World War I

Causes: 1. Alliances a. Triple Alliance i. Germany ii. Austria-Hungary iii. Italy b. ii. Triple Entente i. France ritain iii. !ussia France needed "elp in case Germany attac#ed

 !ussia tic#ed o$$ at Germany ritain %orried about Germany&s sea po%er
'. (ilitarism: a. Glori$ying %ar ) readying armed $orces $or con$lict b. Armaments i. Weapons ii. (ilitary supplies *. Imperialism a. +isputes o$ colonies ,. -ationalism a. Turned to e.treme nationalism / Wee#s 0eading to WWI

1. 1une '2t" 131, a. Arc"du#e F.Ferdinand assassinated in 4ara5e6o b. Ga6rillo 7rincip '. 1uly '*rd Austria sent 4erbia an ultimatum
a. 0et t"em lead t"e in6estigation b. *. End anti-Austrian acti6ity 1uly '8t" 4erbia doesn&t agree

,. 1uly '2t" Austria declares %ar on 4erbia 8. 1uly *9t" !ussia begins to mobili:e its troops /. August 1st Germany declares %ar on 4erbia ) !ussia

;. August *rd Germany declares %ar on France ) in6ade elgium 2. August ,t" ritain declares %ar on Germany ) Austria Austria-Hungry Germany 4erbia< France< 6s !ussia< ritain elgium (ost $elt t"e con$lict %ould be s"ort Germany=Aus-Hun>Central 7o%ers y 131; ulgaria ? @ttoman Empire 5oined Italy remained neutral at $irst 1oined t"e Allies by 1318 Western Front

German attac#: In6aded elgium e.pecting a Auic# 6ictoryBCapture 7aris Trains %ould t"en rus" t"e troops to t"e Eastern Front to de$eat t"e !ussians 47EE+CCCC...problem is it $ailed !ussians mo6ed $aster t"an e.pected ) in6aded East 7russia Germans "ad to send troops to t"e Eastern Front be$ore France %as de$eated Germans got %it"in ,9 miles o$ 7aris o Wit" less troops t"ey couldn&t de$eat t"e Allies

o Turned into a stalemate Trenc" War$are 1.8 million soldiers died in $irst , mont"s aloneC Winter %as miserable o 4ides dug long ditc"es "undreds o$ miles long to stay out o$ cold. o HDGE !AT4C o In bet%een %as called E-o (an&s 0andF Wasteland< mud< barbed %ire< dead bodies 4oldiers needed to cross t"is to attac# -e% Weapons:

 !apid $ire mac"ine guns 0ong range guns=cannons sent s"ells $lying into trenc"es 7oison gas tore soldiers& lungs apart Tan#s 7lanes D- oats G4ubmarinesH 4talemate: A stando$$ neit"er side could brea# Feb. 131/- Germans begin an o$$ensi6e aimed at Ierdun 8 mont" attac#- gained little land but did not ta#e Ierdun o ;99<999 German ) Frenc" soldiers died

o y +ecember t"e Frenc" "ad regained t"e land o From 131, till 131; bot" sides t"e line only mo6ed a $e% JA!+4CCC Eastern Front: !ussians %on some early 6ictories but by 4pring o$ 1318 t"e AustroGerman army $orced t"em to retreat 0ate 131/B!ussian army near collapse o 7oorly trained o Ill eAuipped o adly led @6er ' million soldiers dead in 5ust 1318C o Allies could not get supplies to t"em o Germans bloc#ed t"e altic 4ea

o @ttoman Empire controlled t"e 4traits D.4. !ole in WWI: o American neutrality o 7resident Woodro% Wilson declared t"e D.4. %ould -@T get in6ol6ed o Allies spread PROPAGANDA o In$ormation designed to in$luence ot"er people&s decisions o (ay 1318: 0usitania san# by German D- oat 1'2 Americans died egan to s"i$t public opinion to t"e Allied side

American ban#ers loaned o6er K1.8 I00I@- to t"e Allies %"ic" used t"at to buy supplies $rom t"e D.4. Entry into t"e War: ELimmerman TelegramF o Germany tried to ma#e an alliance %it" (e.ico o In return (e.ico %ould regain Te.as and muc" o$ D.4. sout"%est GAri:ona< -.(e..< Cali$H o -e6er got to (e.ican 7resident o ritis" bro#e t"e German code ) intercepted t"e message Ga6e it to 7resident Wilson We declared %ar in April 131; Germans loo#ed $or a Auic# end to t"e %ar

 April 131; !ussia surrendered All German troops rus"ed to t"e Western Front All-out attac# on 7aris ritis" ) Frenc" soldiers couldn&t "old t"em o$$

4ummer o$ 1312 D.4. soldiers $inally arri6ed o General 1o"n 1. 7ers"ing o Allies "alted t"e German o$$ensi6e at C"ateau-T"ierry ArmisticeBa "alt to $ig"ting Germany t"re% all its resources into one $inal o$$ensi6eBit $ailed (any s"ortages o Food

o (edicine o Weapons o y -o6ember 1312 t"e @ttoman Empire and Austria-Hungary "ad surrendered o Germany Auic#ly losing ground o -o6ember 11t" 1312 M 11:99am World War I ended 7aris 7eace Con$erence: o 1, pointsBWoodro% Wilson: Ho% t"e Allies s"ould treat Germany. 1. '. 4el$-determination E7eace %it"out 6ictoryF Treat losers generously +on&t be spite$ul *. +isarmament

 (ilitarism s"ould end ,. Fair treatment $or colonial people 8. 0eague o$ -ations 7lace to settle problems be$ore t"ey become bigger issues @bstacles o Wilson %as to idealistic 1. European allies "ated Germany '. Wanted to destroy t"eir c"ances o$ %aging %ar *. 7ayment $or land ruined ,. 4ecret treaties "ad already been dra%n up Treaty o$ Iersailles o Territory c"anges

1. Germany ga6e up land on bot" sides to France and 7oland '. *. ,. 8. !"ine demilitari:ed 199<999 man army 0ost all o6ersea territories !eparations War damages K** I00I@- in damagesCCC -e% Territory C:ec"oslo6a#ia Jugosla6ia Hungary Tur#ey 7oland