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Course Guide Topic 1 Scientific Skills 1.1 Scientific Skills 1.2 Importance of Acuiring Scientific Skills 1.3 Categories of Scientific Skills 1.3.1 Science Process Skills 1.3.2 Manipulative Skills Summary Key Terms References Basic Science Process Skills I 2.1 Basic Science Process Skills 2.2 Observing 2.3 Quantitative and Qualitative Observation 2.4 Skill of Classifying 2.4.1 Binary Classification System 2.4.2 Multi-Stage Binary Classification System 2.4.3 Serial Ordering 2.5 Measuring and Using Numbers Summary Key Terms References Basic Science Process Skills II 3.1 Communicating 3.1.1 Tools of Communicating 3.2 Making an Inference 3.2.1 Difference Between Observations and Inferences 3.3 Predicting Summary Key Terms Reference Integrated Science Process Skills I 4.1 What are Integrated Science Process Skills? 4.2 Space-Time Relationships ix xiii 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 10 10 11 12 12 15 21 21 25 27 29 41 43 44 45 46 47 52 53 57 60 61 61 63 64 65

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Interpreting Data 4.3.1 What is Interpreting Data? 4.3.2 What do We Interpret? 4.4 Defining Operationally Summary Key Terms References Topic 5 Integrated Science Process Skills II 5.1 Identifying and Controlling Variables 5.1.1 What are Variables? 5.1.2 Types of Variables in an Experiment 5.1.3 What is a Fair Test? 5.2 Formulating Hypotheses 5.2.1 What is a Hypothesis? 5.2.2 What is a Testable Hypothesis? 5.2.3 How are Hypotheses Written? 5.3 Experimenting 5.3.1 What is Experimenting? Summary Key Terms References Thinking Skills 6.1 Thinking Skills 6.2 Relationship Between Science Process Skills and Thinking Skills Summary Key Terms References Manipulative Skills I 7.1 What are Manipulative Skills? 7.2 The Importance of Acquiring Manipulative Skills 7.3 Using and Handling Science Apparatus and Materials Properly 7.3.1 Using Science Apparatus Properly 7.3.2 Using Science Materials Properly 7.3.3 Handling Apparatus or Materials Properly 7.4 Handling Living and Non-Living Specimens Properly and Correctly 7.5 Cleaning Science Apparatus Correctly

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67 67 69 77 81 82 82 83 84 84 85 87 89 90 91 92 96 96 102 103 103 104 105 109 112 113 113 114 115 116 117 117 122 122 127 127

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Summary Key Terms References Topic 8 Manipulative Skills II 8.1 Drawing Science Apparatus and Specimens Correctly 8.2 Storing Science Apparatus and Material Correctly 8.2.1 Storage of Special Materials Summary Key Terms References

129 130 130 131 132 134 136 142 143 143

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