Works Cited Primary Sources Breaking down the Persistence of Segregated Schools. N.d. Photograph.

In this photograph, a protest for equal education across races was taking place. This was a common occurrence in the time between Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education because this was a time when the Jim Crow Laws were in place. It is used this photograph on both the home landing page in the slideshow as well as on the page entitled "Brown v. Board of Education in the subcategory of "Post Plessy v. Ferguson." East Louisiana Railroad Co. N.d. Illustration. Encyclopedia of Lousiana. Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities. 1974.25.37.57. This illustration is a poster advertisement for the East Louisiana Railroad Company that came out around the same time as the Plessy v. Ferguson case. It is used on both the home landing page in a slideshow and in the tab entitled "East Louisiana Railroad." The FBI Versus the Klan. 1925. The FBI. FBI. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. <http://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2010/april/klan2_042910>. This is an image of the KKK marching down Pennsylvania Avenue in 1925. I am using this image on the page entitled "Post Plessy v. Ferguson" to show that the KKK got back together after they realized that, according to the Supreme Court and Plessy v. Ferguson, racism was okay. I will also include it on the Home page. Homer Adolph Plessy. N.d. Photograph. Montpelier View. This is an image of Homer Adolph Plessy that I will use on the tabs "Background" and the home page.

Separate Does Not Mean Equal. 18 May 2012. Photograph. Revisiting Plessy v. Ferguson in the 21st Century. This photograph of "white" and "colored" water fountains shows an example of when the Jim Crow Laws were not at all simply about separating races, but also about providing white people with better facilities than African Americans and other people of color. This picture will be used on the page entitled "Jim Crow Laws" and on the home landing page in the slideshow. Stevens, Thaddeus. "XIV Amendment." Social Policy: Essential Primary Sources. Ed. K. Lee Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, and Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2006. 7173. U.S. History in Context. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. This is a document from Gale Database that includes the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution. Through this, I was able to find the Amendment itself, as well as its significance. I will use this on the tab entitled "Fourteenth Amendment." Subrero, K. Jim Crow Car. N.d. Themes in American History. Web. 1 Jan. 2014. <http://blsciblogs.baruch.cuny.edu/his1000spring2011/2011/03/12/my-a-train-used-tobe-a-horse-we-serve-to-whites-only/jimcrowcar2/>. This is an image of a political cartoon that was used in the 1800s to show the injustice that the Jim Crow Laws and the Separate Car Acts were encouraging. It clearly shows that the "car for white folks" was far nicer than the decrepit "Jim Crow Car." I will use this image on the page entitled "Separate Car Act" and on the home landing page. "Thirteenth Amendment." Human and Civil Rights: Essential Primary Sources. Ed. Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, and K. Lee Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2006. 110112. U.S. History in Context. Web. 18 Nov. 2013.

With this primary reference source from the Gale Database, U.S. History in Context, I was able to quote the Thirteenth Amendment and learn more about why the verdict of Plessy v. Ferguson was in violation of it. The thirteenth amendment was a hot topic during the time of Plessy v. Ferguson. Many people that were advocating for Homer Plessy argued that what the court was ruling was in violation of the Thirteenth Amendment. This document will be quoted and explained on the tab "Thirteenth Amendment" (subcategory of "Post Civil War"). United States. Cong. Senate. Supreme Court. Plessy v. Ferguson. S. Rept. 210. Washington: GPO, 1895. American History. Web. 1 Jan. 2014. <http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/1-segregated/detail/plessy-vferguson.html>. This report from the U.S. Supreme Court regarding the case of Plessy v. Ferguson shows the final verdict of the case. This will be used on the tab entitled "Documents" and referenced on the page "Court Decision." - - -. Supreme Court. Transcript of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). Doc. 163 U.S. 537. Washington: GPO, 1896. Our Documents. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=52&page=transcript>. This transcript of Plessy v. Ferguson, from ourdocuments.gov, helped quite a bit to further explain what went on during the trial. It will be used through various quotes from the judge where he justified the ruling by connecting it to the thirteenth and fourteenth amendments, as well as the characteristics of the U.S. Government. This information will be used on multiple pages including: Post Civil War (and its subcategories) and Court Decision. I will also include this on the "Documents" tab.

Secondary Sources Alvah, Donna. "Civil Rights Movement." Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. 200-206. U.S. History in Context. Web. 30 Nov. 2013. In this database article I learned background information about the Civil Rights Movement as well as the decline in progress following Plessy v. Ferguson. I learned that it was not only trains that were segregated, but also restaurants, schools, cemeteries, theaters, hospitals, and beaches. I also learned that after Plessy v. Ferguson, many white supremacist group including the KKK (Ku Klux Klan) regenerated and, although it was supposed to be legal for African American men to vote, prevented them from voting using intimidation tactics. I will use this information on the tab entitled "Post Plessy v. Ferguson." Brophy, Alfred L. "Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896)." Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States. Ed. David S. Tanenhaus. Vol. 4. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008. 52-56. U.S. History in Context. Web. 30 Nov. 2013. In this entry from the Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States, I was able to obtain information about the separate car act, as well as about the case itself. I learned the technicalities involved in Separate Car Law, such as the guidelines that railroad companies were required to follow. I also learned that the Supreme Court completely denied and disagreed with Plessy's arguments, leading it to rule racism legal, despite Torgee and Walker's best efforts. I will use this information on the tab entitled "Court Decision" and on the tab entitled "Separate Car Act."

Chopin, Frederic. Nocturne Op.9 No.2. Perf. Arthur Rubenstein. CD. This is used as accompaniment for the slideshow on the home page. "Homer Adolph Plessy." Contemporary Black Biography. Vol. 31. Detroit: Gale, 2001.U.S. History in Context. Web. 18 Nov. 2013. This biography on Homer Adolph Plessy helped me further understand what led to him deliberately break the law in order to try to get the Separate Car Act overturned. From this source, I was able to learn that Plessy was a normal free African American shoemaker who just happened to also be a civil rights activist. I also learned where he was from and some of the background on his family. I was also able to gather information on the separate car act, including the fines that would be imposed if either someone rode on the wrong car or if a railroad company did not provide a separate car. This information will be used on the tabs "Background" and "Separate Car Act." "Jim Crow Laws." UXL Encyclopedia of U.S. History. Sonia Benson, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr., and Rebecca Valentine. Vol. 4. Detroit: UXL, 2009. 829-831. U.S. History in Context. Web. 18 Nov. 2013. In this encyclopedia entry in the U.S. History Gale Database, I obtained quite a bit of information pertaining to the Jim Crow Laws. I learned that the term "Jim Crow Laws" comes from a stage character who was a slave named Jim and his owner, who was named Mr. Crow. I also learned that it wasn't until after congress passed an 1875 law stating that African Americans could have access to public facilities that southern legislatures created a legal system to separate races in all aspects of life. I also got a closer look at which specific things were segregated and learned that interracial marriages were illegal. All of

this information can be found quoted and paraphrased on the page entitled "Jim Crow Laws." Medley, Keith Weldon. "Plessy v. Ferguson." KnowLA Encyclopedia of Louisiana, Ed. David Johnson. Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities, 16 Aug. 2013. Web. 7 Dec. 2013. In this encyclopedia entry in the Gale Database, I learned a lot of background information necessary to understand the meaning of this case. The Plessy v. Ferguson case originated when Homer Plessy purposely tested the East Louisiana Railway's Separate Car Act, which segregated passenger cars, and was later ruled guilty of all charges. This led to the "Separate but Equal Law," which was in affect until the 1954 Supreme Court decision of Brown v. Board of Education. This information can be found in the page entitled "Court Decision." Powe Jr., Lucas A. "Brown v. Board of Education (Brown II), 349 U.S. 294 (1955)."Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States. Ed. David S. Tanenhaus. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008. 215-217. U.S. History in Context. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. In this encyclopedia entry in Gale Database, I was able to obtain a lot of much needed information about the time after Plessy v. Ferguson. I found out that, in 1954, the Supreme Court declared that all schools were ordered to be desegregated. 1968 was the goal date for full integration. Linda Brown, from Topeka, Kansas was the one girl who sparked the entire case. This started the Civil Rights movement as we know it today. This information will be used on the page entitled "Brown v. Board of Education."

Young, Mitchell. Racial Discrimination. Ed. Mitchell Young, Helen Cothran, and Scott Barbour. N.p.: Bonnie Szumski, 2006. Print. Issues on Trial. In this book, I learned why Ferguson found Plessy guilty despite his arguments about the thirteenth amendment and fourteenth amendment. According to Judge Ferguson, slavery implies "involuntary servitude," and segregation was clearly not practicing involuntary servitude. (Thirteenth Amendment) Ferguson also stated that this was not in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment because it was meant to simply provide equality, not eliminate racism. I will use this information on the tabs entitled "Thirteenth Amendment" and "Fourteenth Amendment."