrees, which were promulgated by the young " Son of Heaven
"
after this
We
see
that
the
feelings
services
may
Hou-
This
city,
which
is
called
Tchang-Cha,
flows from an
of the Yang-Tze-Kiang.
The Siang
immense
the
lake,
which
is
Hou-Nan and
the
Hou-P.
It is a fine river,
THE REGATTA.
up, and terminating in
171
black as basalt.
peaks as
About
in
He
His countrymen,
From
on
this spot
fifth
day of the
fifth
The
privileged
the sport,
are without
They
Celestial
Some have
antediluvian
reptiles.
and a
tail
These fan-
They by the
the
force of
twenty rowers.
The ftes generally last for three days. Tchang-Cha is, however, not a mere
amusement.
It
is
place
of
172
when our
friend
at
spirit of
the soldiers.
troops,
He came
some fresh
who
bravely re-
The
city,
this attempt.
The enemy's
had demolished
must be confessed
might
at the
easily
The
insur-
The whole
the
by
one of the
most determined
in
the
army of Tin-t.
two
lines,
which would
literally
prolix
compress
into
twenty
"
The
We
proceed to tread
down
the en-
A CHINESE INSCRIPTION.
" The dragon
the days of
will fly to the fifth nine,
173
and cause
to revive."
is
Every Chinese
calypse, that
inscription
Apo-
ment.
lines
:
"
The following is an explanation of the above The three thousand brave men, courageous
as tigers,"
Kins *
"
this is a
hemistich
down
the
that
is,
where Pekin
is
is
situated.
number
in the treatise
the
residence
Emperor Tin-t will quit his humble at Young-Gan to visit the Palace of
of the Empire, notwithstanding
registers
facts
its
Pekin.
The Moniteur
gravity.
It
habitual taciturnity,
with extreme
contained
the
Emperor
Hou-Nan
rebels.
*
filled
with armed
is
The province
of the Kou-Tcheou
situ-
The
England, are
these, the
Of
Ye-King, which
the
last.
J. O.
1/4
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
is
a country-
The
who
are
much more
Miao-Tze, than
the Chinese.
The mandarins
of the Kou-Tcheou
cultivated.
The
inhabitants of the
Kou-Tcheou are
set a
like
illicit
trade
From
China
at this
moment
She
is
to the world.
mous
rate,
quantities in her
own country
at a cheaper
and of an equal
if
The number
that
Hio-Kouang
in
the
Chan-
DESCENDANTS OF CONFUCIUS.
Toung had been
is
17">
killed
by
rebels.
The Chan-Toung
situated
provinces, and
a country which
much
resembles the
mountainous
districts of
its
Family
The sober and laborious Chan-Toung have not the warlike Miao-Tze, and it is difficult to see how
was
in the
Chan-Toung
born.
sopher par
The
and of
all
the
this is the
most
this family,
and
political
by the numerous dynasties which succeeded each One of the last numbers of other on the throne.
che
letter
from the
Duke
kouang.
In
fact,
176
affairs.
They
are
vassals,
who
nearly
related to them.
The
existence of this
powerful family
may
The
descendants of the
for
divine
man
of
the
for
owes
its civilization
With
comparatively modern
may
we
men
in fact,
we
scarcely
know where
We
Chinese Socrates.
and he was assistant mandarin to the imperial commissioner Ki-in during the labours of the mission
He
was a Han-
own
interests could
diplomatist.
*
At
the
same
time
truth
The Imperial
College at Pekin.
J. O.
GENERAL DISHONESTY.
17 7
The symptoms
strong in
all
of rebellion were
now
midst
terribly
directions.
In the
of
the
who superintended
the
money
this
and denounced
It
Emperor.
make the
money
confided to their
700,000
The
number
of soldiers on the
concocted by the
men
that
is
to say, to a
number
that
times
larger
than the
flag.
effective force
However
best robbed
it is
Government
is
to be always cheated.
of
Heaven "
the
the
man
in his dominions:
ministers
an organized
According to
official
war amounted
178
to say, to
year.
75,000,000
francs
(3,000,000/.),
in
a single
In
this
new
One
of them, Hou-tin,
A
:
of the minister
who dared
so great that
he had at
first
changed
his
coffers
so
Although nothing
is
yet decided,
it is
pro-
He
is
and the Chinese smugglers, the best policy of the Government will be to establish a monopoly of the
drug.
As
official
resources.
since
it
will
show
vices
far
more
clearly than
any remarks of
ours, the
It will
179
morals of
the nation
and
dignities.
He
such a
**
crisis. The list is as follows The Emperor having charged the Comptroller of
the
Members
of
the
Revenue,
to consider the
means
for raising
money
project of
"
1.
The
tionaries,
both
and
upon
to
"
2.
The academicians
be authorized to purchase government situations. " 3. The academicians and the censors are at
liberty to
buy the
offices
intendants of provinces.
office
can, in
bound
180
"
The
distinct
in consideration of a
sum
of money, be exempted
when
"
of a
6.
their
term of
office
has expired.
consideration
"
7.
All functionaries
in the capital,
first
who have
"
8.
titles
for a relation,
his
father a rank
"
10.
Functionaries
dismissed can
recover their
rank by purchase.
retired can recover
"
11. Functionaries
their rank
who have
Academical degrees.
J. 0.
181
The peacock's
feather
can be obtained by
purchase.
first
or
second
by purchase.
"
16.
money.
" 17. Every functionary transported to I-Li for
any crime, can obtain a dispensation for money. " 18. The Government will consider the pecuniary rewards given to the troops by private individuals as so
also
many
loans to
itself,
"
to
The money deposited in the Nei'-ou-fou be sent to the army as a reserve fund. " 20. The Government will issue paper-money,
as
by the barbarians
will
" 23. Public tenders will be received for the farming of the gold and silver mines in the Je-Hol, in
the provinces, in Eastern Turkistan, and in the I-Li."
" Pekin Gazette, 12th
Nov. 1852
"
182
absurd document the English are still " styled barbarians " the offensive appellation is
In
applied
to a nation
from
whom
the
tection.
Tsings.
who
arrived at
Hou-Pe.
on the right
bank of the Yang-Tze-Kiang, near the mouth of the Han, one of the tributaries of the " Son of the
Ocean." *
On
Tchang,
the centre of
These
are the
aerial residences
of the fishermen.
More
fraternity
J. O.
A CHINESE PROSrECT.
these
fresh- water
toil.
183
livelihood
fishermen gain
their
almost without
stretched on a
They
wooden frame with a long handle, by which they are enabled to guide it they draw it in,
;
full
of
About a league
to the north of
Ou-Tchang,
rises
commercial
traveller,
cities.
One
who had
scene, has
:
communicated
impressions in these
The Yang-
Tze-Kiang
is
really
an inland
sea,
stream.
so
large as the
river into
flows,
is
nevertheless a noble
The Chinese vessels Every moare certainly the noisiest in the world. ment gongs are struck and petards are fired. Only
great commotion also prevails.
184
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
my
hum
of an enormous bee-hive.
"
On
the
combination of
generally
admitted that
Chi-
nese travellers,
when they
population of this country, always count by thousands, like the vendors of nails
;
however, I really
I
think that I
am below
before
the truth.
yesterday
saw
at
anchor,
To
this port is
brought
all
all
the
manu-
Empire from
Manchester, Liverpool, and the United States. " The point of junction where the Han flows into
the
f
Son of the
or
Sea'
is
called
Keou Keou
river
this the
is
is
Han-
On
into
two
parties,
These
;
vessels
if
and
my
flags,
A CniNESE PROSrECT.
loaded with the celebrated teas of Moning,
request
185
much
in
among Europeans,
with
Kiang-Si,
with the
" The
of
the
and
for
barbarians
is
:'
is
sure to
really
rise
most imposing.
easily realize
on gala days
in short,
at once
is
the enormous
watered by rivers as
and
can only
ing."
cross
after
many
186
This
Avhich
sets
forth
in
a lively
traveller
manner
by the
rebels
the
sight
impression
of
made
upon
strange
country,
will
show
Ou-Tchang by the
To
fact,
the details
that near
already given
this
we
city in
of the
Yang-
Tze-Kiang, there
is
no time
whence they could proceed to Nankin without impediment. However, the reports relative to Ou-
Tchang had
them,
as yet
nothing positive or
official
about
American
commerce.
187
CHAPTER
XIII.
"WnEN
Hou-P, was
first
Soon, how-
to their incredulity.
after his
own
fashion.
is
his
own
military
knowledge
is not superior to that of his generals. " This curious specimen of the " Son of Heaven's is
strategic science
as follows
" This day (29th January 1853), a despatch arrived from the Commissioner Siu, announcing that
the rebels have occupied the provincial city of
Ou-
188
Tchang
Hou-Pe).
moon
(Jan.
"In
was in
after
Ou-Tchang
immediate action
His report
like
that
of a
mere dreamer.
in-Chief,
The Commanderhe
arrived
in
at-
Hiang-young, although
strong
position
and put
them completely to rout. He also is slow in action, and no less culpable than his colleague. The mo-
ment
If
we put
to death
them from
Siu of the
therefore, while
we deprive
IMPERIAL DECREE.
dignity of Governor-General of the
189
two Kouangs,
him
Provisionally
Hian-yonng
ment.
is
the resi-
With what promptitude has it been taken by the rebels, and how deeply do we feel for the calamities
it
endures
"
We
this
regret that
fitting
from
wicked horde.
desire to eat.
We
of the
to be
sioners,
to
The Governor
Chen- Si
and
the
Governor-
rebels in the
Hou-Kouang.
We
harmony, to prevent the rebels from ravaging the land, and to restore peace to the country.
in perfect
We hope that
and
190
" As
Obey
this."
The
Official
Gazette also
contains a decree
by
his standard
"Love."
These
live in
nomadic
is
tribes
who
a sort of perpetual
all
march.
slightest
MM. Hue
as every
Tlribet,
we
by the
two
travellers.
of his
most intrepid
his pro-
the young
Emperor terminated
first
commenced
its
operations,
relieved,
to ashes.
Lately the
;
of rebellion
The
districts
191
my
people
descrip-
On
the
Kiang-Nan and
stricken.
At
the
same time
all
levies en masse
were made
this
in all
Circumstances of
kind
disposal of China.
At Chang-Ha,
for
in-
stance, one
of the
posts
the
collect
soldiers
more than one hundred regular and one hundred volunteers. Nevertheless
;
composed of the
for anything.
sailors of the
:
Fo-Kien, Cochin-China,
To
192
population of
a fact of a
The Ou-Soung,
almost concealed
beneath a forest of
masts. One day we were in an European boat, winding our way through the multitude of vessels, and admiring the commercial activity of the port, when we suddenly saw a large piece of wood fall from a
first
all
their force
up
within reach of
its
lawful owners.
conflict
now
ensued, in which
article in dispute
was
at last
payment of a
certain sum.
When
we
committed
called to a
Ou-Soung,
capture
;
and an Englishman
sailors of the
all
how
193
is
This
ning any
risk."
to these
soldiers
few
fast boats
and a hundred
still
true.
The
Chinese,
who
who
are
born in the
provinces,
generally
desperadoes,
who
to say,
canals.
The Chinese
so well
who come
tants of
in contact with
Europeans are
Chang-Hai, that
is
corps, to
to be feared
when they
Since the
commencement of the
troubles,
the
194
pirates
on
the
coasts
of
the
Yang-Tze-Kiang.
The mandarins,
resisting
was no chance of
navy, took
into
their
Portuguese
lorchas,
The
Filhos de
Macao
(sons
destruction of pirates.
jects of her
great wars of
sailors, are
formidable
sailors
it is
Macao
will
go out in nearly
weathers, while
when
the sea
is
is
favourable.
in
In reference to
peculiarity,
we
find
the
Fo-Kin, which
is
his
province, for
MKTIIOD OF SUICIDE.
following excuse
:
195
so rough,
and the
wind was
venture to
so
sail.
high, that
to
own
safety."
to
add,
taste
degrade
this
prudent
admiral.
It
The
which
somewhat consoled us
act of despair.
consequences of this
it
He
was
said,
:
with gold-leaf!
The
Chinese toxicology
at
any
rate,
on a par with
When
man
wishes to
kill
himself, he
ball of the
takes an
almost impill.
when once lodged in the stomach, become undone of their own accord, and spread over
pire, these balls,
the hand.
its
gilt,
ceases to perform
functions,
few
196
THE INSURRECTION
strongly
IN CHINA.
We
recommend
this
method
to all de-
spairing sybarites.
The Emperor once more visited his functionaries The mandarin of Chang-Nan
for not seeing to the defence of the
was degraded
city,
under
his
administration
the major-general
in the
Hou-Kouang,
battle.
hour of
Ki-in was
as his aide-
On
Pekin,
we
offered
diplomatists.
up hearty prayers for the two They were men of loyalty and honour,
be found in a
Chinese.
May
they be able
still
to
From
and
of
In the number
for the
month
197
sum
Tao-Ta* of the Kouang-Si had followed their example, giving 10,000 taels in his turn.
these acts of devotion find few imitators.
all
The
rulers are
aware of
this
alienation of feeling,
and instead of
Hin-
The
old despotism of
The following
is
the petition
all
the
European
notice
is
The Tao-Ta
a province. J. O.
198
" To
reply
all
this
the Governor
made the
following
:
It appears that the rebels
"
'
capital
Ngan-
by our
H ou- Nan
at several
river,
and the Kiang-Si, the main body of them has succeeded, by means of the vessels, in effecting a passage
to the east.
points, but, in
Our grand
could not
districts,
199
The
lorchas
sent
by the
ships are
in the
now
greatest
danger.
If
we do not attack them immediately on their arrival, we shall have a difficulty in hindering them from spreading in all directions. The intendant is, therefore,
now
at anchor off
Chang-Ha
(this
to
now
expected,
may be
Empire
may
altogether vanish.
only will his Majesty the Emperor be deeply sensible of the service rendered,
will
on the other
hand,
we
wait
the
advance
be too
urgency
of the occasion.
200
for
may make I am
awaiting the
I shall on
anxiety.
my
"
When
How-
Hou-Nan about
business,
terprise.
The
east,
wards the
now direct their steps togoing down the course of the Kiang,
rebels
if
their
not intercepted,
all
commerce
will
be at
an end. " In conformity with the above despatch which have just received from the Governor,
to give notice of
it
it is
my
duty
praying
him
let
and to
and
201
frightful brigands
so as to satisfy the feelings of the people and favour I also request that the
may
sail
up
face of
The
authorities
will be obliged to
you
you "
An
important communication.
The
7 th of the
2nd moon
1853)."
March
Emperor
Hin-foung, in a document which we have already given, called the English " barbarians." now
We
find
his
officials
politely
addressing
the
repre-
may be
same at
changed,
we know
The
bottom.
terrified
suppliants.
We
West with
certain set
forms of command.
the
They
mercenary
lorchas.
lorchas
202
Chan.
When
to
the
English
and American
plenipoten-
not probable.
But
if
such
case, the
West were
doubt
among
his tributaries.
And
afterwards no
his troops
had conquered
good and
faithful sub-
The Chinese
of
character
suppliants
they have
implored
the
it is
because they
kings, or in
a duty
in
fact,
a law of
nature
to
assist one's
neighbour.
influence of
their
is
incurable presumption,
they have
attempted, by the
ambiguous
so
phrases, to impose
as to make them believe that if the nations of the West at their desire marched against the insurgents,
it
203
CHAPTER
The
five
XIV.
A word
We have
the
rebel
army.
information on the
Kiang-Nan and the Kiang-Si, information pours upon us in abundance. We shall not repeat here what we have already
said respecting Tin-t,
rumour.
sonage
;
Fame
first
generally deceitful,
we have
since received.
We
make
the
his
ac-
quaintance of the
General-in-chief and
four
204
cator," is a
man
of
tall stature,
by the
He
is
about forty years old; his beard and his hair are
already gray
;
and he
is
said to be
his
endowed with
name, or in
great
courage.
origin,
Although
no one knows
accent betrays a
Canton what
his real
district
he was born.
is
to say,
is
man
of five-and-thirty.
his
lip.
He
is
short,
facility,
and
is
very accessible to
all his
subordinates.
;
No
only
Ta-
it
is
known
that he
is
sister of
ping-wang.
Siao-tcha-kou, or Si-wang, "
is
the
Achilles
of
this
pleiad
In
always
his
fighting
in the
foremost
ranks, and
directing
troops
with a precision
His
graceful, his
is
countenance
is
animated,
and there
oblong
face,
TIIE FIVE
FEUDATORY KINGS.
who
is
205
moustaches.
This man,
is
They say he
is
sister
is,
" King of
man
Canton.
He
old,
He
is
thirty-
two years
great
and
is
said to
be much beloved by
who
consider
He
and
his
features
still
their character.
camp he
lives as
or P-wang,
" King
of
the
North,"
is
the
tall,
He
is
very
brown
skin.
He
is
only
said that
is
the Kouang-Si.
five kings,
They
are
young
and have
all
A large
number of
functionaries
and
officers
sur-
206
We
shall only
men-
two prime
ministers,
who
are assuredly
if
destined to play an
important part,
the insur-
The prime
minister,
Foung-
In person
subtle and
he
is
mind
is
fertile in resources.
known
is is
extremely
the colour
He
is
very thin
his
complexion
He
is
man
of
and
it is
said that
he
is
published
circum-
Chang-ti
perhaps
It will
Member
of Gutzlaff's
officials
union.
of the army.
or decorations.
They
The
title
of
excellency
"
all.
The
and
wear yellow
scarfs,
which
is
scissors,
hidden under a
Those of the
and the
or
green
is
scarfs,
REVOLUTIONARY PROCLAMATION.
There
is,
207
besides, a
towns preaching the holy war, circulating insurrectionary tracts, and receiving the oaths of the initiated.
The oath
is
May
those
who
into
away by
cannon,
hewn
to pieces
The proclamation by which they invite the people to revolt is probably the work of the Prime Minister.
It
is
all
men
In
endowed with a
certain talent.
But
these rats of
the desert
who have
crept
and
followed
in the
Government of
beings to put
human
by
their
who
among
last
not mythical
J. O.
208
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
concealed to the pre-
my name
who
who
lived in retirement at
himself at
Ko- Chan.
My
fall,
ancestors were
subjects of the
magistrates grind
principle of right
you down
in defiance of every
;
and humanity
observing more-
over that you, the people, are shut out from mutual
affection,
virtue,
inasmuch as
whom
it
groans
for
all
these
determination that
until
we
we have overthrown the Tartar dynasty. " We adore with respect the Supreme Lord, im-
REVOLUTIONARY PROCLAMATION.
209
and on
till
onr projects.
and Ou-
councillors,
men
arm
for
your defence.
become soldiers. " You often complain that you do not get enough,
slightest
advance
first to
Know
then that
up our minds
please
to
march
to the East,
we
Eastern shore.
We possess
all
that intelligence
how
is
it
you
time to scrape
the tyrant
The overthrowers of the Shang dynasty in the person of Chew-Yang. The third or Chew dynasty was founded by Ou-Wang. The earliest dynasty, that of Hea, was founded by Yu, surnamed the Great, of whom all sorts of
*
one of the
classical
books of Confucius.
J. O.
210
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
slices
of
bacon
(sic)
to give signals of
your terror?
Why
Yu
settled their
differences amicably?
you are
so blind as not
new
empire,
we
may be
raised
When
you
find
neither
security
your
your
of the
The author of this proclamation is a revolutionist modern school but he is at the same time a
;
is
Howthe
;
amid
of
all
eccentricities,
Christianity
always
discernible
it
worshipper
of
the
Supreme
Being
who
speaks.
The
The
five
Roman
is
centuries
and decuries.
has twenty-
a sergeant,
who
men under
is
his orders.
Four sergeants or a
company
A regiment
comprises
SUPREMACY OF TIN-T.
211
In
this
army there
is
The
by the colour
of the
The mass
by
The
perfect.
Above
ministers,
all
and kings,
Em-
peror Tin-t.
It is said that
in the
Keou-Teou-Chan
kings, with the
*
tions of the
as extracted
hy Dr.
Sir
George Bonham.
:
divided as follows
is
men
these
men, and
Next
every
senior
is
whom
there
is
1
is
to
525
men
Above him
the com-
mander of a
his
flag is
who commands
5 cohorts or 2,625
men
4 feet broad.
brigadier-general
his flag
is
commands
feet broad.
men;
4^
J. O.
212
On
this occasion
he held
More than
After
these
solemnities,
Tin-t
re-
turned with his intimate councillor into that impenetrable retreat, in which,
when
the
crisis arrives,
the
army.
These
sacred
of the
soldiers,
contained
The
Christian;
that she
In the midst of
this great
movement
there
is
no
In
of the
East,
is
West,
appears
circulated
It
which
is
redolent of ultra-methodism.
together
even
four kings
of China
could
have
How-
INSURRECTIONARY IIOMILY.
ever, as one of our leading journals has inserted
213
some
we
are
bound
entire.*
and
West, and
also general-in-chief,
jointly publish
this
seas,
men
and
things.
is
a spiritual, in-
visible,
everywhere present.
any nation which does not know his power. " On referring to the reminiscences of past times
we
find
that
How
"
is
it
ignorant of him
On
the
first
occasion
the supreme
Lord
caused
disfall
days
and
forty
nights,
which
universal deluge.
"
On
214
fested his
his
when
Lord
became
the land
of
Judea,
and
And
whom
he appointed
to
slay
celestial
From
in
of
ninth
moon Jesus
fested himself
by innumerable
and
How
the
then can
of
of
hell
majesty
Heaven ? " How, we add, could the wrath of the supreme Lord be otherwise than kindled against men who worship corrupt spirits, who give themselves up to
unclean actions, and thus deliberately violate the
commandments
all
of
Heaven ?
Why
do ye not wake,
Why
do ye not
INSURRECTIONARY HOMILY.
rejoice to be
215
Most High
fall
into
an epoch
like this,
where
Those
you
it is
will
who
the will of
Heaven
the
shall
be preserved, but
those
who
* At
foung,
this
moment
a
diabolical
Tartar,
Hin-
originally
Mantchou
race.
slave, is
the sworn
More than
this,
he leads
against the
suffer
Most High.
Alas
body of valiant
men
as
as
tree has
its roots,
source.
You seem
own
ensnared with the wiles of the Evil One, you ungratefully rebel against
You seem
subjects
to forget that
you
Chinese
empire,
and the
and
of
the celestial
in the
dynasty,
yourselves.
"
And
yet
there are
216
ment can there be men who would shrink from the common enemy of us all ? " There must now be in the provinces a great
number
of resolute men,
renowned men of
therefore, call
letters,
We,
the
new
sovereign.
This
is
who
Most High
is
pleased
with
mercy.
Our
all.
You ought
before
it is
know
that since
you
your
Although
millions,
may be counted by
and
their
crafty plans
Heaven.
A "POLITICAL SERMON."
" To
ings
;
217
kill
without warning
is
humanity.
urging you,
Hence, we publish
this
proclamation,
people
and
to
Spirit,
and
impure
spirits
be
men
for once
and cease to
If you per-
be imps of the
devil, if
you wish
the
you
will
is
will vainly
gnaw
every finger
The
which
following
Hou-Kouang.
This work,
all
the good
and bad
ticular
now
"
of the
Hou-P, publishes this proclamation reflect upon the origin and fall of empires, we see that when a power loses the affec-
When we
its
dissolution
is
at
hand
for the
we
virtue,
is
218
increase.
During the last two hundred years, the Mantchou dynasty of the Tsings has been distributing
official dignities in
But
by one
Attacking
the oppressor with a bold front, and silently investigating those doctrines which
flourish, or to fall,
cause dynasties to
just
and
right.
He
has
Hou-Kouang, giving
feelings,
free vent to
most kindly
who have
resolved
make common cause with the Emperor, Tin-t, let anything shake you in your determination. Those among you who are possessed of fordo not
tune, ought to contribute according to your means,
to the support of the troops,
ought to
Whoever
shall
can make a
civil or military
mandarin prisoner,
money
as a reward,
and whosoever
thousand pieces.
we
219
we
up
to pillage all
contumacious towns.
tion
is
The
to prevent all
April 1852)."
money promised by Kouo to the mandarin-hunters, are only sapeques, we see that the
As
the pieces of
is
very
is
low.
hundred
sous.
We
may
is
more
Hou-
P and the lai-ger towns connected with it, the rebels went down the Yang-Tze-Kiang, and successively
occupied
Kieou-Kiang,
Gan-King,
and
Ou-Hou.
man-
The ranks
red.
glass.
as follows
4.
1.
Plain red.
blue.
Gilt,
Flowered
Uncoloured
3. 6.
Transparent blue.
Opaque
gilt.
8.
5.
White
9.
glass.
7.
Plain
with flowers in
J. O.
relief.
Gilt,
220
On
at
Go-
head
of
all
collect
Along
the
heed-
In
fact,
there
was a general
sauve-qui-peut.
money and
was
trebled.
food
became scarce
The
own
river
advantage, seized
;
and
and an
appeared before
in-
habitants,
the
Mings
of
all
that
China.
the
its
capital
The
walls
is
at least three
and grass
triple
lately bordered
by a
row of
vessels.
THE KIANG-NAN.
Nankin
sected
is
221
plain,
situated on an
immense
as
inter-
by
canals
as
numerous
those
which
fertile
traverse the
fields,
human body.
In the midst of
The
and dark
foliage.
It is
on the plains
of the province of
is
Nankin that
exported in such
is
enormous
Here
also
is
reaped
the
The Kiang-Nan,
Nankin,
is
Nothing
fulness
in
fruit-
of
this
neither
the
plains
of
are
On
The
p-tsa,
mustard,
enough to
sit
under the
222
the pro-
Kiang-Nan
finest
fruit,
and
We have
seen scarlet
plumage running
ten times as
Belgium, ten times as many as Holland, and rather more than the whole of France.
as
many
Nevertheless,
who
fancy
Nankin
like
is
built
in
the
water.
It
is
city
Rotterdam, surrounded by
fish.
fertile
marshes and
waters abounding in
river
Here, under
clumps of
darins.
trees,
man-
Tcheou-Fou, that city of delights of which a Chinese proverb says, " In the other world there is paradise
;
in this there
is
Sou-Tcheou-Fou."
NANKIN.
223
in their
own
On
Thou-
said that
ancient splendour.
The ramparts
distinguish
form so vast a
hills
circuit that
the
the
eye cannot
city,
ruined
walls.
The modern
mere
village
com-
city
stands
that
which
is
almost as familiar to
web out
of
which he makes
his
summer
pantaloons.
is
The pagoda
tion of
it
of nine stories
an old monument of
shall give a descrip-
We
narrative.
It
is
united
kings are
a
now encamped. Troy is thus defended by formidable garrison. But old Priam is dead, and
is
Hector
at
Pekin
224
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
CHAPTER XV.
Proclamation of the
Empress Disgrace
of Siu.
While
feated
Emperor Hin-foung
He
woman, and
his
called
It
the
weight of
power.
though he
chantments of beauty.
progress performed
by Hin-foung
combut
mencement of
his reign.
but
now he
may be supposed
is
to dwell.
This
in-
Hin-foung
the
more remarkable,
225
vulgar
prejudice.
The
tomed
to look
upon women
would
hands.
inca-
The
bi'ain of
is
weak and
violent
mind
by her gentle
calamities.
influence,
it
his
to
announce
his
Kin-Sin-Pao,
We
first
is
The
people has no
is
pleased
woman
sanctuary.
one among
his children
whom
a
he consi-
ders most
worthy to
is
reign,
but even
to
man
of
merit
who
no
relation
226
who
after
But
ances-
the case
altered
when
the Son of
Heaven
resolves,
the example
give the
tors, to
woman he
by
his throne,
rank of a reign-
ing empress.
He,
happy
the virtuous
woman whom he
For
communicated
The people
the
the
first
had expired.
On the morrow of
will
first
Empire, and
Mantchou language,
towns or
event."
in the
ignorant of the
This
festo.
article
This document
we have
work with the translations of the same document made by the Europeans resident in China, especially by an
historian of the insurrection
227
who
:
Ning-Po, where he has resided for several years " The Emperor, by the will of Heaven, and the
perpetual revolution of the world, says
:
"Even
is
as in nature
we
whom
we learn
Empresses.
wife
For example,
Ngo-ta,
the
of the renowned
Emperor
Chun, and
fulfilled
which were highly edifying to the whole empire. " Absorbed day and night by the vast occupations
belonging to
the inheritance with which
Heaven
pious
medium
of
my
is
an
assistant actuated
by
Niu-lou-kou
a lady
where the natural goodness of her heart, and her exemplary character, is shown by the scrupulous
exactness with
duties.
own
hands.
228
kind
THE INSURRECTION
and
gentle,
IN CHINA.
to
she
deserves
enjoy
every
kind of happiness.
We
pavilions.
In conformity
Heaven, to
earth, to the
manes
of
my ancestors,
ritory
will
be
is
constituted Empress.
in the palace of the
From
administration in
of her
apartments.
"
"
May
On
is
rich in
virtue.
this
joyous occasion,
it
is
(Here follows
chiefly to ladies,
long
list
of favours,
granted
incurred by
official
claimed, the
ministers,
offered
The new Empress having been solemnly promembers of the Imperial family, the
and the high dignitaries of the empire,
of their
at the feet
229
men cannot be
received
bound book.
When
Im-
on their knees, as
if
Hin-
The
who was no
sooner
took the book from under the canopy, and, accompanied by two assessors, advanced to the foot of the
throne.
The
three dignitaries
then
fell
on their
compliment which
in
honour of
young
now duly
performed.
After
this,
230
On
the
all
women
in the
time immemorial.
Youth and beauty, loaded with honour and power, bestow alms upon poor and
age.
laborious
The donation
consists
of
a few
dis-
stuff;
and
than 1,000,000
purse.
taels,
We
is
only
women
of
age,
who
participate in
The proclamation
of the Empress
is
a charming
We
unwillingly quit
and Imperial
edicts.
Our
friend Siu
of his greatness.
When
put
all
The
THE REBELS.
231
who were
cooing
through
the
for
As
some affirmed
;
omen
Canton
better,
rebels.
others,
We shall
is
suppositions
we
own
amusement that
may
be confirmed.
rate,
In that
case, his
be least in danger.
Tao-tai of Chang-Ha,
The
more European
in his
American
Macao.
vessels to
arm them
The Emperor,
we may
it
as his
Whoever takes the fleet of the rebels shall own property all the wealth with
;
which
it is
Whoever burns
be
liberally rewarded.
232
Art. 3.
THE INSURRECTION
Every
individual
IN CHINA.
has slain one or two
who
country.
official
up of prayers
From
received.
the seat of
war no
letter
certain intelligence
was
single
from
the
environs of
and that the conspirators, caught in the had been slaughtered to a man.
mentioned a battle fought with Ta-
fact of incendiarism,
The same
at
first,
letter
were
at
last victors.
Tartar general,
that
lasted four
they
fact
which, by
who
knows the hearty appetite of the children of the Flowery Land. But such are the extravagant reports which the mandarins spread abroad after every
disaster.
1IINESE VERACITY.
is
233
fol-
A
The
immediately
and it is only a wonder, ; " that this brave blue ball" did not prepare a bulletin,
we have
just nar-
the general
we have
we may be guilty of no omissions, and to show how much uncertainty prevails as to the real state of things, and how little
only narrated them, that
confidence
is
to be placed in reports
interest in diffusing.
vernment has an
Chinese
ways.
lies
An
ordinary
lies al-
often,
facts
very often
a mandarin
Two
Government placed
them
234
CHAPTER
Taking of Nankin
clamations
XVI.
edicts
Europeans
insurrection.
Nankin
victorious
is
in the
now an
rival cities,
Nankin and
Pekin
ance.
We
One
do not yet
know
events, but
we
movement:
fleet this city
" To an European
the
would be one of
below the
towards the
of the
sea.
To
mouth
canal
fail
could scarcely
especially
IMPORTANCE OF NANKIN.
Pkin, which
provinces."*
is
235
fed
by
some
extent
of
prophetic.
Sir
When
the
glorious
countrymen
selves before
John Davis
stationed them-
mouth of the
the soldiers of her Britannic Majesty had secured the keys of China, and that they could easily starve
the
It
is
that a Chinese
army
much
whom
they can
have
now
dread
but
at-
they have a
more implacable
foe in the
triumph over everything, even the delights of Capua; but these hordes, picked up at hap-hazard on
a
among the inflammable populations of the KouangToung, the Kouang-Si, and the Hou-Kouang, and joined by thousands of semi-savage Miao-Tze, ex*
The
passage
is
Chinese," published
from the very instructive work, " The by Sir J. T. Davis in 1836. J. O.
236
cited
encompass them.
The
but
it
will,
Kiang-Nan.
fruitful
We
soil
;
we have
is
rich country,
where there
and production.
through the
soil
No
exception,
we
say;
for
even
disperse
fields are
The
which
cultivated,
of
or shakes the
We
Sou-Tcheou-Fou
beautiful,
nothing
is
graceful,
from Sou-Tcheou-Fou.
of routine,
we
the the
Chinese
Celestial
have two.
The "fashionables"
of
237
is
triumphant.
it
of the Government,
has no
Nankin
is
the
of the
literati,
the
men
of science, the
the physicians,
celebrity.
the poets,
science, art,
and
art
pleasure
and a
at once
an
science.
Malte Brun
asserts
None but
geo-
The
go
In
alternately
go to applaud
The Kiangwhere
Parents
Nan
is
Sometimes they
sell
them
to rich mandarins,
some-
238
THE INSURRECTION
and their
IN CHINA.
talents,
through which
in the
women
emfull
purses.
women
in China.
At
of
slight
young
girl of thirteen
then-
of our journaux de
ladies.
Their
mouth was
feet
those
put
on
slippers
These
young
girls
wore
round
their
They
were crowned with flowers of lan-hoa, which emitted a most penetrating odour and their hair, which was
;
terminated in a top-knot.
as milk
:
in
China
so completely white-washed
that
CHINESE BEAUTIES.
resembled the fantastic figures which
screens and fans in which appear a
flying girls
239
cover those
swarm of young
the voluptuous
of Flowers.
the
Kingdom
carefully educated.
The girls had been very They made verses, which they
silken strings,
which
with ivory.
;
This
is
Empire
often so overpowering
girls
whom we
saw,
the privilege of
All
by
a pavilion
securely closed.
This
is
the habitation of
young
All
of
we have
just described.
is
made
silver
their
enjoyment
complete
they
are
afloat.
Hence
240
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
eat, drink,
smoke,
and sleep
in them.
For people of
less
inferior opulence
is
accommodation of
magnificence
provided
is
but
no one
is
which
always
is
productive
under
lio-ht
that glorious
sky which
all
radiant with
or
which flow
by the
olca fragrans.
Hitherto the
recruits
insurgents have
;
made numerous
reached the
on their route
no
more
accomplices.
for
Revolutionary
attempts,
whether
good or
evil,
have
all
this
unfortunate
privilege, that
they attract
kinds of desperate
characters
who
improvement to
on the other
is
army seldom
though
many
followers.
Hence the
rebels,
they probably
command
who
are
sent
against
We
shall
now
The
SANGUINARY DECREE.
Moniteur of Pkin
is
241
who took
the
title
of
According to the
Emperor ordered
retrospective punishment.
subjects
that
manes of the
who
is
died fishtinsr
in defence of the
entire,
Im-
perial power.
remarking
is
that there
sympathies
of
civilized
Such
potent rage
" It seems, according to the report of Tchangleang-ki, that the rebel Siao-tchao-koue has been
killed
by an
explosion.
among the
rebels,
title
When,
had
been killed by the explosion of a cannon at TchangCha, and that his body was buried at Lao-LoungTan.
On
its
this information
his
and
242
com-
panions, to the
still
number
palpitating,
who
The
rebels Houng-sieou-tsun
provinces
filling
up the
come
to a
premature end
of
at
invisible
Ho-Se
and, according to
of the rebels,
Houng-yun-chan has
gone.
now but Houng-sieou-tsun, Yang-sieou-tsing, and a few others, who trouble the province of the Hou-Pe. Those who are forced to
None
are left follow
few conspirators. " The chief officers of the army, and the governors
of provinces, are hereby enjoined to
publish protroops,
clamations
villagers,
in
order
to
engage
the
the
the
the
magistrates,
nobles,
and
the
As
for those
is
decreed that
if
243
be not only
the present
At
all
moment
the grand
army
is
have
are
filled
up the measure of
alike
they
hated
This document
is
retrospective humanity.
before the
enemy
at the battle of
But
easiness with
visited.
is
now
He
plainly
It
is
throughout
;
the
empire
prayers addressed to
trition
Heaven
and these
acts of con-
Pekin.
foung implores the Supreme Being: " Filled with dread and apprehension, I humbly
entreat
Hin-
Heaven
to pardon
my
unhappy people.
now
afflicted.
The
244
THE INSURRECTION
enemy and speedily destroy these monstrous rebels. They will thus enjoy endless peace and prosperity
under the benignant protection of Heaven, while
we and
our
officers shall
feelings of respect
and gratitude.
We
may
desire that
it
on
be
known
this official
"me culpa"
of
is
not
;
sufficient
to
solace
all
the
heart
the
monarch
will pass
he declares to
he
But,
he in-
murder
throne
"
I,
second
moon (March
21st),
Heaven, and
my
subjects,
heavy
and Hou-P. I am
of
also in
deep
affliction
on account
who
Ou-Tchang; and
my
officers,
INCITEMENT TO ASSASSINATION.
by
efficient
245
measures,
rebels
made
their appearance.
was a rebellion
in the
Hon-Kouang, which
people
did not flee
lasted
:
many
years
but
the
the
Would
it
not be better
now
to give
money
to the
" Those
their
who
from
own
free will.
we must
All
receive
them
my *
subjects.
have
?
they
till
my
people
"Wait
my
troops
;
have
surrounded
and
destroyed
will
the
rebels
have tran-
quillity.
who
he
shall
liberally rewarded.
my
sins,
to save
them
suffer
any more on
fall
account.
May
all
future calamities
upon
my my my
head alone."
Hin-foung, however, understands the danger of
his position.
*
He
feels that
what
is
most hated in
is
not un-
J. O.
246
him,
is
to obtain
soldiers of
pardon for
this fault.
on the
Chinese
severity,
territory,
recommending them
to
discipline,
be
However, the
antipathies
of
;
race
are
stronger than
Imperial proclamations
and hence
recommendations.
severely blames
The
the
official
Gazette of Pekin
General
Foung-chn, com-
He
made
extra-
and
march
anew
but
be no more
efficacious
than the
The
once inspired
the
by
much inured
It
to fatigue as
247
now
enervated by the
we
Can
it
may depend
exposed to
on a forced march,
it
is ?
Hin-foung
is
the
hatred of the
Chinese nation, and abandonment by his natural defenders, if these should feel dissatisfied.
There
is
economize
at all,
that
is,
The unfortunate Siu has been beheaded he has been punished for not being a man of genius for not
:
the dregs
We
ought
up
beast
his
companion,
often
without anger,
instinct
to kill has
been
condemned
to death
prolonged
till
after the
autumn
248
assizes.
custom.
for in
such cases
all
An
elaborate
philosophical
discussion,
not
altogether
Thus, in the
peror
last extremity,
Em-
may be
;
prayers
deities,
deaf and
to
to
treachery and
murder.
While
giving
Hin-foung
is
thus
perpetually
losing
way
to fury
proclamations, in
which they depict the hateful rapacity of the mandarins, the sufferings of the people,
cility of the
young monarch, a captive in the midst In one of these of eunuchs, women, and courtiers.
of spirit and genuine
to old patriotic
enthusiasm, they
sentiments,
make an appeal
throw
dynasty.
This manifesto
is
249
greater importance.
The
rebels endeavour to
and to
repudiate
all
who
in every revolution
seem
to start
that they
may
fish
in troubled waters,
This document
too
much
valuable informa-
we
power.
But while
magistrates
and corrupt
nevertheless to
dis-
250
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
"Having
number
of these
marauders are
who
and villages
situated
at
we
have,
number
of disci-
may
is
When
if
and
the inhabitants
of the
The
feelings of cle-
I,
the Commissioner,
am
pene-
me
to
For
may
ings
prompt-
unless he
would be exter-
minated
two
villages to
for
Ou-Hou.
As
you,
to leave
your
towns in disorder,
dered.
so as to
When
word
'
Obedient,' and
if
soldiers causes
you annoyance, he
251
others.
moon
Human
country
rates us
;
actions
in
every
and
some striking
lutionary episodes.
The
mised to
gates,
all
who
will write
"Obedient" on their
minds
effaced.
is
its
memory
to
be
However, the
it
peculiarity of the
document
discipline
for, in
the proof
excesses
is
manding
officer says to
but
be winked
at.
treats friends
tiality,
plundering
If the
repression
is
the
depredations
of
the
Chinese army
Emperor
252
have
alone.
by
he
this
act
But
hopes
tender
to
accomplish:
time to
effect
radical
changes, he
comes forward
faith
good
and admin-
probity
as the
To
a certain ex-
already.
When
a district
is
who supply
has
when he
taken
chiefs
young
positive
girls
;
notice
is
sacred
to young-
However,
most
signi-
you
all
to
at
253
other
until,
As
their
Tao-se,
they must
all
!"
import of which
we must
it
define.
would have
;
known
elements of their
new
organization,
nounce
one
that, to
be classed according
to his merits.
In the
Buddha," the "jugglers of Tao-se," and the other " corrupt sects," to inform them that their temples
will
Who,
tion ?
Is
he a
member
of the Chinese
Union of
GutzlafF.
It
is
impossible
254
just
THE INSURRECTION
now
to obtain
IN CHINA.
this
point, and we must remain in a state of uncertainty as to what is meant by " other corrupt sects."
All that
we
can ascertain
is
we were taught
to
is
The
turn from
the works of art which a poetic and fertile superstition raised from the earth.
ments, and
kin, are
among them
Nan-
by
rigid reformers.
We
all
nations
this
melancholy truth, that the victories of ideas are purchased by the heaviest sacrifices
by
the destruction
human
Man knows
past,
against the
harmless stones that have been raised by the inspiration of the idea against
which he contends.
As
the
become matpagoda of
Nankin
that
relic
255
probably soon
scatter its
with
:
own eyes, and touched it with his own hands " The tower of Nankin is the magnificent comIt
is
of an
At
a distance
it
it
but on approaching
of colours and
we can
gilding with
which
it
is
covered.
is
large
pedestal
of rough
hewn marble
which
it
the
a
forms
is
The
to
the temple,
Above
by a
each
which project to
An
to
less
incommodious
its
summit, and
on
every floor
it.
monument
summit.
of
common
brick,
and
its
thickness
is
The
*
is
covered over
A metre is equal to
an English yard.
256
with plates of
fectly together.
floors
are
seen a
number
and
hall
of
idols,
apparently gilded.
floor is
on each
spire
It
an
altar,
The
high.
ten metres
twisted,
and terminates
which is
The
and
it
Nankin
When we
this noble
is
men who
a
thus loudly
work
to overthrow
monument which
not barbarians,
are
reason
the
is
human mind.
among
as
their reputation
men
of taste.
When,
of Nankin,
bably unpoetized by
der," they wished to
which they have prothe destruction of its " wonprove themselves worthy to
257
Athens of the
**
ridiculous
enough
but in China
it
proves
literary
in
accom-
the most
they themselves
are
learned,
Ye people, this announcement is to set your minds at rest, And hinder you from fleeing to the East and to the West.
The hearths and aitars of the Mings that dynasty sublime Have been usurped by Mantchou hordes until the present time. But now we hurl the Tartars down, and raise the Chinese
throne,
The greedy crew of magistrates shall perish every one. Our deeds are surely virtuous, when Heaven we obey,
So do
Since
not,
first
we
ne'er
have
laid a hand.
ancestors are in
your neighbourhood,
due precautions take,
And
And do
At Houang-Tcheou and
fell,
valiant warriors
Because the hardy peasants for their tyrants fought too well.
258
But though a hundred millions should oppose us in our course, As dust by wind is scattered, we shall dissipate their force. When the Kiang-Nan and the Chang-Toung shall at last submissive be,
You
To these few words of warning you will now attention Nor be by disobedience nor by terror led astray.
pay,
We do not know
any of the
details
connected with
is,
The
At Chang-Ha, howIt
is
hun-
dred Tartar
women
in a public building,
on the pre-
by
on
fire.
also
affirmed
that
the
Mantchou
officials
We
they are
darins,
in
calumnies
invented by the
manhearts
hope
of
awaking
in
the
of
foreigners
feelings
unfavourable to
the insur-
gents.
The Imperial
lost all
functionaries
;
now remain
feel that
isolated in
they
they have
they seek to
prolong
their
existence
by means
and
cir-
of European intervention.
For
this
purpose the
Tao-Ta
of
Chang-Ha
has invented
FORGED PROCLAMATION AT
culated
this
CIIANG-IIA.
it is
259
proclamation
against
which,
of
affirmed,
-
was
posted
the
walls
Sou - Tcheou
forces,
and
of the
Eastern
districts
member
of the
clamation
"
On
moon
Emperor
much as a dog or a fowl. The Lou-kin-yng (Governor of the city) and his adherents, having made their submission, our Emperor has not done any injury to
without leaving so
Chinese
officers,
grand army
will
be
at
Sou-Tcheou, Soung-Kiang,
who
now
in its apogee
is
at the
Soung-Kiang.
are not
The
ignoble foreigners
of
Chang-Ha
;
worthy to be regarded as
to affirm that there will
men
and
it
is difficult
be
no fighting even
at
Chang-Ha.
The
inhabitants of
260
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
Sou-Tcheou and
is
Soung-Kiang (the
situated)
will
if
district in
which Chang-Ha
li
retire
a few hundred
safe.
into
the
country,
they desire to be
The
subjects of
the
preceding
;
dynasty
are
the
children
of
the
new Emperor
When
ment,
recall
we
the
shall
publish
to
their
for
a special proclamation to
people
their
homes, and
occupations,
to
as
urge
well
them
as
to resume
studies
usual
their
the
literary
examinations.
Let
mind.
every
one
impress
these
orders
on
his
The
foreign
residents,
who have
ous
act
them
into
any imprudent
manifestations.
The
in
summate masters
slander.
They
;
barians
and
this
ance of success.
The mandarins
dynasty will
fall.
They
261
surgents
and now, with the aid of commercial cuhave partially obtained their end.
pidity, they
We
flag
some
lorchas of
Science,
mon-
When
to-
up the Yang-Tze-Kiang
were lending
thorities.
their
assistance
There was,
;
at once, a great
commotion in
be revenged for
this
and,
to
exasperation.
Mr. Mar-
into
hi-s
head to
sail
up
The
fell
rebels,
into
they seized,
it is said,
the Governor of
262
Nankin,
whom
city, as a
bloody
of
Colonel
Marshall,
who
returned
to
much
water.
The
was ascertained
aground
off
Under these
difficult
circumstances, a
man
of great
intending either to go
to
Meadows
one of
of the insurrection.
we
shall
of
insurgents
but while
we
courageous underis
we may
state
that
there
not a
man
263
up
is
felt
at
Chang-Ha.
this
for the
common
the characteristic
of
men
For
this
purpose they
defence,
danger of a sudden
is
presented to
their
own energy
all
Although
the eastern
now
chiefly centred in
we receive Kong, which Hong letters from Canton, Macao, and Our correspondents are are full of curious details.
extremity of the empire,
unanimous
in
of the
these
Portuguese mercenaries.
They think
that
264
individual
foreigners
all
will
be
productive
will
of
harm
to
be revenged on
of a few.
a few months
ago
described
the
insurrectionary-
movement
is
as a
mere
act of bravado of
no importTin-t
tion,
to have
been
freed from the rebels, has once more fallen into their
;
their troops.
the
gates of
and prays
with
all its
overthrow of the
Manthis
tchous.
in
province,
the
magistrate
of Ho-Ping-Hein,
assassinated
and a colonel of the Imperial troops, have been by the people, because they attempted to
In
the great cities hatred against
all
of the mandarins.
the opposition
The young men of fashion join by cutting off the tail, and adopting
In
fact,
the
26. >
of
our
friends
who
of
are
to
favourable to the
the
regard
as
overthrow
the
throne
Hin-foung
an established
266
CHAPTER
State of parties in
XVII.
the legitimate descendant
China Is Tin-t
?
of the Mings
Prophetic rebuses.
preceding pages were written when the Hong Kong journals of the 22nd of April reached us. One of the Anglo- Chinese papers states, that on the
departure of the schooner Iona, from Chang- Ha,
The
insurgents out of
Nankin.
Notwithstanding the
gence,
we do
not believe
it is
:
correct.
of Chang-Ha has published a proclamation to inspire the people of his district with fresh courage.
In
this official
document he
Kouan-
RUMOUR OF A DEFEAT OF
young was
short
at
TIIE REBELS.
267
upon the
rebels,
and make
On
kings,
it
was
that
the
new conquest
action
The
infinite
capable.
Now,
sibly
if
the attack on
Ha, which
brated
city.
In China,
It
is
just possible
com-
asserted.
The
affairs
of the Pretender
are
now
268
battle.
would require a
series of
unprecedented
The
die
insurrectionary
one
is
is
other
the spirit
by which
it
is
animated.
The
;
and intelligence
of
the rebels
to the principles
is
upon which
based.
among
number of
the officers in
command
for the
Canton.
most part,
by
their hatred
who once
dared, al-
they forced
to
form
itself into
break
But
at this
moment
were seen by the Homeric heroes a thick cloud enveloped the two armies, and the
those which
invisible,
ceased
-to
dethe
On
when
269
cupied
the
evening before
but
the
latter
had
The gueremained
fright-
therefore, finding
no enemy to
fight,
had
arms
and
However, the
of
chiefs
the
European
art
capable of resisting, not only the best troops of the empire, but also the Tartar troops.
Nor
is
this the
Not only
of the
is
tigers,
understood,
work they are now performing. To make ourselves we must revert to the secret societies of
China
;
a competent authority,
we borrow from
:
the former
Governor of Hong Kong, Sir John Davis, what he # has written on the subject
" The
fraternities
Government
*
"
The
Chinese," vol.
ii.
p.
14.J. O.
270
Of
the
first
Water-lily'
(a sacred plant),
Incense-burners,'
Shing-yu
is
confounded the
Roman
The
it
present
weak
state of the
Government renders
cruel
leaders.
is
But
imply that
Tartar dynasty.
burial-ground at Macao, by a gentleman in the company's service, who, understanding the meaning of
it,
whom
he happened to be ac-
quainted, and
who
not be made public, as he should be severely punished for the mere discovery of such a seditious
district
271
the
flourishing
heavenly
ten
homage,
it
by fraud, and
this
procure
horses
display
let
aloft
the
flowery
standard
Raise troop3
and
seize
weapons
us exterminate
the
Mantchou
race.'
Society,
whose
The name of
means
The
society of
Man
partments of nature.
cyclopaedia, arranged
There
is
a well-known Chinese
In
commencement of
the present century, the Triad Society, under another name, spread itself rapidly through the provinces,
Government.
trated,
and had nearly succeeded in overturning the In 1803 its machinations were frusthe
official
death
that
s
Emperor member of this rebellious frateralive.' But the fact was otherwise;,
reports stating to the
272
for they
THE INSURKECTTON
still
IN CHINA.
existed,
at first to
aimed simply
but, as the
numbers
political
In foreign countries,
exist,
and their
mutual defence,
as well as
plunder and
defend
other dishonesty.
They engage
to
each
assist
police-officers,
and to
members
in his
Still,
himself.
merely benevolent, as
is
distich,
with
meaning
"
'
The management of the combination is vested in three persons, who are denominated ko, elder brethren, in the same manner that Freemasons style
each other
*
"
brother.'
Of
their
internal discipline
273
little
information.
to
The
for
society's
said
be
written
may be thrown
for a time.
The oath
of secresy
is
taken before an
general expense.
called
'
There
'
is
likewise
a ceremony
Kouo-Kiao,'
passing
the
either
bridge,'
laid
which
bridge
is
formed of swords,
or
else
set
between
and
two
tables,
up
on the
hilts,
The
who
receive
the
oath take
it
under the
response
is
given by the
new member
'
after
is
which
he cuts
off the
the usual
perish all
Thus
who
the marks
by
is
to each other
the
number
is
three.
To
company, a brother
cover, in a particular
up a
three
tea-cup,
fingers,
by
and
its
way with
T
this will
be answered by a correspond-
274
ing sign.
of
seal,* consisting
a pentagonal figure,
which
are
inscribed
by the
" Except
in their
to
another name.
at their initia-
tion to be fraternal
sponds with
These are
so striking as to merit
deem
masonry worthy of
the fingers, as far as
to bear a
investigation.
he,
Freemasonry
consists in
term Hiong-ti (brethren) of the Triad Society may be " explained as implying the same idea.'
*
This
is
curiously rendered
&c.
by
MM.
un dieu"
which
is
the expressions,
275
life.
Thus
at Malacca, Singapore,
pean has a transaction with the Chinese, and suspects their integrity, he obliges
them
to
make
their
There
is
Now,
and
two
cir-
When
the
Government attempted
For
this
to kindle
ment
fatal to
foreigners.
purpose
it
en-
The
success of this
its
the hopes of
projectors
its
integrity,
and shouted
clubs,
276
However, British valour soon calmed The "fire-ships" and the vescence.
gourds" (bombs)
this effer-
"blazing
populace
made
the
enthusiastic
ment
orators
of an opposite tendency.
the
throw
all
the Emperor.
The
who had
humiliation to
Mantchous.
Even
willingly
at that
time, the
have suppressed
it
commotion
it
had
it.
caused
but
hesitated
wanting to
the
is
not always
sufficient to
produce a revolution.
277
by the conquerors.
of letters" at Canton,
little for
who had
now
of their conquerors.
For
this
whom
about
and
it
was
Chinese Union.
From
number
Anglo-Saxon Chang-ti.
Chinese catacombs
-pie to
anew the
cap-
now armed
the Tartars.
While writing
whether
Mings.
Tin-t
this history,
is
we
are
often asked
really
descendant
of
the
We
we
will state
what
is
subject.
They do not
macy
no such obligation.
The
heir of a dynasty
and
feelings,
which animated
his race.
278
he free his
if
he establish
"will
he
prove
but
if
if,
when he
a mere roifaineant
posterity
At
learned.
His
all
who
time
are
disciples
Confucius,
and Protestants or
God.
all
the
innovators,
with
the
punishment.
false,
His ministers,
his generals,
norant and
and
who
are cowardly
They propose no
dently
tell
that have
279
in
consists
bad feelings
is
which
natural to
still
fermenting in the
bosoms of
his
agents.
We, who
first
have personally
known
We
certainly
bamboo
as they
went along
we
But
men
locked up in
cages, like
torn
out
have
greatly
changed
our
opinion,
and
have inspired
us with a
profound
Certainly,
the
cause of
Hin-foung may
when we
predict the
We
may add
that, in
is
approaching
termination.
280
are, in
many
by which he is carried away. In China, the Rev. Dr. Macgowan, a man of superior mind, a skilful
physician, and an assiduous student of the Chinese
The Exsuperior
;
Dynasty
in China."
many
minds
but
it
will
fulfilled,
for justice
Hence, from
all
that
we can
many
vicissitudes.
is
But
the opinion
result of the
sympathy
We
a letter
shall
now end our labours by transcribing which we have received from Macao by the
This letter
is
last mail.
serious man.
He
is
we who might
is,
He
in fact,
281
received with
affairs
This
letter, therefore,
may be
perfect confidence;
disinterested
the
author sees
from a
As
we can
only say,
really exists,
"
arrived
for China,
spark
vagabonds of obscure
interest alone,
manner
of ancient Rome.
to be
By degrees, although
they seemed
mere adventurers, they became revolutionists, then patriots, and ultimately heroes, proclaiming
nothing else than the foundation of another dynasty.
from west to
them.
east,
They are now masters of Nankin, which they intend to make the seat of the new government,
because this city was the residence of the ancient
"Nothing can
resist this
overwhelming torrent;
282
to
march
and
is
it is
possible that
now
while I
am
in their power.
In their
official
documents,
the
revolutionary
chiefs
:
protest
that
the expulsion of
of
pagodas and
mere promises.
razed
here,
and
it
for
it is
believed that
of
faith,
it is
At
the present
commented upon, that we may learn what destiny Heaven has in store for us. I must tell you an
anecdote connected with this subject, which
has
A CHARACTERISTIC ANECDOTE.
made
I
a
283
ManI was
when I saw
passing near
me
went up
to him,
the long
tail
which
hung
down
his
"
'
That
is
my great surprise, the doctor exhibited no at my remark, which a little while ago would
me
with an
word.
"
'
What
is
I.
laconic answer.
Then, after
he added
'
me
a few moments
'
Certainly,'
" ' Then come home with me.' " Without saying a word, we proceeded to
father's
store.
his
On
284
(bowed
his
and we went up
door.
to the
floor.
Here
my
After
bed, and
half eaten
by worms.
is
"
'
What
This,'
that
?'
I asked, eagerly.
in a
"
'
he
replied,
solemn tone,
e
'
is
the
future.'
"'The
much?'
"
deuce!' I exclaimed.
Did
it
cost
you
serious Chinese
is
is
a rarity
:
but a mournful
Chinese
a perfect
phenomenon
judge then of my
astonishment,
voice
when
me
in a dismal
"
It has cost
life.
me
nothing yet
it
but
it
may
cost
me my
if
is
Better would
This book
Book
of Prognostics.
It
was composed by
attached to
Yuns.
The
penalty of death
it
its
ownership; for
contains, in
an
allegorical form,
Turning over a
see these three
'
You
A CHARACTERISTIC ANECDOTE.
285
"I
few
which
contained a
little
interest as
works of
art
even
Chinese
art,
and
handed
"
it
mark whatever.
it ?'
'
I replied,
for I
understand nothing.'
"
'
How
is
that ?
;
It
it
is
very
plain.'
still
" 'Possibly
but
will
be plainer
when you
have explained to
me what
:
Lo-se
'
no matter
first
page, and
tell
me what you
see.'
" I
'
"'Good!
people.'
Proceed.'
filled
with
go on.'
see
"'I now
fours,
all
on a very lean
;
" ' Right again do you understand now ?' " e Indeed I do not,' I exclaimed with impatience.
"
'
my
ear.
1 have told
relate to the
286
fall
The horseman
and
the
ma, a horse.
first
Now Tchn
person
who
who was
If the
been
"
l
still
But
said I.
An
old
with people,
is
is
called in China,
Manover-
which
the
name of
the Tartars,
who
As
Blue River
in
it
buffalo.'
"
Good
that
is
the
god Fo
called Ian,
and
a buffalo
lan-si.
called
si.
The
!
"*
'
What
the French
'
I exclaimed, laughing.
'
" Yes
the Fo-lan-si ;
it is
written thus.'
"Now, my
friend, these
are
Chinese rebuses.
A CHARACTERISTIC ANECDOTE.
Communicate
it
287
this prediction to
your countrymen,
may
stimulate
them anew
my
friend,
is
that
it
is
the
spirit of Christianity
foung.
This
spirit
prove right."
288
SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER.*
BY THE TRANSLATOR.
Sir George
Bonbam's proceedings Interview of Mr. Meadows with the insurgent chiefs at Nankin Sir George Bonham's " The Triaccount Religious ideas of the insurgents
metrical Classic"
of the insurgents
Capture of Amoy.
MM.
Callery and
The
narrative
Yvan
ends,
The
is
confirmed.
The departure of Mr. Meadows, on the 9th of April, which MM. Callery and Yvan term, " one
of the most interesting episodes of the insurrection,"
*
The
authorities
for
" Supplementary
letters,
commercial
above
all,
War
in China," printed in
August 1853.
J. O.
SIR
289
any important
result.
He
on the 10th,
Tchang-Tcheou,
to
Chang-Ha (Shang-hae).
The
foreign residents at
tranquillized
by the
Bonham, the
British Plenipotentiary,
who visited
the
place to ascertain
how
far the
accounts connected
This fact
Callery
MM.
and
Y van.
After a short stay at Chang-Ha, Sir George Bonham, acting on the information brought back by Mr. Meadows, proceeded, in company with that gentleman, up the Yang-Tze-Kiang in the Hermes.
On
The
fire
was not
city, to
returned
the
effect
290
position,
some twenty-five
lorchas, all
under the
presence
;
Chinese
flag,
of the Hermes to
the fight was
make an
attack on Tchn-Kiang
pro-
At Nankin,
stop.
shore,
was taken
to a public office,
and there held a conversation for some time with two insurgent " princes," of which
is
the following
after the
Hermes dropped
I,
in
accompanied
immediate
by Lieutenant
Spratt,
whom
Our
yards
Two
and the
soldiers
291
me
to kneel.
This I refused to
potentiary
to
make
inquiries
Nankin.
As
sword,
to dis-
advisable to follow
I accord-
Ta
'
armed followers commenced beating the man who had been most proBeat
'
!
two or three of
their
One
if
of the chiefs,
whom
'
I subsequently ascertained to be I
known
as
worshipped
God
'
On
his
this
com-
ordered
be brought.
After
and
my
companion
292
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
first
two
Prince,
me
directly,
and only
making a
by
his
to or addressed
superordinate.
The
chiefs,
conversation
on
my
number and
relative
viz., to
the
desire
British
Government
to
I explained
him
that
we had no
had
fol-
also that
the
officials,
stating that
the
services
of a
number of
were included
sale of
such
craft, after
293
but
"To
made
all
this the
Northern Prince
listened,
little
far as directed
own.
one
He
and worshippers of
God we were
if
brethren
and
after receiving
my
inquired
teaon).
knew
the
'
He
answered eagerly in
first
of the
far before
hand on
'
my
The
same
'
while
satisfaction, as
He
my
might peace
exist
between
us,
intimate friends.
kin, land
He added, we
He
he
whom
named Lo Ho Sun,
He
who cured
the sick
294
home
sionary?)
He
and
appearance of
that he
much
his
and alluding
to our declaration
of neutrality and
of thorough
conviction,
'
It
would be wrong
is
for
you
to help
them
and, what
more,
it
would
be of no use.
no one can fight with Him.' " With respect to the proposed meeting, he pointed
to one of his officers standing near,
latter
and
said the
who might
for
was an
Bonham Ma-
jesty's service,
were previously
settled where,
e
to be received.
be,'
How*
may
was the
reply,
he
sitting.'
And
would take
2U5
yamun'
in the city,
make my
report
In reply to
my
inquiries respect-
Wang,
of China
the
he
is
said,
looking at
is
The
;
true
is
Lord
still
of China
he
your
Lord
also.'
As
to insist
on an answer, and,
tion
His conversa-
religious beliefs
it
he
of periods
when
in writing that
any
Chang-Ha would
296
Nankin.
As
An
apology
now
who
a mistake on the part of the officer in charge of the batteries, and the Hermes returned to
in safety.
Chang-Ha
George Bonham's account of the insurgents at Nankin is as follows " I found th e insurgents had established a kind
Sir
:
first
who
is
sup-
new
do
either
younger broattempt at
ther of
Our
Saviour.
There was
admitted
little
mystery
as to Taeping's origin
insurgents,
it
was
by several parties
of the
that
he was
literary
graduate
Canton
province,
strange doctrine
,'
that
is,
he studied
can be
little
doubt,
from the
his small
late
Dr.
Gutzlaff's Union.
Taeping and
nu-
embarked
in this insurrec-
and gene-
SIR
Pal
297
BUCCesSj
force.
Under
this
above alluded
fighting
men
though I believe
number who
On
expedition
confirmatory
MM.
Callery and
Europeans
and
by
all
interested mandarins.
A difficulty,
China
and that
however,
is
lies
chief of
this notion is
is
not
lightly entertained
by the insurgents
evident from
Bonham, during
"
by them Nankin
:
to Sir
George
We,
Prince
of the East,
(an ecclesiastical
and Generalissimo; and " Prince of the West, Seaou, Assistant Minister
of State, and also Generalissimo, both subjects of
the
Celestial
dynasty,
now under
the
sway
of
298
have
long
recognised
the
duty
of
worshipping-
recently
come
into
minds at
rest,
and harbour no
suspicions.
men and
this the
and
all
how
can there
exist,
and man
or
how any
between principal
human
by the demoniacal
God
life,
sustaining
infinite
made by
Jesus, our
world.
Elfin
Hence
it
is
Huns
so
fraudulently
robbed
But,
our
Celestial
territory
(China).
happily,
Our
299
God
the Heavenly
been preserved
entire,
maintained.
to
convey
into
our royal
Heavenly King,
up
niacal
of every
kind, and
expel
them
all,
And, beyond
happy
is
it
that the
God
in
Saviour of the
month of
past,
where,
for
of men,
a vast
aiding our
have not
far to come,'
and acthe
not
only
are
300
soldiers
lighted
gratified
but even in
high
heaven
Brother
fidelity
itself
Avili
our
Celestial
Father
and
Elder
also
admire
this manifestation of
your
and truth.
We
in,
backwards or forwards, in
own
will or wish,
whether
and
will,
this
new
race
decree of
Sovereign) Taeping
for
the
information of
you English,
human
may
learn
to worship our
to rule.
men,
month
of the year
Kweihaou
(1st
May
1853), under
" Note.
which
this
document
twelve
301
Their present
April."
From
by means of
this
expedition,
will be
MM.
Callery and
Yvan
particulars.
In the
tion
first
XIV.
as a spurious
Now
it
proclamation
is
shorter version
pamphlets ob-
George Bonham, and given by him Dr. Medhurst for supervision and transthe Rev.
by
Sir
lation.
About
"classic,'
there seems to be no doubt whatever, and its " Methodism," or, as we should say, its puritanical
tone,
is
sufficiently important,
proclamation,
302
earth
And
In
all
things therein.
six days,
He made
the whole
Was endowed
under heaven
Keep
It
is
said that in
former times,
Israel.
And
Then
a king arose,
;
sons to live
And
The
very
great
difficult to bear.
God
To
He commanded Aaron
"THE TRIMETIUCAL
To go and meet Mosee
:
CLASSIC."
303
And wrought
divers miracles.
his heart,
;
And would
locusts.
frogs,
Which
And
The
When
And
the
King
still
refused,
to blood
;
river
was turned
Throughout
Egypt.
He
He
slew their
first
born ;
When
But Out The
the king of
resource
;
Egypt
Had no
let
them go
of his land.
great
God
cloud,
By day in a By night in
The
great
a pillar of
fire.
God
his heart,
:
And
304
And
Were very much afraid. The pursuers overtook them, But God stayed their course
He himself fought for them, And the people had no trouble. He caused the Bed Sea
With its waters to divide To stand up as a wall,
;
The
people of Israel
vrith a steady step,
Marched
And
lives.
to cross,
off;
When the
And
The
great
they were
drowned.
God
When
the}'
came
to the desert,
They had nothing to eat, But the great God Bade them not be afraid. He sent down manna,
For each man a pint
It
;
was
as sweet as
honey,
"
THE TRIMETRICAL
satisfied their appetites.
CLASSIC."
305
And
The
And wished to eat flesh, When quails were sent, By the million of bushels.
At
the
mount
Sinai,
law
Cannot be
altered.
In after ages,
It
Through
But
When men
Out of pity
Sent his
into misery.
mankind,
first
born son
into the world.
To come down
His name
is
Jesus,
sin,
of extreme misery.
They nailed his body Where he shed his precious To save all mankind.
;
blood,
306
He rose from the dead And during forty days He discoursed on heavenly
things.
When
He commanded his disciples To communicate his Gospel, And proclaim his revealed will. Those who believe will be saved, And ascend up to heaven But those who do not believe,
;
Will be the
first
to be
condemned.
The
great
Without a second.
states,
They walked
in one way.
From
the time of
Pwan-koo
Down
And Wan
With
of the
Chow
Honoured God
the intentest feeling.
The
inscription
on T'hang's bathing-tub
;
Wan
was very
"THE TU M ETHICAL
I
CLASSIC."
.'JO?
Ami
So
intelligently served
God;
to
who submitted
him
Were two
When Tsin obtained the empire, He was infatuated with the genii, And the nation has been deluded by
For the
last
the devil,
Both followed
this
example
When Woo
He repented of his folly, And lamented that from his youth up, He had always followed the wrong road. Ming, of the Han dynasty,
Welcomed
the institutions of Buddha,
monasteries,
And
To
set
up temples and
Was
still
infatuated,
But the
Is the
great
Yuh-hwang God
supreme Lord
all
Over
the world,
The
His name
most honourable,
To
be handed
Who
It
was
this
distant ages
That he dared
same
Hwuy
;
308
From Hwuy,
of the
Sung dynasty,
years,
error.
Up
For
these seven
hundred
Men
With the
God
;
to the utmost.
The
great
God
displays
;
But the
man
God And
is
therefore displeased,
come down
He was
received
up
into heaven,
Where the affairs of heaven Were clearly pointed out to him. The great God
Personally instructed him,
And communicated
God
also
doctrine.
And
conferred
upon him
a sword,
fiends,
309
There was one who looked on with envy, Namely, the king of Hades
;
Who
And
displayed
much
malignity,
But the great God, With a high hand, Instructed his Son
To subdue this fiend And having conquered him, To show him no favour. And in spite of his envious eye,
;
Where the great God Gave him great authority. The celestial mother was kind,
And
exceedingly gracious,
Far beyond
all
compare.
The
Was
virtuous,
Son
;
To come down into the world And when he sent him down, He charged him not to be afraid.
I
am
To
310
When
the great
God
Appeared on
his behalf.
They both came down into the world Where he instructed his Son
How
to sustain the
weight of government.
God has set up his Son To endure for ever, To defeat corrupt machinations,
And
to display majesty
and authority.
To divide the righteous from the wicked And consign them to the misery of hell,
Or bestow on them the joys of heaven. Heaven manages every thing, Heaven sustains the whole
:
Let
all
new monarch.
Worship God,
Keep
his
commandments,
And And
The
do not disobey.
refined,
;
be not depraved
great
God
To
311
a good beginning
error of a hair% breadth May lead to a discrepancy of 1,000 careful about little things,
An
Be
le.
And
The
great
God
Is not to
be deceived.
Little children,
Arouse your
energies,
Upon the good blessings descend, And miseries on the wicked preserved, Those who obey Heaven are perish. disobey who And those The great God
;
Is a spiritual Father
Depend on him.
The
great
God
Will obtain
blessings.
their flesh
Do
Nor any
not
slay;
312
THE INSURRECTION
The
Will
great
IN CHINA.
God
out his laws.
strictly carry
happiness
Heaven
And
Little children,
error.
the insurgents
orthodox
spurious
Confucians,
Christianity.
with
superstructure
is
of
While Buddhism
stigmatized, not
a word
is
losopher;
whom
the
the
dated,
is
same
Emperor who
is
TA-I'I\<;
liis
The
Con-
" Trimctrical
production contained in
MM.
Callery and
Yvan's
cited as
who have
and
is
five
classical books." #
We
may
also surmise
MM.
Not only does it seem to be ascertained some time ago, but also that the " King Pacificator," is the Chinese present chief, the
of Tin-t.
in the
Now,
in
if
we
contained
Chapter X.,
we
remark of Sir
J. T.
Davis
may
may
it
be,
As Confucianism
scarcely be said to
suasions.
is
can
come
The
civil
with the
ii.
and
of China."
The Chinese,
45.
314
This document
as a forgery, to
treated
all
by
MM.
Callery and
Yvan
but at
have been
does the
"confession"
harmonize with the importance given to Tai-ping in the " Trimetrical Classic."
At
it
difficulty arises
commu-
nicated
by Mr. Meadows,
in a letter to
Mr. Alcock,
as claiming the
of Tin-t,
died
whom
he
His
son, a
youth of
two or three-and-twenty,
throne under the
is
now
the acknowledged
of Taeping.
He
is
assisted
by a number
gentry,
tion barred
who found
by the mal-administration of the Mantchous, and also ex-mandarins who had conceived
themselves unfairly deprived of their rank.
the latter
is
Among
ment
315
army
to
is
The
head-dress in
i.
that of the
Ming dynasty,
queue
e.,
the hair
The men
in
receive a
unknown
the
Mantthat
chou armies.
all
strict discipline is
maintained, and
of cutting
down
all
who
fly,
or
who
hesitate to adcities
In two or three
where
woman, and
tations of
child
elders
It
is
said
that
insurgent
have made submission as the army has advanced northward, by getting their title-deeds re-indorsed to them in the name of the new dynasty, on payment of a fee to the civil
landed
proprietors
not only at
316
but
also Avith
the description of
MM.
describe
him
as a
man
than Tin-t.
However,
ping
is
as
we have
If
Tap-
we
palace."
MM.
Callery
and
;
Yvan have
it
and
should
when
The
Chinese papers
now
call
Amoy, one
was their
is
first
of Europeans,
May :
"
On
317
who on
that day,
it
in-
up the Chang-Chow
mandarin of the
direction
river,
place.
and
to
it
where
On
moved
some of
whom
yet
many were
men spoken
of to be bands
whom
large
On
was suddenly
would arrive
usual,
all
was
after-
left their
and few,
;
and
has
at the
same time
it
was
who
318
if
he
would be frustrated
is
and probably,
the
to.
as the
Taow-kai
natives,
a compromise
Much
anxiety prevailed
night
awake.
mained
boats of
quiet,
all descriptions
and
sizes,
and
filled
descried
approaching
fleet
on the boats
but, whether
wind or
off,
inclination, the
posed.
the
The first boats could scarcely have reached shore when it became evident that nearly all the
coolies,
wharf
Amoy
public
The
in
the
suburbs
were immediately
one
or
burned
but
this
dangerous
way
of destroying
them
was
from
not,
we
are
happy
outskirts.
its
The
destruction of the
Custom-house,
and the
319
manner
in
the residence of
its shroffs
the
work
men
and matchlocks,
mob
the purcarefully
yet, they
some most
efficient
system of control
did
is
kept up by
the society.
The Taow-tae
its
not arrive,
and
though the
appears, besides,
many members
of the society
city
;
the gar-
had nearly
all
force.
was
became
quiet,
An
hour or two
opened the gates and allowed the rebels to enter unmolested, joining with them, so that the mandarins
but no desire
;
to capture
them
for,
320
them-
About
this
left
The
main
all
flag.
Shortly
in possession
how
After
the
different
public
;
buildings
in
without
the
slightest molestation
and while
them
which
it
at night.
walls,
The
streets,
are
literally
crowded with
but no
house.
last
A large body
appears quiet
manner
in
duct themselves."
An
CAPTORS 01 AMOY.
of
321
Amoy
tors
of Nankin,
Where events are so very recent, and where so much obscurity prevails, it is impossible to determine how far such an opinion may be correct. But we remind
got up a minor insurrection of their own.
MM.
Callery
in the provinces to
Amoy may
may have
arisen
among them,
by no means
do not represent
seems likely to unite the most various populations under one head.
322
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
POSTSCRIPT.
Proceedings of the insurgents at Amoy, Nankin, and Chin-kiang-
foo State
of Pekin
Visit
camp
Latest advices.
While
the last pages were passing through the press, the China
confirmatory of the
strict
discipline
and
continued success.
With regard
to the capture of
:
Amoy by
of the insurgents, and that the conduct of the captors had been
so orderly that trade was expected to be immediately resumed, rumours, however, arose of serious dissensions among the rebel
chiefs regarding the future
government of the
place,
and much
anxiety was
gents.
felt
The
arrival,
Exaggerated reports
POSTSCRIPT.
in the
323
harbour with a
ttcct,
stated
teen,
and
in the
two
miles,
who marched steadily towards the citadel when the rebels made a rush and drove them
back to their boats, with a loss of about twenty or thirty killed, and from twenty-five to fifty prisoners. Next day the rebels began trying the prisoners with great formality. They were
exceedingly
to the Europeans, placing chairs for all who All the Tartars taken were immediately beheaded, the insurgents making no secret of their intention of
civil
liked to attend.
whole race
soldiers,
It
is
self-control,
is
They
are
now
The
insurrection
making steady
hatred of mandarins appears to be universal. " Chang-chow and Tang-wang have both succumbed to the
insurgents,
Tang-wa the
though not without severe loss to the latter. At inhabitants en masse, though sanctioning the
ejectment of the mandarins, have refused to allow the insurgents to have anything to do with the government, and have
who
"
Some months ago, when the Governor- General Siu,in command of the main body of the Imperial forces, was defeated,
and
'
fled
from the
rebels,
ing mines.'
"
The
On
the 8th of
March they
1
9th of that
month sprung
a mine under
324
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
about twenty or thirty yards in extent. They immediately stormed by this, meeting with only a slight resistance from some
to
and,
which
in
the
time
of the
Mings was, and now is again, called the Imperial City, but which under the Ta-tsing dynasty has been occupied by the hereditary garrison of Tartar bannermen and their
families.'
"
The
'
is
stated in
the
Imperial
army
regulations' at 5,106
men, but
it is
known
fully
men was
7,000 or 8,000; and that the total number, of all ages and both sexes, could not have been less than from 20,000 to 30,000.
It
in self-defence.
was expected that these Mantchoos would fight desperately They were well armed and trained, and they
well
knew
that the
first
duty of
his mission
women and
children
faces,
so
many
Only 100 escaped out of a population of more than the rest, men, women, and children, were put to the 20,000
;
sword. " On the 31st of March, early in the morning, the insurgent
flejt
of river-craft sent
kiang.
down from Nankin approached ChinOnly the Macao lorchas despatched up the river by
fleet flying
Imperial
in
dismay
enormous
number of
Island.
vessels
moving
against them.
The
lorchas were
to retreat,
this
as far as Silver
From
The
POSTSCRIPT.
families of the
325
fate
resident Tartars,
all
warned by the
of their
compatriote at Nankin,
number
surrounding
villages.
On
Kwa-chow and
Yang-
chow on
the northern
manner,
without resistance.
lined the river
bank
fell
The
is
at
a fleet of
armed
which
considerable force of
collecting between
our sepoys, in
Eng-
"
is
fully
and by private
from Pekin.
and we know that commenced the State funds had not recovered from The Central the drain caused by the English indemnity. Government has now been compelled to pay in notes, which, as
been expended in these military operations
;
they represent nothing but the emptiness of the Imperial Treasury, have no value in the market. In consequence of
their issue, about 100 of the private
banking establishments,
low as 100 cash) form the circulating medium in Pekin, closed in a single day, causing immediate embarrassment and distress among the lower classes, whose posi-
whose notes
(for
sums
as
tion
grain.
"
Our
326
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA.
Mantchous
and
tse
fertile low lands on both sides of the YangYellow River on the North, and the Bay of Hangchow on the South. These supplies used to be despatched by the Grand Canal in the months of March, April, and May,
;
being in each case the contributions from the crops of the preceding year.
During the last two or three years a portion has and last year a thousand junks cleared seaward from the port of Shang-Ha'i. This year none has been sent by canal, and the whole supply furnished by the abovementioned region was that contained in some 200 vessels, which left this port about a month ago, forming probably not onefifteenth of what will be required.
been sent by
sea,
"
We
Pekin.
have noticed above the extreme pressure for money at It appears, from the Gazettes, to be driving the
to perfectly suicidal measures.
Government
The
properties of
Comsons,
their
As both of
had been brought prisoners to Pekin, and the ibrmer had been already tried and condemned to death for inefficiency, these proceedings had in them nothing unusual. But the same fate has befallen the property and family of Luhkeen-ying, who fell at his post in Nankin. The death of an officer at his post, by the hand of the enemy, has hitherto been
held to obliterate
all faults.
The
humous honours on
Now
manner and flagrant dereliction of duty. Besides the above transaction, heavy loans have been exacted from some wealthy families, those of Muh-chang-ah, Keying, and other former ministers, amounting to a partial confiscation of their property. The Times correspondent at Hong Kong, writes on the 7th
unsuccessful devotion has been visited in the same
as early
July
POSTSCRIPT.
327
still
Ilk'
remains at Nankin,
westward of Nankin.
No movement
to
The
had returned
Woosung.
" Mr. Taylor, the American missionary, had returned to Shanghai from visiting the insurgent General Loo at Chin-
kiang-foo,
a
wish to go there.
to
Nankin on
his expressing
tinctly seen
"
From
all
from the walls of that city. communication hitherto held with the insurgents
they seem friendly to foreigners." " The following is a letter addressed by General Loo to foreigners, and given to Mr. Taylor
:
"
who have
:
received
the
command
following information to
first
On
the
to
day of the fifth moon (June the 5 th) a brother belonging your honourable nation, named Charles Taylor, brought
hither a
number of
a fellow-worshipper
acknowledged as a brother; the books, likewise, which he has brought agree substantially with our own, so that it appears we follow one and the same road. Formerly, however, when a ship belonging to your
is,
God
(Shang-te), he
therefore,
honourable nation came hither (the Hermes), she was followed by a fleet of impish vessels belonging to the false Tartars now,
:
also,
when
among
wake.
its
us, the
celebrated for
any
suspicions.
At
is
present both
We
328
THE INSURRECTION
IN CHINA. we need
do
on our
parts,
two parties are now engaged in warfare, the going to accompanied with inconvenience and, judging from the present aspect of affairs, we should deem it better to wait a few months until we have thoroughly destroyed the Tartars, when, perhaps, the subjects of your honourable nation could go
since the
and
fro
is
and come without being involved in the tricks of these false Would it not in your estimation also be preferable ? Tartars. We take advantage of the opportunity to send you this communication for your intelligent inspection, and hope that every
blessing
may
attend you.
We also
own The
books, which please to circulate among you.' " Our dates from Foo-chow-foo reach to the 24th ult.
city of Yan-ping-foo, not far distant,
had been besieged and was supposed to have fallen, and all communication with the Great commotion exists at interior was stopped by the rebels. Foo-chow-foo, which seemed ready for an outbreak but the Tartar garrison were determined to make a stand on the
;
approach of the rebel force. The inhabitants continued to move from the city with their property. A timely supply of
from Formosa had relieved the distress. Our advices from Amoy are to the 2nd inst. The Imperialists still held Chang-chow and Tang-wa, where there had
rice
"
gents held
The insurbeen constant fighting, with much slaughter. Amoy, and continued to extort money from the
native merchants. Trade was entirely stopped. " At Canton good order is still maintained by the vigilance
Recent accounts and stringent measures of the authorities. from the interior mention that a large rebel force had moved into Kiang-tsi, and were pushing their way fast to the south. This would cause interruption to transit from the tea districts,
if
confirmed."
London
Printed by
Bailey.
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