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MCE341: Thermodynamics II
Ch9: Problems
Dr. Mehmet Fatih Orhan
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Example 1
A gas turbine power plant operates on the simple Brayton
cycle between the pressure limits of 100 and 800kPa. Air
enters the compressor at 30
o
C and leaves at 330
o
C at a mass
flowrate of 200kg/s. The maximum cycle temperature is
1400K. During operation of the cycle, the net power output is
measured experimentally to be 60MW. Assume constant
properties for air at 300K with c
v
=0.718kJ/kgK, c
p
=1.005kJ/
kgK, R=0.287kJ/kgK, k=1.4:
(a) Sketch the T-s diagram of the cycle
(b) Determine the isentropic efficiency of the turbine for
these operating conditions
(c) Determine the cycle thermal efficiency
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2
Example 2
A gas turbine power plant operates on a modified Brayton
cycle (see Figure) with an overall pressure ratio of 8. Air
enters the compressor at 0
o
C and 100kPa. The maximum
cycle temperature is 1500K. The compressor and the turbines
are isentropic. The high pressure turbine develops just
enough power to run the compressor. Assume constant
properties for air at 300K with c
v
=0.718kJ/kgK, c
p
=1.005kJ/
kgK, R=0.287kJ/kgK, k=1.4:
(a) Sketch the T-s diagram of the cycle
(b) Determine the temperature and pressure at state 4
(c) If the net power output is 200MW determine mass
flowrate of the air into the compressor in kg/s
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Example 2
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170 Chapter 7 Gas Turbine Cogeneration System Performance, Design, and Off-Design Calculations: Ideal Gas Fluid Properties
Net
Power
Fuel
1 Air
Combustion
Chamber
Compressor
Gas
Generating
Turbine
Power
Turbine
5
Exhaust Gas
2
3
4
Figure 7.4 Air basic gas turbine compression and expansion process.
EXAMPLE 7.1 Air Basic Power Cycle Gas Turbine
Compression and Expansion: Ideal
Gas Working Fluid
We want to solve for temperatures, ow rates, and power produc-
tion for the air basic gas turbine engine shown in Figure 7.4. We
rst generate a solution with the initial values provided below, and
then generate a general solution to this problem in Excel. In the
Excel solution, we will want to be sure that the conditions, marked
as Variable below, are allowed to accept any valuein the sheet
we use named cells. The values in these cells can then be varied
to solve any ideal air cycle. This type of general solution will be
needed for a cogeneration system economic optimization, as per-
formed in Chapter 10.
For an ideal air cycle, air can be taken as an ideal gas with
the following properties: heat capacity
.
,
C
P
ig
air
= 0 24 Btu/lb-R (Vari-
able) and specic heat ratio
C
C
P
V
= = 1.4 (Variable).
We also know the following: The air inlet temperature
T
1
= 519 R (Variable), P
1
= 1 atm, and air enters the compressor at
1 lb/s (Variable). The compression ratio (P
2
/P
1
) = 15.9 (Variable).
There is no pressure drop in the combustion chamber (P
3
= P
2
) and
the turbine inlet temperature T
3
= 2520 R (Variable). The compres-
sor efciency (isentropic) = 87% (Variable %). The gas generating
turbine efciency (isentropic) = 89% (Variable %). The power
turbine efciency (isentropic) = 89% (Variable %) and P
5
is atmo-
spheric. For Example 7.1, the ow rate of gas through the system
will be taken as constant at 1 lb/s. We will account for the mass of
fuel added in the next example. When the Excel solution is com-
plete, you should be able to change any variable and see the
effect. For example, if you double the air ow rate from 1 to 2 lb/s,
the net power produced should double.
SOLUTION To solve for the needed temperatures, ow rates,
and power production, we will use the equations developed in
Section 7.3. We will systematically use these equations (steps ao
below) and then generalize these calculations in an Excel sheet.
(a) Determine T
2
actual, the actual temperature out of the
compressor (Eq. (7.32)):
T T T
P
P
2 2 1
2
1
1
1
1
= +
_
,
( )
( )
actual
isentropic
compression
11
1
]
1
1
T T
2 2
0 4
1 4
519 1
1
0 87
15 9
1 0
1 = +
_
,
1
]
1
1
( )
.
.
.
( . )
.
actual
=1237 38 . R.
(b) Determine the actual rate of work in the compressor (Eq.
(7.29)):
= = ( )
dW
dt
F h FC T T
C
P
ig
,air 2 1
dW
dt
C
( ) . . actual
lb
s
Btu
lb-R
=