Time : 3 Hrs

MODEL EXAMINATION - MARCH 2004 HYDRAULICS Maximum mar s :!00

[ N.B.: 1. Answer all questions , choosing any two divisions from (a) and any one division from ( ) of each question. !. All questions carry equal mar"s .# Mar s

I. a

1. Define cohesion and adhesion with example. 2. Distinguish between vacuum pressure, atmospheric pressure and absolute pressure. 3.Define capillarity and explain with examples..

5 5 5

b. 1. differential manometer is attached to two points of venturimeter in which oil of specific gravity !." is flowing. If the two points are at the same level in a hori#ontal line and deflection of mercury is !.$m , find the pressure difference in %&a between the two points. 1!

2. triangular plate, 1 m base and 1.5 m height is immersed in water at an angle of 3! deg to the free surface of water. 'he base is parallel to and at a depth of 2m from the free water surface and the apex is below the base . (ind, )a* resultant pressure an one side of the plate and )b* depth of centre of pressure 1! II. a 1. +tate ,ernoulii-s 'heorem 5 2. .ater is flowing through a pipe whose diameter changes gradually from 3!! mm to 1!! mm . 'he velocity of flow at the larger end is /m0sec . (ind the rate of discharge and the velocity of water at the smaller end. 5 3. 1xplain clearly the difference between orifice and mouth piece . 5 b. 1. n orifice in the side of a large tan% is rectangular in shape , 1.2 m broad and !.2!m deep. If water level on one side of orifice is 2./m above the top edge and the water level on the other side of orifice is !.3m below the top of orifice, find the discharge . 'a%e 3d4!.22 . 1! 2. .ater discharges at the rate of "$ lps through a 12! mm diameter vertical sharp 5edged orifice placed under a constant head of 1$ m . point on 6et , measured from 7ena8contracta , has the co8ordinates /.5m hori#ontal and !.5/ m vertical . (ind the values of hydraulic coefficients . 1! III a.1 9ist out the differences between notches and weirs. 2 .hat are advantages of 78notch over rectangular notch . 3 .hat are the classifications of nappe. 1xplain briefly with s%etches. 5 5 5

b 1. rectangular weir 1! m long, is divided in to / e:ual bays by 3 vertical piers each !./ m thic% . (ind the discharge using (rancis - formula and ,a#in-s formula , when the head is 1.!m 1! 2. trape#oidal notch , 2!! mm wide at the bottom has side slopes 1 ; 1. If the discharge over the notch is 3!! lps , determine the head causing flow over the sill of the notch . 'a%e 3d as !.22 . 1! I7 a.1. +tate the conditions under which the trape#oidal channel will be the most economical . 2. .hy is lining of canals necessary <. =ame the types of lining . 3.1xplain 9imiting velocity and 3ritical velocity . 5 5 5

b. 1. pipe of !.!" m2 are suddenly enlarges to !.32 m2 area.. 'he discharge in the pipe is !.2$3 m30s. 'he pressure at the smaller part of the pipe is $/./x1!3 &a. Determine )a* velocity at smaller part, )b* velocity at larger part, )c* loss of head due to sudden enlargement and )d* pressure at the larger part. 2. rectangular channel has a cross section of 5! s:m . Determine the discharge through the most economical section if the bed slope is 1 in 1!!!. 'a%e 3 4 52.5 7 a.1. Define specific yield , cone of depression and specific capacity of wells . 2. Draw a neat s%etch of a centrifugal pump and indicate all the component parts. 3..rite any five advantages of a centrifugal pump when compared with reciprocating pump . 1! 5 5 5

b. 1 . double acting reciprocating pump has a piston of 3!! mm diameter and stro%e of 2!! mm . If the speed of the pump is 3! rpm and the lift is 2!m, determine the :uantity of water raised by the pump in litres per sec and the power re:uired. 1! 2. centrifugal pump delivers /! lps of water to a height of 2! m through a pipe of 1!! mm diameter and 1!! m long . If the overall efficiency is >5? , find the power re:uired to drive the pump . ssume f 4 !.!/ 1!