#9 Caringal, Claire Anne E.

2BMT

HORMONE
Insulin

Source
Pancreas Pancreas

Stimulus for release

Elevated blood glucose levels Low bs

Inhibitor
Glucagon Amilyn

Effects
Increases uptake and use of glucose and amino acids Increases breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose into the circulatory system Increased rate of breakdown of bone by osteoclasts; increased reabsorption of Calcium in kidneys; increased absorption of Calcium from the small intestine; increased vitamin D synthesis; increased blood Calcium levels Decreases the rate of bone breakdown; prevents large increases of blood calcium levels following a meal Avoid disease due to deficiency Conserves water; constricts blood vessels

Glucagon Parathyroid glands Low bl. Calcium stimulate, Produce and release of PTH Calcitonin

PTH

Thyroid Gland Calcitonin Bone Posterior Pituitary Gland ADH/AVP

High bl. Calcium levels (humoral)

Osteoblast

Vitamin D

PTH respectively dehydration (humoral control)

Caffeine Hydrated. Alcohol is an inhibitor.the hangover is a result of alcohol dehydration. Caffeine also inhibit ADH. Catecholamines

Oxytocin

Posterior Pituitary Gland

GH

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Positive Feedback, stretch receptors in the vagina and touch receptors around the nipple for milk ejection (lactation) Exercise, hypoglycaemia

Increase uterine contractions Increases milk letdown for mammary glands

Somatostatin

ACTH

Anterior Pituitary Gland

CRH (corticotropic releasing hormone) from hypothalamus

Somatostatin

Adrenal Cortex Cortisol

Inc. ACTH, intense prolong exercise

ACTH

Increases gene expression, breakdown of lipids, and release of fatty acids from cells; increases blood glucose levels Increases secretion of glucocorticoid hormones, such as cortisol; increases skin pigmentation at high concentrations Increase fat and protein breakdown, increase glucose synthesis from amino acids; increase blood nutrient levels; inhibit inflammation and immune response

Adrenal Cortex Aldosterone

ACTH at times of stress, Low Na; reninangiotensin System triggered by kidney

Glyccyrrhetinic Acid

Increase rate of sodium transport into body; increase rate of potassium excretion; secondarily favour water retention Insignificant in males; increase female sexual drive, growth of pubic and axillary hair Promotes ovulation and progesterone production in ovary; promotes testosterone synthesis and support for sperm cell production in testis Promotes follicle maturation and estrogen secretion in ovary; promotes sperm cell production in testis

Adrenal Androgen

Adrenal Cortex

ACTH

Abiratrone Acetate

LH

Anterior Pituitary Gland

GnRH from hypothalamus

Estrogen and androgens

Anterior Pituitary Gland FSH

beg. of puberty and all thru reprod. yrs., the hypothalamus will release GNrH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone)

Sex Steroids

Progesterone

Reproductive OrgansOvaries

LH

Estrogen

Estrogen

Reproductive OrgansOvaries

Inc. FSH Inc. LH

Gonadotroponin

Reproductive organs- Testes Testosterone

Inc. FSH Inc. LH , stress

Antiandrogens

Aid in uterine and mammary gland development and function, external genitalia structure, secondary sexual characteristics, sexual behaviour, menstrual cycle Aid in uterine and mammary gland development and function, external genitalia structure, secondary sexual characteristics, sexual behaviour, menstrual cycle Aid in sperm cell production, maintenance of functional reproductive organs, secondary sexual characteristics, sexual behaviour Milk production in lactating women; increased response of follicle in females to LH and FSH; unclear function in males

Anterior Pituitary Gland Prolactin

PRF from hypothalamus, also when already breastfeeding, the infant sucking on the nipple will cause her to make more milk TRH from hypothalamus when thyroid hormone levels in the bl. are low

Estrogen and progesterone

TSH

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Somatostatin

Increased thyroid hormone secretion

Thyroid Gland T3/T4

Low levels of T3 & T4 in the blood trigger hypothal. To release TRH

Somatostatin

Thymosin Erythropoietin MSH Renin Angiotensin ANP Leptin hCG

Thymus Kidneys

THS Oxygen, hypoxic stress

Sex hormones Monocyte conditioned medium Dopamine ANH

accelerates the rate of cellular metabolism (mitochondrial breakdown of carbohydrates, rate of protein syn, and lipid breakdown) in every cell Promotes immune system development and function RBC Production

Pituitary gland Livers

CRH Negative, Dec. Bp

Angiotensin I Angiotesin II Heart

Negatve, Dec. Bp Sympathetic stimulation of B-adrew receptosAntigen 1 Food intake Pregnancy Stimulated by daylight (circardian rythm)

ARB Elevated endogenous kinin levels Decreased number of adipocytes Child delivery Light

Stimulate production and release of melanin Mediates extracellular volume at arterial vasoconstriction Vasoconstriction Vasodilatation

Adipose Tissue Placenta Pineal Gland

Suppresses Appetite Maintenance of corpus uuteum Inhibits secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, thereby inhibiting reproduction

Melatonin Seminal Vesicle

PG/LT

Pregnancy

Aspirin