Students and teachers at Government Boys' Higher Secondary School Rerra, danced to celebrate the inauguration of their new

school.

Government Girls' Inter-College, Rerra: students, mothers and teachers enjoy a student performance in the new school's multi-purpose hall, a new feature for schools in the project area.

CDM Smith, USAID Contractor For the Pakistan Reconstruction Program House 16, St. 41, Islamabad F 7/1 Tel: +92 (O) 51-2655070-75 email: selimtm@cdmsmith.com

PROGRAM OVERVIEW

Government Girls' High School Chowki, AJ&K, after construction. See site before construction, facing page Government Girls' High School Chowki, AJ&K, community meeting to launch construction. See new school (facing page).

This report is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the sole responsibility of CDM Smith and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. CDM Constructors Inc. a fully owned subsidiary of CDM Smith, the USAID Contractor for the Pakistan

Reconstruction Program, is an employee-owned engineering and construction firm established in 1947 and is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. The company offers diverse environmental, transportation, water and energy-related engineering and construction services in a range of sectors to public and private clients.

Cover Photo: Government Boys' Primary School and High School Mohandri, KP. Destruction of so many buildings in the quake came mainly from lateral movement of the ground but these Mohandri schools were destroyed when the quake dislodged boulders from the nearby steep mountainside and they bounced down the slope smashing into the school killing four students and seriously injuring nine more. Faced with no alternate land available to relocate the school, two extra precautions were taken to rebuild on the same site. On the side of the school facing the mountain, a special wall was built to deflect stones should any dislodge again. As the most certain precaution, community members, social mobilizers and engineers surveyed the entire mountain side identifying all the loose rocks and boulders and broke them into small pieces using a non-explosive chemical. Enrolment in the new schools: 559, but local official expect enrolment to double in the next 5 year.

CONTENTS
Program overview Earthquake reconstruction Community participation Building design Earthquake Resistance Construction Library Challenge People Stories News Scope: New Tasks Project Progress 3 4 6 8 10 11 14 18 20 22

The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) launched the Pakistan Reconstruction Program on October 27, 2006 as a five-year $120 million effort initially called the Pakistan Earthquake Reconstruction and Recovery Program (PERRP). This program focused on designing and reconstructing schools and healthcare facilities in the earthquake zones of Bagh district, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K) and Mansehra district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP); described in more detail on pages 4 to 19. In June 2011, the program budget was increased to $180 million and its scope of work expanded to include other construction objects. The additional construction projects included five more schools in the earthquake area and in other parts of Pakistan, health and education facilities; the latter described in more detail on pages 20 to 21. For this program, USAID and the project's implementing partner, CDM Smith, work closely with Pakistan's

Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority (ERRA) and in other parts of the country, with the Higher Education Commission of the Government of Pakistan, provincial governments, and the administration of seven universities, two hospitals and with partner USAID programs including the Teachers Education Program. This U.S. effort is part of a broader cooperation between the two

countries to support development of Pakistan's economic growth and agriculture, strengthen the energy sector, facilitate the country's stabilization efforts in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and improve access to quality education and healthcare. Across all these priority sectors, USAID also seeks to enhance gender equality and strengthen governance processes.

Jacobabad Civil Hospital. Computer model

PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM | 3

2 | PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM

EARTHQUAKE RECONSTRUCTION
On October 8, 2005 residents of northern Pakistan were shaken by a 7.6 magnitude earthquake that claimed more than 74,000 lives, leveled 272,000 buildings including 585 healthcare facilities and 15,000 educational buildings and rendered some 3.5 million people homeless. Other lifelines such as water supplies, power lines and bridges were also disrupted. Described at the time by the UN as the 'most debilitating natural disaster the country has ever known', the destruction reached out over 30,000 square kilometers. The earthquake zone is located in the mountainous region, a landscape that is both beautiful and harsh. It includes parts of Pakistan's KP and AJ&K and represents a rich mosaic of cultures, languages, religions and ethnicities. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), through its Pakistan Earthquake Reconstruction and Recovery Program (PERRP), started in October 2006, has gone on to re-construct 72 large buildings including schools and health facilities in Bagh district of AJK and schools in Mansehra district of KP. USAID's contractor for this program, CDM Smith, prepares site assessments, facilitates community participation and capacity building, develops building designs, selects and supervises local contractors to construct facilities, provides quality control and supports reconstructionrelated events. All the buildings are designed to meet internationally recognized standards and provide access for the disabled.

EARTHQUAKE RECONSTRUCTION
In the earthquake areas by the end of January, 2012.
72 buildings were designed 52 buildings (36 schools, 15 basic health units, 1 preengineered hospital building) were completed; 20 schools and 1 sub-district hospital are under construction 5 more schools in quake-hit areas are under design 77 communities are actively engaged in preconstruction to post-construction phases Number of beneficiaries is over 1,000,000 people Health facilities catchment areas have a population of 300,000 Schools have 17,000 students from 556 villages having population of 783,000 people 8 Pakistani architectural/engineering firms 12 local construction firms with a workforce of 5,800 at 73 sites Over 422 Pakistani suppliers Program Team:

4 expatriate staff 192 Pakistani staff

When the earthquake struck, everybody rushed outside the school and I fell down in the stampede and then the building collapsed.To my luck, I survived but got wounded badly. Since then we've had no school so we go to class in the open air. Now I am graduating but I am very happy to see the new school under construction. It's thousands of time better than the old one. Muhammad Irfan, Student GBHS Pinyali

Government Boys' Higher Secondary School, Harighel, AJ&K. (Above) After their school collapsed in the earthquake students studied in the open air using the stones for seating. Now they enjoy their new, fully furnished school (below).

Government Boys' High School Chaknari, AJ&K. Site where old school collapsed and the rubble had been removed (top photo). The new Chaknari school rebuilt on same site (bottom photo).
PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM | 5

4 | PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
from most of this trouble. In the five years of the project only 8 days of construction have been lost due to conflict and in the whole time, not a single court stay order was issued.

Although these are very poor people (UNICEF and World Bank estimate annual per capita income is about $184 or $0.50 per day), committee members are highly motivated contributing in many ways, including a vast amount of time attending over 3,000 meetings. They volunteered the equivalent of 18 person years; lent or donated assets such as land and water worth close to half a million dollars; donated about $64,000 in cash, goods (including library books, see Library Challenge page 16); increased co-curricular events five times what they were before the project and brought parents into the schools for the first time. All the schools, under the guidance of the social team, have made maintenance plans which assign roles that are uncommon in these areas; for the teachers, students and occasional paid staff to keep the building clean. Committee members, teachers, senior students and closest neighbors have also been trained in 'urgent operation' needed in emergency actions, such as using

People in this photo (at under construction Dhirkot Hospital) represent the participatory approach used in this project. They are social mobilizers, engineers, community members, contractors and facility staff working together to prevent problems, help keep construction on schedule and improve health or education. of circuit breaker, water pumps, valves and fire extinguishers.

Daily Co-ordination on Sites One of the main project successes is how social mobilizers, engineers, other technical staff, the contractors' workers and community members work together on a daily basis at the construction sites. Detailed coordination, clear agreements, frequent communication and resulting cooperation help keep the construction on schedule and benefit the communities, schools and health facilities in many other ways.

Government Boys' High School Jabbori, KP. Community-Contractor Agreement meeting with construction about to begin. The level of community participation in this earthquake re-construction project is unusual, if not unprecedented in Pakistan. As a result of experience with it in this project, engineers participating in workshops to identify the project's Lessons Leaned, posited, 'make sure community participation is included in construction projects otherwise construction will face big problems and the pace of work will be badly affected. It saves time and money'. Long before construction starts, the program social team gets communities ready for rebuilding of the quakedestroyed facilities. They start by public meetings where the communities are asked to form or reactivate School Management Committees (SMCs in AJ&K), Parent Teacher Councils (PTCs in KP), or Health Management Committees (HMCs). The goal of organizing local people is two-fold: first, for them to prevent or solve many of the common community-related problems in
6 | PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM

construction; and second, for the committees to help improve education and share responsibility with the government for maintaining the new buildings. While the project benefits enormously from these local contributions, communities also benefit by having active bodies of local volunteers who have developed new skills to get resources together, prevent and solve problems and conflicts and have the know-how to carry on as a permanent group. Community participation in this project is a systematic, step-by-step process of steps to support construction. After introductory public meetings, the process moves on obtaining a detailed written agreement between the community members and contractors on community-related issues that often lead to differences and conflict. Such problems include land ownership issues, land use, access across private property, use of scarce water and electricity resources, land for dumping materials, behavior of

laborers and many other factors. Facilitated by a team of social mobilizers, this written CommitteeContractor Agreement also details how the parties will communicate with each other and how conflicts will be prevented or resolved. By the end of the 5th year of the project, these committees working together with community members, project social mobilizers, engineers and contractor staff have reached a level of maturity as shown by several indicators in the project's recent 'Participation Index, Community Participation and Construction' report. The school committees continue to make outstanding contributions to construction and the community.

The overall effect is empowered committees. They are being held by other donors, other construction projects, local government and other schools as models to emulate. Whereas before this project, school committees were often seen by school administration as intrusive and unwelcome, their abilities to play a strong support role is making them far more welcome with even more potential for the future.

The Committees:

continue on a daily basis to prevent and solve problems. In an area where construction is often stopped by local issues and court stay orders, participation in this project has saved construction

Government Girls' High School Kheral Abbasian, AJ&K: Mothers attend one of the school's first ever functions, this one to see their daughters participate in a public speaking contest. The new school is to start construction on same land.
PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM | 7

BUILDING DESIGN

BUILDING DESIGN

Government Girls' Primary and Secondary Schools Behali, KP . As with almost all the schools completed in this project, enrolment has significantly increased. From 364 students before the quake, to 500 after first year of operation of the new school, local officials predict the pre-quake figure to at least double (to over 600) in the next five years. Enrolment will be further enhanced by the Parent Teacher Council convincing government to up-grade the school to add two more grades (11 &12), giving girls direct entry to university. In this region such opportunity is rare for girls.

Government Boys' Higher Secondary School Dherray, AJ&K. Project schools are built with maximum consideration for low cost maintenance, such as natural light in the classrooms, especially important in these areas where electrical supplies are limited.

Design is preceded by several necessary steps, including technical and social feasibility studies. Once sites are selected, the technical and design teams comprised of engineers, architects, land and quantity surveyors, environment specialists and social mobilizers, with community input, develop the design. To meet international building codes numerous steps are then taken, for example; computer modeling techniques; independent design checking and verification requiring many calculations, drawings and construction specifications for material and equipment. In our old buildings, we had only two rooms, now we have many classrooms; we have a library and even a laboratory. Studying has really become a pleasure with the new facilities. Erum Qurban, Government Girls InterCollege Arja. Occasionally, design modifications are required to make adjustments for unforeseen site or community-based needs.
8 | PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM

The social assessment ascertains the local need and demand for the new building and willingness of the communities to participate, while the environmental assessment looks at environmental considerations. Besides

considerations to protect natural life around sites, designs also provide septic tanks and soakage pits to ensure minimal impact to the environment.

After the quake as our school was destroyed, the number of students in our school was sharply dropping because we had no building so were being taught in the open air. Even our desks were destroyed so we could only sit on stones and it was miserable for all of us during the rainy season. Many of my class mates left our school and some families moved to another city to they could go to school there. Since construction started here, the number of students has risen more than even before the earthquake and this is because it has been constructed so well with all facilities. It is attracting students not only from this village but from the nearby places also. Arifa Kanwal, a student at GGHS Chattar#2 Designing schools and health facilities for the earthquake zone presented many challenges as new standards required larger facilities than prequake but many of the places had only very small, steeply sloped mountainous lots. In many cases, then, double-story structures were constructed. In addition to the major structural considerations in design, the buildings have been designed to protect life, as described in the next section on Earthquake Resistance. Durability and long term maintenance are also considered to ensure that buildings serve their communities for a long time. Each of these USAIDfunded buildings has been designed to require as little maintenance as possible, for example, by minimizing the use of water and electricity while providing optimal space for its users. Each design also incorporated space
PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM | 9

requirements for modern practices at schools and basic health units. In addition to classrooms and offices for all schools, middle schools have multipurpose rooms, while high schools have multi-purpose halls, laboratories and libraries.

Basic health units were designed with rooms for a pharmacy, laboratory, urgent care, vaccination, tuberculosis, malaria care, labor and delivery; and counseling on family planning.

Government Boys' Higher Secondary School Dherray, AJ&K. Schools built in this project include laboratories, in many cases being the first time these schools have such teaching facilities.

Government Boys' High School Nokot, KP: Students, teachers, project engineers and sub-contractor's workers pose at the newly completed school.

EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE

CONSTRUCTION

This illustration is a tool used by architects and engineers to design earthquake resistant buildings. This is a computer model of the earthquake resistance in the Government Boys' Higher Secondary School Rerra, AJ&K . One of the main reasons for widespread devastation and loss of life What makes a building earthquakeCONSTRUCTION during the 2005 earthquake was the resistant? Some of the main features lack of earthquake resistant structural are: In the earthquake area, by the end of design and construction of the Concrete (shear) walls, the fifth year of this project, buildings. Hundreds of thousands of columns and beams must have construction has been completed on lives have been lost in recent decades extra steel to withstand 52 buildings in Azad Jammu and in Pakistan and in other parts of the movement caused by the Kashmir (AJ&K) and Mansehra district world due to poorly engineered and earthquake forces; of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) improperly constructed buildings in Floors and roofs must be province. These buildings include 15 high seismic zones. properly anchored to the basic health units, 36 large schools and walls, beams and columns to 1 pre-engineered building at a hospital As a result, comprehensive seismic prevent their collapsing onto in AJ&K while construction is building codes, guidelines and occupants during an underway on 20 more schools and 1 standards, such as the 1997 Uniform earthquake. sub-district hospital. Building Code (UBC), have been developed in many countries. The Strict adherence to the UBC codes in Building schools and clinics in UBC is widely used in earthquakeKP and AJ&K will enable buildings to Pakistan's earthquake areas of KP and prone areas of the United States, withstand strong earthquakes, prevent AJ&K is both challenging and Pakistan, and many other regions of collapse, save lives, and avoid financial rewarding. Most of the locations are the world. The UBC is used in the losses. difficult to access, have limited and design of all the buildings under this restricted construction area, and have project. challenging weather conditions. With the first jolt, I ran out of office and school building collapsed just behind me. I turned back and was terrified to see fallen rubble with so many students buried beneath. It was a horrific scene when we found 86 students of this school dead and many others were seriously injured. Now with the new school we have learned a little about earthquake resistance in buildings. If we'd had it before the quake many of the departed souls would have not met this fate. Students' parents have seen that the new building is being constructed according to the earthquake code and this helps them shed their fears. Muhammad Farooq, Vice-Principal and SMC General Secretary, GGHS Kheral Abbasian

Basic Health Unit Kala Mula, AJ&K. This is one of the 15 BHUs constructed in this project. Located in one of the most remote areas this BHU, completed in 2009, provides the only professional health services within 2-3 hours road travel.

Along with the shortage of skilled labor and construction materials in these areas, this creates a very demanding environment for the construction. All construction under the USAID Pakistan Reconstruction Program is carried out by Pakistani contractors who are pre-qualified based on their technical and financial capabilities, timely performance records, and work experience in those areas. From a pool of pre-qualified companies, the USAID project selects contractors for each small group of two-to-four buildings and awards contracts based on competitive bidding. During the early years of the project, local contractors were not familiar with the international construction quality control standards and procedures adhered to by this project. With assistance and guidance from the project's engineers and inspectors at every site, local contractors have

now become skilled at carrying out construction that meets those high standards. Due to seismic hazards in the project areas, USAID and the implementing partner strictly adhere to the quality assurance and quality control at construction sites. Construction is conducted under the supervision of an experienced Regional Manager assisted by dedicated Deputy Regional Managers and engineering staff located on sites. To ensure construction quality, PERRP assigns a dedicated resident engineer and inspector at each site. These specialists work closely with the social mobilizers, contractor's resident engineers and site inspectors. This approach not only ensures world-class construction quality, safety, and durability of the buildings, but also helps to train contractor staff for Pakistan's construction industry. As result of the strict quality assurance

processes, this USAID project has delivered over 250,000 accident-free hours every month while working on building sites with combined covered area of 1,094,068 square feet, utilizing 12 construction sub-contractors and several material suppliers. Additionally, to reduce cost and maintain quality, PERRP purchases steel, cement tiles and doors in bulk and provides these to its subcontractors. This helps to reduce the overall cost of each contract and decreases the speculation of subcontractors in material price inflation in a firm-fixed price contract. With PERRP's construction management directing construction and the social team successfully for handling the community-related problems that often interfere with construction, almost all of the sites have been completed on schedule or ahead of it.

10 | PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM

PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM | 11

CONSTRUCTION

Government Boys' High School Berka Mehra, AJ&K: construction starting in challenging terrain.

Government Girls' High School Khawari (bottom) and Government Boys' Primary and Secondary Schools (middle), were inaugurated by the US Ambassador Cameron Munter (above). To ensure construction quality, PERRP assigns a dedicated resident engineer and inspector at each site. These specialists work closely with the social mobilizers, contractor's resident engineers and site inspectors. This approach not only ensures worldclass construction quality, safety, and durability of the buildings, but also helps to train contractor staff for Pakistan's construction industry. As result of the strict quality assurance processes, this USAID project has delivered over 250,000 accident-free hours every month while working on building sites with combined covered area of 1,094,068 square feet, utilizing 12 construction sub-contractors and several material suppliers.

Government Boys' Higher Secondary School Kahuta, AJ&K: new school under construction. Enrolment 760 students, expected to grow to at least 900 in next few years.
12 | PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM

The difference between this building and the one which collapsed is the difference between the sky and the earth. I have never seen such a strong mixture of steel and concrete designed in a way to sustain sever quake shocks.Thanks for saving our future generations. Gul Zaman, Principal GBHS Dhal Qazian Government Boys' High School Khagan, KP, under construction.
PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM | 13

CONSTRUCTION

To reduce costs and maintain quality, PERRP purchases steel, cement tiles and doors in bulk and provides these to its sub-contractors. This helps to reduce the overall cost of each contract and decreases the speculation of sub-contractors in material price inflation in a firmfixed price contract. With PERRP's construction management and the social team successfully handling the communityrelated problems that often interfere with construction, almost all of the sites have been completed on schedule or ahead of it.
Government Boys' High School Afzalabad, KP.

Government Boys' Higher Secondary School Jabbori, KP. New school under construction in a rugged mountainous location, typical in this project.

What we like about this project is that everything is open and transparent, we know the construction details, schedule and quality of the material being used. This kind of standard of construction we are seeing for the first time SMC Chairman GGHS Jaglari

Government Girls' Inter-college Arja

Government Boys' High School Mansehra #2

Construction Workers' Code of Conduct meeting, Government Boys' Higher Secondary School Jared. To reduce friction amongst community members and construction workers, who are usually from other parts and other cultures in Pakistan, workers are briefed to respect the local cultural norms.
14 | PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM

Government Girls' Mahldara, AJ&K Boys' High School Khagan, KP, under construction.
PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM | 15

THE LIBRARY CHALLENGE

Communities have come a long way in confidence since first given the Library Challenge. At first very timid to try this raising funds, the Committees quickly gained confidence and even a sense of competition to raise the most money. Being this successful, they were also able to get more books than they'd imagined and shared this know-how with the 63 new schools. With the new level of motivation, they are also applying it for the first time in their own schools: starting computer centers, awarding prizes to students who get high marks, planting trees and flowers to beautify the grounds of their new schools, organize and pay for regular cocurricular events, etc. Of course, getting books is only one part of having a library. Not having had one before, they lacked other basics too so these basic capacities had to be built. While the schools jointly developed their own library management guidelines, they each nominated a volunteer librarian who was trained to establish a borrowing and lending system, how to protect the books, promote reading and involve the community. Several schools are now having occasional 'Library Days' inviting community members to come see the library and book collection and use Government Boys Primary School Mohandri KP. Students with their first-ever library book show-off their reading skills the school library as a community library. This is all pioneering activity at these rural government schools and some are beginning to act as public libraries. The attractive new books show kids that their syllabus books do lead to other big things. For the older students in these far flung areas where TV and the internet are not common, even books are a novelty. Some schools report that their libraries are so popular they have to close them before exams; otherwise students will be distracted by all the new reading material.

By 2009 (project year 3) the school committees were so motivated, resourceful and successful at assisting construction that it was clear that another challenge was in order. As most of the schools being built would have a furnished library room for the first time, but no books, the SMCs and PTCs were challenged by the social team: if they would donate at least one library book per student, staff volunteers of CDM Smith, would do the same. There was no project budget for this so all the funds had to be raised. The committees enthusiastically accepted this challenge and by the 5th year of the project the minimum goals have been far exceeded. Although poor communities, for their 17,000 students in KP and AJ&K, they have donated 23,000 books! CDM Smith, with donations from colleagues, friends, family, subcontractors and suppliers have made donations to buy 44,000 books (90% Urdu, 10% English). Now in these many remote areas where there are no other libraries of any kind, these schools have libraries and 61,000 books. To get the Library Challenge started first in Kashmir, this meant SMCs for
16 | PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM

the first time ever raising funds for their schools, not until now attempted as these are government schools and people have had the idea that only government has responsibility for these schools. Also, being so remote, there were practically no places to buy books. I am thankful for providing us opportunity to participate in book festival that will help increase our knowledge and information. Nighet Manzoor, a student at GGHS Bagh. The solution, the first-ever Kashmir book festival, was organized in 2009 and was successful beyond all expectations. The two-day event was

attended by about 8,000 people and about 4,000 library books were bought then. By 2011, the committees were eager to have another book fair, and to add to the challenge, the 27 participating Kashmiri schools went out and motivated 63 more schools to start libraries, even without the matching idea from CDM Smith. For the second book fair in Nov 2011, a total of 90 schools raised money for more books at the event. Drawing an attendance of 25,000, the event got national and international media coverage in many countries. Altogether the project schools in AJ&K and KP have got 118 new libraries started.

We have every kind of books in our new library including books on general knowledge, social values, computers, poetry and novels.This is helping us improve our knowledge of the world and we are learning many new things to become better citizens. Rubab Fatima a student at GGHS Chattar#2

Government Girls Primary School Behali KP with new library books.

Government Boys' Higher Secondary School Rerra. Teachers and students report much interest in their first-ever libraries Government Boys' High School Khagan, KP, under construction. and collections of books donated in the Library Challenge.
PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM | 17

WHAT PEOPLE SAY

Construction in this area is very difficult. Our school is 5,900 ft above sea level but we even have students coming down the mountains from 2,500 feet further up. Even with the severe weather conditions, and there are no roads up in those areas, they walk down here on the foot paths every day to attend classes in this rough shed the community put together when our school collapsed. Rather than these students dropping out due to distance to other schools, our hope is to give them the opportunity to study closer to home and with the new building we will be able to do that. SMC Chairman, GGHS Kheral Abbasian We have seen so many first-time-ever initiatives under this USAID construction program in this area.This is the first time we've ever aseen participatory development by engaging community to help construction.We've had Kashmir's first two book fairs, and recently we had Kashmir's first-ever celebration of World Book Day.This is giving something more than just building concrete.Teacher GBHSS Bir Pani Community involvement reduces chances of misappropriation of funds and it is giving us a sense of ownership besides training us to maintain these buildings. Principal GBHSS Bir Pani This is the first time we know about a community being involved to help construction. Engineers give weight to our opinions and the design is according to our wishes.We even get to choose the furniture we need from the project catalogue! We are helping them however we can, for instance lending land and water to facilitate this construction. Raja Habib, GGHS teacher at Jaglari We are happy to be part of the USAIDfunded reconstruction in our areas. Community participation has led our people to be aware of standards and transparency and everybody around here knows that this building has been built with support from American people and their government.This is because local

people were involved at every stage of construction. Rifat Mumtaz Principal GGHS Chattar #2 The unique idea of establishing school management committees and involving parents will ensure long-term care of school buildings as we are now fully trained how we are going to maintain these., Raja Khateeb Khan, SMC Member GGHS Jaglari We hardly remembered anything teachers told us when were studying in the open skies because there were so many distractions and now with this building we can focus on what teachers tell us., Sobia Naseem, a Student In this project we have set up school management committees that we now think are necessary because they act as coordinating bodies between the people and school management.They discuss how the education system can be improved, what kindss of difficulties are faced by the teachers and what types of problems contractors face during construction.These bodies help resolve all problems. Gul Zaman, Principal GBSS Dhal Qazian Since 2005, many NGOs have been visiting us and saying they would rebuild our school, but nothing would happen. We are very happy that USAID made this happen for us. The children here are very eager to have a roof over their heads to study again. Ibrahim Saifullah, Teacher at Boys School, Jared.

Manager, Bagh

Afsheen, a grade 9 student from Government Girls' High School Behali (see photo page 8) won a first prize with this drawing of her new school.

First-ever parent-teacher days. As part of helping to improve education in this project, the School Committees have begun organizing the first-ever parent-teacher days. Here mothers and students wait for their turn to see their teachers.
At the girls' primary and middle school at Paras, the head teacher was recently asked, if besides her new school being in operation for two years now, did she see any other differences? She replied proudly, 'yes very many differences! Now the community has SO MANY expectations of us! Before the earthquake and new school they were not interested and didn't care at all, but the new building and Parent Teachers Council has drawn a lot of attention to the school and to girls' education. It's all very different now'. The boys' high school under construction at Jared in the Kaghan Valley, KP, includes a modest hostel building which will house around 15 boys. Asked about the need for such a hostel, the head teacher explained 'several of our students walk out of the mountains from 2 to 3 hours one way each day to attend this school. But they won't be the ones using our hostel. They come only from the 2nd or 3rd valleys away.The boys who live in the 4th and 5th valleys away, and might have been able to get primary education there, can now go on to high school by coming here and having some place to stay'.

Sadia Akram, a prize winner from Government Girls High School Khawari, drew a picture of what she saw the day of the earthquake.

The construction here at different mountainous sites is an uphill battle in its truest sense. The Government Girls' Middle Schools in Besuti has successfully been constructed at an altitude of 6,875 ft, BHU Bani Minhasan at 6,586 feet above sea level and the Siri Piran health unit at 6,207 Ft.The average altitude of all our buildings is 5,000 Ft. Local people are amazed to see how we were able to put manpower and heavy construction material across sites located on the highest mountains in this area. In many places there were no roads, only foot Student Art Exhibition. To mark the 6th anniversary of the earthquake, in project schools a paths to the school or BHU so first we drawing competition was held with students asked to do two drawings: what did you see the day of the earthquake? And what do you think of your new school? From nearly 4,000 drawings had to build a road to the sites. Ubaid submitted, 150 were chosen and exhibited at Pakistan's National Art Gallery. Karen Freeman, Ullah Malik, Regional Construction USAID Deputy Director and Tarek Selim, project\Chief of Party view the drawings. Government Boys' High School Khagan, KP, under construction.
PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM | 19

18 | PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM

NEW TASKS:

University of Karachi, Karachi city (Sindh)\ Faculty of Education building, University of Sindh, Hyderabad (Sindh) Faculty of Education building, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women (SBKW) University, Quetta (Balochistan) Building at University of Education, Lahore (Punjab) Building for Institute of Education Research, University of Punjab, (Lahore, Punjab) Faculty of Education building, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur (Sindh)

University of Hazara, Mansehra (KP), Faculty of Education building. Computer model

Memorandum of Understanding signing ceremony with Vice Chancellors of seven universities, the Government of Pakistan's Higher Education Commission, USAID Pakistan Reconstruction Program and Teachers' Training program.

Construction of Health Facilities

Broadening Horizons of Commitment

To broaden its commitment for socioeconomic development of Pakistan, the US Government through the USAID, extended further tangible support to the country to strengthen its health and education sectors. In June 2011, the Pakistan Earthquake Recovery and Rehabilitation Program (PERRP) was reviewed and its scope enhanced to include non-quake related construction, hence renamed Pakistan Reconstruction Program (PRP). This opened new vistas to USAID-funded reconstruction efforts aimed at Pakistan's development on a long-term and sustainable basis. The general scope of work in the expanded program is similar to the earthquake reconstruction. It includes social and technical considerations such as earthquake resistance, technical and social assessment of conditions, gender analysis, preparation of the necessary engineering designs and tender documents for construction. The project, tenders the package among qualified Pakistani contractors, selects the best value subcontractor to perform the work, and provides the construction management and onsite supervision for the construction/rehabilitation of these facilities. Limited community mobilization is also part of the scope of this work. Construction will take place over the next two years for new or for rehabilitating the buildings. The implementing partners for the expanded program include the Higher Education Commission, provincial governments, Administration of 7 universities and 2 hospitals and the USAID-Teachers Education Program. Construction of Education Department Buildings The designs for university buildings consider the use of modern technology such as wireless internet, overhead projectors and have provisions for the flexible use of space for changing program needs. The university buildings are provided with handicap elevators and back-up generators. They will eventually house approximately 3,200 students and 100 faculty members each year. PRP is to construct or rehabilitate below listed health and educational facilities with the area of each facility varying from 15,000 to 50,000 square feet:
Faculty of Education building,

The Gynecological Ward at Karachi's Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC). This is a four-story, 60-bed facility with outpatient wards. It also includes a Learning and Teaching Institute and is expected to serve around 700 patients daily. Work is about 60% completed here. Jacobabad Civil Hospital. The 130bed facility includes outpatient wards, emergency, diagnostic center, ICUs, CCUs, operation theaters besides spacious facilities for administration and support services. It is expected to serve 1.2 million people from the catchment area.

University of Sindh, Hyderabad, Sindh province. Faculty of Education building. Computer model

On education and health tasks by the end of January 2012

University of Hazara, Mansehra (KP) Faculty of Education building,

7 buildings (education departments) at 7 universities across different cities of all provinces are in design phase Construction/rehabilitation of 7 university buildings and 1 hospital will start in 2012 Gynecology Ward at Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center, Karachi is under construction Civil hospital Jacobabad (Sindh province) is under design Sardar Bahabar Khan Women's University, Quetta, Baluchistan. Faculty of Education building. Computer model.

Jacobabad Civil Hospital. Computer model

20 | PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM

Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center, Karachi.

Number of beneficiaries: health and education facilities Health catchment areas population is interior Sindh will benefit from JPMC 1,200,000 for Jacobabad Hospital and facility almost whole Karachi city and 3,200 university students expected Government Boys' High School Khagan, KP, under construction.

to be enrolled annually at the Faculty of Education buildings to be built under this program.
PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM | 21

PROJECT PROGRESS
PERRP Project Year 1 (ending Oct. 26, 2007):

PROJECT TABLES
PRP: On Education and Health: 7 university buildings in Sindh, Baluchistan, KP and Punjab identified Design and construction started of extension to the gynecology ward, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi Design of Jacobabad hospital started

Community mobilized

Community mobilized

PERRP Project Year 4 (ending Oct.26, 2010):

Bagh District, AJK

Design underway

Mansehra District, KP Continued

Design underway

Engineering, environmental & social assessments completed for 92 sites Identified 65 feasible schools or BHUs to build Mobilized 40 communities Completed design of 30 schools & BHUs Bids opened for 25 schools & BHUs Contract awarded for 2 schools Construction began on 2 schools

Construction completed at 9 BHUs & 17 Schools 14 schools under construction 40 communities sharing responsibility for building operation and maintenance All communities preventing problems Design completed for hostel at GGIC Rerra 72 fully mobilized communities

Completed & handed-over

# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

Facility Govt. Girls' Middle School Noman Pura Govt. Girls' Middle School Khana Mori Govt. Girls' High School Chowki Govt Boys' Middle S chool Chaknari Govt. Boys' Middle School Kotri Najum Govt. Girls Middle School Basuti Govt. Boy's Primary School Pehl Govt. Girls' Inter-College Rerra Govt. Boys' Higher Secondary Rerra Govt. Boys' High School Dharray Govt. Girls' High School Chatter No 2 Govt. Boys' High School Dhal Qazian Govt. Boys' High School Harighel Govt. Boys' High School Arja Govt. Girls' Inter-College Arja Govt. Boys' High School Bhurka Mehra Govt. Boys' High School Kafal Garh Govt. Girls' High School Dhal Qazian Govt. Boys' Higher Secondary Bir Pani Govt. Boys' High School Kahuta Govt. Girls' High School Mahldara Govt. Girls' High Secondary School Kharal Abbasian Govt. Girls' High School Jaglari Govt. Girls' High School Thub Govt. Boys' High School Panyali GGHS Savor Mutwali GGMS Ghel Riwali Dhirkot Tehsil Head Quarters Hospital Basic Health Unit Harighel Basic Health Unit Bani Minhasan Basic Health Unit Khawaja Ratnoi Basic Health Unit Kotli Basic Health Unit BHU Haalan Shamali Basic Health Unit BHU Chanjal Basic Health Unit Kala Mula Basic Health Unit BHU Chowki Basic Health Unit BHU Raikot Basic Health Unit BHU Sahlian Dundan Basic Health Unit BHU Sohawa Basic Health Unit BHU Thub Basic Health Unit BHU Neelabut Basic Health Unit BHU Seri Piran Basic Health Unit BHU Rerra

# 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77

Facility Govt. Boys' Primary School Ahl Govt. Boys' High School Nokot Govt. Girls' High School Afzalabad Govt. Boys' High School Afzalabad Govt. Girls' High School Khawari Govt. Boys' High School Khawari Govt. Boys' Primary School Khawari Govt. Girls' High School Behali Govt. Girls' Primary School Behali Govt. Girls' High School Mansehra #2 Govt. Boys' High School Gurwal Govt. Boys' High School Bandi Parao Gvt. Boys' Higher Secondary Mansehra#1 Govt. Boys' Higher Secondary Jabbori Govt. Boys' Higher Secondary Parhina Govt. Girls' High School Kaghan Govt. Boys' Primary School Kaghan Govt. Boys' High School Kaghan Govt. Boys' High School Naran Govt. Boys' Primary School Naran Govt. Boys' High School Paras Govt. Boys' Higher Secondary Jared Govt. Girls' High School Trangri bala Govt. Boys' Middle School Nika Pani Govt. Boys' Hiugher Secondary Kewai

2B 2 2 5 5 5 5 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 11-3 11-3 7 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 11-3 11-3 11-3

Plans for Year 6 (ending Oct. 26, 2012):

PERRP Project Year 2 (ending Oct. 26, 2008):

Project Year 5 (ending Oct.26, 2011): PERRP: Earthquake-affected Areas:

Engineering, environmental & social assessments completed for 45 sites Mobilized total of 43 communities Maintenance plans made for 40 sites Design completed for 10 buildings Design started for 11 Schools Contracts awarded for 32 buildings Began construction on 30 buildings Construction completed on 2 buildings

Requirements Finalized

Construction In progress

Mobilized total of 72 communities Maintenance plans made for 40 sites Design completed for 20 more schools Design completed for Tehsil HQ hospital Design started for 3 Rural Health Centers Contracts awarded for 15 buildings Began construction on 19 more buildings Tendering completed for 21 additional buildings Construction completed on 9 buildings

# 78 79

11-4 11-4

Facility Obs/Gyne Ward at Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center, Karachi Jacobabad Hospital

Educational Facilities Health Facilities

MOU Signed Design underway Construction In progress Construction completed Task Order

Mansehra District, KP
44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 6 6 6 6 6 9 9 9 9 Govt. Girls' Middle School Paras Govt. Girls' Primary School Paras Govt. Boys' Primary School Paras Govt. Boys' Primary School Mohandri Govt. Boys' High School Mohandri Govt. Boys' High School Trappi Govt. Boys' Primary School Trappi Govt. Boys' High School Bherkund Govt. Boys' High School Ahl # 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Facility Faculty of Education, Hazara University, Mansehra Faculty of Education, Sindh University Hyderabad Faculty of Education, Karachi University, Karachi Faculty of Education, Sardar Bhadur Khan University, Quetta Institute of Eduction Research, Punjab University, Lahore Faculty of Education, University of Lahore, Lahore Faculty of Education , Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur

11-4 11-4 11-4 11-4 11-4 11-4 11-4

22 | PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM

PAKISTAN RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM | 23

Construction completed

Task Order

PERRP Project Year 3 (ending Oct. 26, 2009):

Design underway

A total of 52 buildings in AJ&K and KP completed (including 36 large schools, 15 basic health units, 1 pre-engineered hospital building In year 5, completed construction of 15 schools, 2 BHUs and 1 pre-engineered building at sub-district hospital Dhirkot, AJ&K Started construction of 20 schools 72 fully mobilized communities, sharing responsibility for building operation and maintenance and preventing problems 1 THQ hospital under construction 5 additional schools identified for construction

12 schools in quake-hit areas to be completed construction of 5 schools in quake-hit areas to begin Construction to be completed at the gynecology ward at Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center (JPMC) in Karachi construction of 1 hospital, at Jacobabad city, to begin construction on 7 additional buildings at 7 universities to begin social mobilization efforts to continue to prevent problems Make or upgrade maintenance plans for all completed buildings Assess, design and reconstruct feasible flood-affected schools in Balochistan and Sindh provinces

New Projects Update Table Health Facilities

Completed & handed-over

Construction In progress

Construction In progress

Task Order

Task Order