Back from the Appalachian Trail Mark Sanford Ranked #1 in 2013 Liberty Index CLIFFORD F.

THIES Four years ago, Mark Sanford, then Governor of South Carolina, was on the Appalachian Trial, smitten by and in pursuit of another woman. Discarding his beautiful wife, risking his relation with his children, and throwing away any chance that he might be the next Republican nominee for President of the United States. Today, he has returned from that place of temporary insanity, divorced and remarried, re-elected to the U.S. Congress, and ranked #1 in the 2013 Liberty Index. It is a crazy and bittersweet story, tender and troubling, and totally real. The Liberty Index is a unique two-dimensional index of Congressional voting, dating back to 1989. On one scale, it measures the tendency to vote in a pro-free market way on economic issues such as cutting spending and taxes, balancing the budget, freeing up international trade and relying on private enterprise instead of industrial policy. On the other scale, it measures the tendency to vote for personal liberty to include privacy, the non-establishment and free exercise of religion, the Second Amendment, and the rights of the accused; also, a non-interventionist foreign policy. THE VOTES For each chamber of Congress, for each of the two dimensions, ranking are based on twenty role call votes (a total of forty), except that this year the index also uses announced positions on the non-vote to authorize the use of force in Syria, as compiled by the Whip Count of the Washington Post. The roll call votes are identified by me, subject to review by a small, carefully-chosen panel of wellrespected libertarian Republicans, without prior knowledge as to how particular members cast their votes. This year, on the economics side, the index reflects votes on hot issues such as Health Care Overhaul, the Ryan budget, carbon taxes, the Keystone pipeline, hydraulic fracturing, TANF (welfare) work rules and SNAP (food stamp) eligibility. Some curious votes are also included, among these are price supports for Christmas Trees, declaring stones to be agricultural commodities (and, thus, eligible for price supports), and funding the Navys grossly-overpriced Z-class destroyer. As Table 1 shows, there is a huge difference between the average Democrat and the average Republican when it comes to economic issues. Democrats love government and Republicans love the private sector. This is the defining issue of politics today. Within as well as across parties, there are differences in voting tendencies on personal liberties. But, you can be pro-gun and within the mainstream of the Democratic Party as long as you are for a big government. And, you can be pro1

choice and within the mainstream of the Republican Party as long as you are for a big private sector. Figure 1 shows the enormous gap that has opened between the parties in another way. The Red Circles, representing Republicans, are all to the right of the chart (signifying support for free markets), although scattered up and down on the vertical axis (which measures support for personal liberty). The Blue Squares, representing Democrats, are almost all to the left of the chart (signifying support for government control of the economy). They, too, are scattered up and down on the vertical axis. On the personal liberties side, there was some difficulty assembling sets of roll call votes that reflect the breadth of libertarian concerns. The House roll calls oversample the tension between personal liberty and national security (as neoconservatives see things). The Senate roll calls over-sample Second Amendment issues. This is a not unusual problem in the history of the Liberty Index. There simply are years when one or the other chamber generates disproportionate numbers of personal liberties votes in certain areas. All that can be said is that, hopefully, over time, the vagaries of this component of the index are evened-out. And, given the skew in the index in the Senate due to the disproportionate number of gun votes, we do not think the index for that body adequately distinguishes libertarians from conservatives. In the Senate, following the massacre at Sandy Hook, a series of votes were taken on gun control. As per usual, a tragedy was used to try to enact legislation that had been rejected multiple times previously, that on careful examination would not have prevented that massacre. And, as per usual, constituent pressure on Democrats from rural states deep-sixed the effort. In the House, where the Republicans actually go through the motions required by the 1974 Budget Act, the index reflects numerous votes to de-fund the longest war in which this country has gotten into, the War in Afghanistan. Can anybody even say why we stayed in that God-forsaken place after we kicked the Talibans butt? As the main author of the Liberty Index, I am of course proud that we were right to oppose the 2003 authorization of the use of force in Iraq. But, we were o.k. with the 2001 authorization of the use of force in Afghanistan. We did not anticipate the mission creep that would follow, under both Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama. This year, in an innovation, a non-vote is included in the Liberty Index. This involves the Presidents decision, on August 31st, to ask Congress to authorize the use of force in Syria. Of course, as a U.S. Senator, he said it would be unconstitutional for a President to initiate the use of force without Congressional authorization in the absence of an imminent threat to the United States. But, once he put on the ring of power, things changed. It often happens this way, which is why the Constitution requires Congressional authorization. Further, the U.N. Charter, which this country has approved, forbids the initial of force without authorization from the U.N. Security Council, while reserving to all countries the right of self-defense. In defense 2

of the President, he did ultimately turn to the Congress. But, it was monstrous for him to have argued that he did not have to and was only doing so because that would be more effective than acting on his own. Upon the announcement that the President would request authorization to use force, members of Congress started to announce their positions. First, the leadership of both parties indicated their support. But, then, back-benchers on both sides of the aisle starting to express their misgivings. A trickle turned into a flood and, soon, tabulations of announced positions began appearing on blogs. Eventually, the established media got into the act of tracking announcements. When a majority in the House of Representatives announced that they were either opposed to or were leaning in opposition to authorization of the use of force, that was it. The idea of requesting Congressional authorization was quietly dropped. Dropping the idea of asking for authorization to use force, President Obama then sent in the clown and when President Putin of Russia jumped on a gaffe made by the U.S. Secretary of State concerning acceptable conditions for the removal of chemical weapons the issue was over. Reports from Syria indicate that Assads forces have continued to use chemical weapons against rebel forces, mixed in with conventional artillery, and that he has now gained the upper hand in the civil war. But, at least were not involved in yet another intractable situation in that part of the world. With the many national security votes included in the set of House roll calls in this years index, it is clear that a cross-party coalition has emerged on this issue consisting of a majority of the Democrats and a significant minority of the Republicans, few of whom are members of either partys leadership. Its both ends against the middle. The people against the establishment. All through history, who is it that bears the cost of war in terms both of lives lost and repaying the debt that is accumulated? Its the youth of the nation. Who will be our Theseus to slay the Minotaur? Our Katniss to put an end to the Hunger Games? TOP SCORERS As mentioned above, the top scorer in this years Liberty Index is Mark Sanford of South Carolina. Congressman Sanford in fact scored a double perfect 100-100 score. We have had perfect scores in the past, but this is the first double-perfect score. In a four-way tie for second place are Tim Huelskamp of Kansas, Tom McClintock of California, Mark Mulvany of Oklahoma and Dana Rohrabacher of California, with scores of 95-95 or 100-90. Other high scorers include Justin Amash of Michigan, Paul Broun of Georgia, Raul Labrador of Idaho, Cynthia Lummis of Wyoming, and Ted Poe of Texas. At the bottom, as we see things, we had a double-zero, Ed Markey of Massachusetts. Of course, from the progressive point of view, a double-zero would be their version

of perfect and, so, it should not be surprising that he was promoted from Congressman to Senator in a special election. # # #

TABLE 1. 2013 Liberty Index, summary Progressives 2013 Liberty Index Libertarians 0 42 0 86 Moderates 0 2 10 1 Economic Liberties Personal Liberties Liberals Conservatives 0 1 1 145 5

Senate Democrats (incl. 2 Ind.) Senate Republicans House Democrats House Republicans

6 86 11 90

14 81 55 50

10 83 33 70

54 0 66 0

2 0 123 0

TABLE 2. 2013 Liberty Index U.S. Senate Economic Liberties 2013 Liberty Index 82 85 10 92 26 22 8 8 80 85 0 3 75 5 5 3 11 72 88 89 69 45 3 74 90 100 95 23 5 93 3 83 82 6 Personal Liberties 84 85 15 89 37 33 11 11 80 90 0 6 70 5 5 5 12 68 90 82 79 50 5 68 85 100 95 37 5 90 5 80 63

Alexander, Lamar Ayotte, Kelly Baldwin, Tammy Barrasso, Joe Baucus, Max Begich, Mark Bennet, Michael Blumenthal, Richard Blunt, Roy Boozman, John Boxer, Barbara Brown, Sherrod Burr, Richard Cantwell, Maria Cardin, Ben Carper, Tom Casey, Bob Chambliss, Saxby Coats, Dan Coburn, Tom Cochran, Thad Collins, Susan Coons, Chris Corker, Bob Cornyn, John Crapo, Mike Cruz, Ted Donnelly, Joe Durbin, Dick Enzi, Mike Feinstein, Diane Fischer, Deb Flake, Jeff

TN NH WI WY MT AK CO CT MO AR CA OH NC WA MD DE PA GA IN OK MS ME DE TN TX ID TX IN IL WY CA NE AZ

R R D R D D D D R R D D R D D D D R R R R R D R R R R D D R D R R

80 85 5 95 15 11 5 5 80 80 0 0 80 5 5 0 10 75 85 95 60 40 0 80 95 100 95 10 5 95 0 85 100

Franken, Al Gillibrand, Kirsten Graham, Lindsey Grassley, Charles Hagan, Kay Harkin, Tom Hatch, Orrin Heinrich, Martin Heitkamp, Heidi Heller, Dean Hirono, Mazie Hoeven, John Inhofe, John Isakson, Johnny Johanns, Mike Johnson, Ron Johnson, Tim Kaine, Tim Kerry, John King, Angus Kirk, Mark Klobuchar, Amy Landrieau, Mary Lautenberg, Frank Leahy, Patrick Lee, Mike Levin, Carl Manchin, Joe Markey, Ed McCain, John McCaskill, Claire McConnell, Mitch Menendez, Bob Merkley, Jeff Mikulski, Barbara Moran, Jerry Murkowski, Lisa Murphy, Chris Murray, Patti Nelson, Bill

MN NY SC IA NC IA UT NM ND NV HI ND OK GA NE WI SD VA MA ME IL MN LA NJ VT UT MI WV MA AZ MO KY NJ OR MD KS AK CT WA FL

D D R R D D R D D R D R R R R R D D D I R D D D D R D D D R D R D D D R R D D D

5 5 75 90 20 0 95 0 15 85 0 75 100 75 75 95 5 15 7 5 80 5 15 0 0 95 0 26 0 80 15 95 5 10 5 100 63 5 6 5

5 5 68 95 30 5 79 25 47 95 0 85 85 80 74 90 11 5 0 11 35 11 28 0 5 100 5 58 18 63 16 85 5 16 5 90 50 10 6 0

5 5 72 92 25 3 87 13 31 90 0 80 93 78 74 93 8 10 4 8 58 8 21 0 3 98 3 42 9 72 15 90 5 13 5 95 57 8 6 3

Paul, Rand KY R 95 95 95 Portman, Rob OH R 85 75 80 Pryor, Mark AR D 20 55 38 Reed, Jack RI D 5 5 5 Reid, Harry NV D 5 5 5 Risch, Jim ID R 100 100 100 Roberts, Pat KS R 90 90 90 Rockefeller, Jay WV D 5 5 5 Rubio, Marco FL R 95 90 93 Sanders, Bernie VT I 0 11 6 Schatz, Brian HI D 0 15 8 Schumer, Carl NY D 5 5 5 Scott, Tim SC R 100 83 92 Sessions, Jeff AL R 85 78 81 Shaheen, Jeanne NH D 10 15 13 Shelby, Richard AL R 80 90 85 Stabenow, Debbie MI D 5 0 3 Tester, Jon MT D 10 26 18 Thune, John SD R 85 84 85 Toomey, Pat PA R 95 68 82 Udall, Mark CO D 5 22 14 Udall, Tom NM D 0 30 15 Vitter, David LA R 90 84 87 Warner, Mark VA D 15 24 19 Warren, Elizabeth MA D 5 6 5 Whitehouse, Sheldon RI D 5 5 5 Wicker, Roger MS R 75 80 78 Wyden, Ron OR D 10 11 10 Both Kennedy and his eventual replacement Markey rated. Lautenberg but neither Chiesa nor Booker rated for lack of votes.

TABLE 2. 2013 Liberty Index U.S. House of Representatives Personal Liberties 32 44 95 42 53 55 47 16 44 45 11 50 68 56 71 60 70 47 45 42 32 53 40 45 74 68 29 45 63 30 68 53 40 2013 Liberty Index 57 63 90 68 31 78 64 25 62 73 40 75 34 28 35 75 83 36 73 66 28 31 70 70 39 37 52 68 32 65 39 69 68 9 Economic Liberties Aderholt, Robert Alexander, Rodney Amash, Justin Amodei, Mark Andrews, Rob Bachmann, Michele Bachus, Spencer Barber, Ron Barietta, Lou Barr, Andy Barrow, John Barton, Joe Bass, Karen Beatty, Joyce Becerra, Xavier Benishek, Dan Bentivolio, Kerry Bera, Ami Bilirakis, Gus Bishop, Rob Bishop, Stanford Bishop, Tim Black, Diane Blackburn, Marsha Blumenauer, Earl Bonamici, Suzanne Bonner, Jo Boustany, Charles Brady, Bob Brady, Kevin Braley, Bruce Bridenstine, Jim Brooks, Mo AL LA MI NV NJ MN AL AZ PA KY GA TX CA OH CA MI MI CA FL UT GA NY TN TN OR OR AL LA PA TX IA OK AL 4 5 3 2 1 6 8 2 11 6 12 6 37 3 34 1 11 7 12 1 2 1 6 7 3 1 1 3 1 8 1 1 5 R R R R D R R D R R D R D D D R R D R R D D R R D D R R D R D R R 82 82 84 94 10 100 80 33 80 100 70 100 0 0 0 90 95 25 100 90 25 10 100 95 5 5 75 90 0 100 10 85 95

Brooks, Susan Broun, Paul Brown, Corrine Brownley, Julia Buchanan, Vern Bucshon, Larry Burgess, Michael Bustos, Cheri Butterfield, G.K. Calvert, Ken Camp, Dave Cantor, Eric Capito, Shelley Moore Capps, Lois Capuano, Michael Cardenas, Tony Carney, John Carson, Andre Carter, John Cartwright, Matt Cassidy, Bill Castor, Kathy Castro, Joaquin Chabot, Steve Chaffetz, Jason Chu, Judy Cicilline, David Clarke, Yvette Clay, Lacy Cleaver, Emmanuel Clyburn, Jim Coble, Howard Coffman, Mike Cohen, Steve Cole, Tom Collins, Chris Collins, Doug Connolly, Gerry Conoway, Mike Conyers, John

IN GA FL CA FL IN TX IL NC CA MI VA WV CA MA CA DE IN TX PA LA FL TX OH UT CA RI NY MO MO SC NC CO TN OK NY GA VA TX MI

5 10 5 26 16 8 26 17 1 42 4 7 2 24 7 29 1 7 31 17 6 14 20 1 3 27 1 9 1 5 6 6 6 9 4 27 9 11 11 13

R R D D R R R D D R R R R D D D D D R D R D D R R D D D D D D R R D R R R D R D

100 85 5 15 95 95 100 35 10 90 95 95 75 5 0 11 5 0 90 0 95 5 10 100 100 0 5 0 10 6 12 85 100 0 84 90 95 20 85 0

32 85 40 39 80 42 75 33 39 32 58 26 47 63 74 47 47 58 30 58 65 55 42 42 75 65 74 74 68 75 53 64 79 68 47 37 47 35 32 61

66 85 23 27 88 69 88 34 24 61 76 61 61 34 37 29 26 29 60 29 80 30 26 71 88 32 39 37 39 41 32 74 89 34 66 63 71 28 58 31

10

Cook, Paul Cooper, Jim Costa, Jim Cotton, Tom Courtney, Joe Cramer, Kevin Crawford, Rick Crenshaw, Ander Crowley, Joe Cuellar, Henry Culberson, John Cummings, Elijah Daines, Steve Davis, Danny Davis, Rodney Davis, Susan DeFazio, Peter DeGette, Diana Delaney, John DeLauro, Rosa DelBene, Susan Denham, Jeff Dent, Charlie DeSantis, Ron DesJarlais, Scott Deutch, Ted Diaz-Balart, Mario Dingell, John Doggett, Lloyd Doyle, Mike Duckworth, Tammy Duffy, Sean Duncan, Jeff Duncan, John Edwards, Donna Ellison, Keith Ellmers, Renee Engel, Eliiot Enyart, Bill Eshoo, Anna

CA TN CA AR CT ND AR FL NY TX TX MD MT IL IL CA OR CT MD CT WA CA PA FL TN FL FL MI TX PA IL WI SC TN MD MN NC NY IL CA

8 5 16 4 2 1 1 4 14 28 7 7 1 7 13 53 4 1 6 3 1 10 15 6 4 21 25 12 35 14 8 7 3 2 4 5 2 16 12 18

R D D R D R R R D D R D R D R D D D D D D R R R R D R D D D D R R R D D R D D D

90 25 44 100 15 80 80 79 0 40 95 5 95 0 80 10 10 11 25 5 15 80 80 100 100 5 72 11 20 11 21 84 100 100 0 0 95 0 20 0

26 53 37 35 68 53 45 35 53 32 45 74 65 53 70 42 80 68 32 63 58 28 30 55 55 45 24 37 70 68 40 70 60 80 68 65 40 37 47 70

58 39 41 68 42 66 63 57 26 36 70 39 80 26 75 26 45 40 28 34 36 54 55 78 78 25 48 24 45 39 31 77 80 90 34 33 68 18 34 35

11

Esty, Elizabeth Farenthold, Blake Farr, Sam Fattah, Chaka Fincher, Stephen Fitzpatrick, Mike Fleishmann, Chuck Fleming, John Flores, Bill Forbes, Randy Fortenberry, Jeff Foster, Bill Foxx, Virginia Frankel, Lois Franks, Trent Frelinghuysen, Rodney Fudge, Marcia Gabbard, Tulsi Gallego, Pete Garamendi, John Garcia, Joe Gardner, Cory Garrett, Scott Gerlach, Jim Gibbs, Bob Gibson, Chris Gingrey, Phil Gohmert, Louie Goodlatte, Bob Gosar, Paul Gowdy, Trey Granger, Kay Graves, Sam Graves, Tom Grayson, Alan Green, Al Green, Gene Griffin, Tim Griffith, Morgan Grijalva, Raul

CT TX CA PA TN PA TN LA TX VA NE IL NC FL AZ NJ OH HI TX CA FL CO NJ PA OH NY GA TX VA AZ SC TX MO GA FL TX TX AR VA AZ

5 27 20 2 8 8 3 4 17 4 1 11 5 22 8 11 11 2 23 3 26 4 5 6 7 19 11 1 6 4 4 12 6 14 9 9 29 2 9 3

D R D D R R R R R R R D R D R R D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R D D D R R D

15 85 0 0 90 75 100 100 100 80 89 21 100 5 100 90 0 15 30 10 33 95 95 75 100 60 95 100 95 88 100 78 89 100 10 20 26 90 90 0

63 60 75 53 55 53 37 50 40 40 50 37 45 47 32 26 53 70 16 70 26 47 80 26 50 80 55 67 50 65 70 32 32 65 75 50 63 50 79 75

39 73 38 26 73 64 68 75 70 60 69 29 73 26 66 58 26 43 23 40 30 71 88 51 75 70 75 83 73 77 85 55 61 83 43 35 45 70 84 38

12

Grimm, Michael Guthrie, Brett Gutierrez, Luis Hahn, Janice Hall, Ralph Hanabusa, Colleen Hanna, Richard Harper, Gregg Harris, Andy Hartzler, Vicky Hastings, Alcee Hastings, Doc Heck, Denny Heck, Joe Hensarling, Jeb Herrera Beutler, Jaime Higgins, Brian Himes, Jim Hinojosa, Ruben Holding, George Holt, Rush Honda, Mike Horsford, Steve Hoyer, Steny Hudson, Richard Huelskamp, Tim Huffman, Jared Huizenga, Bill Hultgren, Randy Hunter, Duncan Hurt, Robert Israel, Steve Issa, Darrell Jackson Lee, Sheila Jeffries, Hakeem Jenkins, Lynn Johnson, Bill Johnson, Eddie Bernice Johnson, Hank Johnson, Sam

NY KY IL CA TX HI NY MS MD MO FL WA WA NV TX WA NY CT TX NC NJ CA NV MD NC KS CA MI IL CA VA NY CA TX NY KS OH TX GA TX

11 2 4 44 4 1 22 3 1 4 20 4 10 3 5 3 26 4 15 13 12 17 4 5 8 1 2 2 14 50 5 3 49 18 8 2 6 30 4 3

R R D D R D R R R R D R D R R R D D D R D D D D R R D R R R R D R D D R R D D R

61 90 0 5 85 16 74 75 100 80 0 90 5 85 100 79 0 26 18 95 0 0 0 6 90 95 0 95 90 100 100 10 100 11 0 90 95 10 5 95

28 50 71 68 45 60 53 37 70 37 67 37 42 40 45 63 75 63 53 37 67 74 60 30 42 95 68 58 58 50 53 35 47 42 63 45 53 63 42 40

44 70 35 37 65 38 63 56 85 58 33 63 24 63 73 71 38 45 35 66 33 37 30 18 66 95 34 76 74 75 76 23 74 27 32 68 74 37 24 67

13

Jones, Walter Jordan, Jim Joyce, David Kaptur, Marcy Keating, Bill Kelly, Mike Kelly, Robin Kennedy, Joe, III Kildee, Dan Kilmer, Derek Kind, Ron King, Peter King, Steve Kingston, Jack Kinzinger, Adam Kirkpatrick, Ann Kline, John Kuster, Anne McLane Labrador, Raul LaMalfa, Doug Lamborn, Doug Lance, Leonard Langevin, Jim Lankford, James Larsen, Rick Larson, John Latham, Tom Latta, Bob Lee, Barbara Levin, Sander Lewis, John Lipinski, Dan LoBiondo, Frank Loebsack, David Lofgren, Zoe Long, Billy Lowenthal, Alan Lowey, Nita Lucas, Frank Luetkemeyer, Blaine

NC OH OH OH MA PA IL MA MI WA WI NY IA GA IL AZ MN NH ID CA CO NJ RI OK WA CT IA OH CA MI GA IL NJ IA CA MO CA NY OK MO

3 4 14 9 9 3 2 4 5 6 3 2 4 1 16 1 2 2 1 1 5 7 2 5 2 1 3 5 13 9 5 3 2 2 19 7 47 17 3 3

R R R D D R D D D D D R R R R D R D R R R R D R D D R R D D D D R D D R D D R R

74 100 68 10 5 90 0 0 5 15 25 70 90 100 85 24 100 15 94 90 100 80 11 90 13 5 80 100 5 5 0 11 65 15 20 95 0 5 75 84

89 63 35 44 53 21 58 42 47 53 47 15 42 63 25 47 45 63 85 42 42 55 47 40 33 68 40 40 75 30 53 37 37 68 74 32 68 37 42 35

82 82 52 27 29 56 29 21 26 34 36 43 66 82 55 35 73 39 90 66 71 68 29 65 23 37 60 70 40 18 26 24 51 42 47 63 34 21 59 60

14

Lujan Grisham, Michele Lujan, Ben Ray Lummis, Cynthia Lynch, Stephen Maffei, Dan Maloney, Carolyn Maloney, Sean Patrick Marchant, Kenny Marino, Tom Markey, Ed Massie, Thomas Matheson, Jim Matsui, Doris McCarthy, Kevin McCaul, Michael McClintock, Tom McCollum, Betty McDermott, Jim McGovern, Jim McHenry, Patrick McIntyre, Mike McKeon, Buck McKinley, David McMorris Rodgers, Cathy McNerney, Jerry Meadows, Mark Meehan, Pat Meeks, Gregory Meng, Grace Messer, Luke Mica, John Michaud, Mike Miller, Candice Miller, Gary Miller, George Miller, Jeff Moore, Gwen Moran, Jim Mullin, Markwayne Mulvaney, Mick

NM NM WY MA NY NY NY TX PA MA KY UT CA CA TX CA MN WA MA NC NC CA WV WA CA NC PA NY NY IN FL ME MI CA CA FL WI VA OK SC

1 3 1 8 24 12 18 24 10 5 4 4 6 23 10 4 4 7 2 10 7 25 1 5 9 11 7 5 6 6 7 2 10 31 11 1 4 8 2 5

D D R D D D D R R D R D D R R R D D D R D R R R D R R D D R R D R R D R D D R R

25 15 90 6 45 10 45 100 80 0 80 65 0 90 100 100 10 0 0 100 60 85 70 85 20 95 80 0 6 100 95 10 90 93 7 100 10 0 90 100

42 47 85 68 74 56 42 42 35 0 95 40 63 32 37 90 58 68 75 44 60 37 65 47 32 68 40 53 44 40 74 68 65 39 68 40 63 55 40 90

34 31 88 37 59 33 44 71 58 0 88 53 32 61 68 95 34 34 38 72 60 61 68 66 26 82 60 26 25 70 84 39 78 66 38 70 37 28 65 95

15

Murphy, Patrick Murphy, Tim Nadler, Jerry Napolitano, Grace Neal, Richard Negrete McLoed, Gloria Neugebauer, Randy Noem, Kristi Nolan, Rick Nugent, Rich Nunes, Devin Nunnelee, Alan O'Rouke, Beto Olsen, Pete Owens, Bill Palazzo, Steven Pallone, Frank Pascrell, Bill Pastor, Ed Paulsen, Erik Payne, Donald, Jr. Pearce, Steve Pelosi, Nancy Perlmutter, Ed Perry, Scott Peters, Gary Peters, Scott Peterson, Colin Petri, Tom Pingree, Chellie Pittenger, Robert Pitts, Joe Pocan, Mark Poe, Ted Polis, Jared Pompeo, Mike Posey, Bill Price, David Price, Tom Quigley, Mike

FL PA NY CA MA CA TX SD MN FL CA MS TX TX NY MS NJ NJ AZ MN NJ NM CA CO PA MI CA MN WI ME NC PA WI TX CO KS FL NC GA IL

18 18 10 32 1 35 19 1 8 11 22 1 16 22 21 4 6 9 7 3 10 2 12 7 4 14 52 7 6 1 9 16 2 2 2 4 8 4 6 5

D R D D D D R R D R R R D R D R D D D R D R D D R D D D R D R R D R D R R D R D

35 90 0 0 0 6 95 78 5 95 95 90 15 95 40 95 0 0 0 100 11 90 0 15 95 15 40 50 85 0 100 100 0 90 26 100 100 0 100 5

47 32 63 63 69 76 63 42 79 65 35 42 75 37 21 37 64 58 47 63 63 45 40 47 42 53 47 75 79 75 40 58 75 84 85 30 75 37 68 68

41 61 32 32 34 41 79 60 42 80 65 66 45 66 31 66 32 29 24 82 37 68 20 31 69 34 44 63 82 38 70 79 38 87 56 65 88 18 84 37

16

Radel, Trey Rahall, Nick Rangel, Charlie Reed, Tom Reichert, Dave Renacci, Jim Ribble, Reid Rice, Tom Richmond, Cedric Rigell, Scott Roby, Martha Roe, Phil Rogers, Hal Rogers, Mike Rogers, Mike D. Rohrabacher, Dana Rokita, Todd Rooney, Tom Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana Roskam, Peter Ross, Dennis Rothfus, Keith Royball-Allard, Lucille Royce, Ed Ruiz, Raul Runyan, Jon Ruppersberger, Dutch Rush, Bobby Ryan, Paul Ryan, Tim Salmon, Matt Sanchez, Linda Sanchez, Loretta Sanford, Mark Sarbanes, John Scalise, Steve Schakowsky, Jan Schiff, Adam Schneider, Brad Schock, Aaron

FL WV NY NY WA OH WI SC LA VA AL TN KY MI AL CA IN FL FL IL FL PA CA CA CA NJ MD IL WI OH AZ CA CA SC MD LA IL CA IL IL

19 3 13 23 8 16 8 7 2 2 2 1 5 8 3 48 4 17 27 6 15 12 40 39 36 3 2 1 1 13 5 38 46 1 3 1 9 28 10 18

R D D R R R R R D R R R R R R R R R R R R R D R D R D D R D R D D R D R D D D R

100 30 0 85 85 95 90 100 21 100 85 95 78 90 85 100 100 90 72 90 95 90 0 100 40 70 20 6 95 15 100 0 16 100 0 100 0 5 20 74

75 55 75 50 26 45 74 47 42 53 26 55 26 35 28 90 64 55 47 21 50 37 58 47 21 25 21 65 50 37 70 63 74 100 47 65 63 53 42 33

88 43 38 68 56 70 82 74 32 76 56 75 52 63 56 95 82 73 60 56 73 63 29 74 31 48 21 35 73 26 85 32 45 100 24 83 32 29 31 54

17

Schrader, Kurt Schwartz, Allyson Schweikert, David Scott, Austin Scott, David Scott, Robert Sensenbrenner, Jim Serrano, Jose Sessions, Pete Sewell, Terri Shea-Porter, Carol Sherman, Brad Shimkus, John Shuster, Bill Simpson, Mike Sinema, Kyrsten Siries, Albio Slaughter, Louise Smith, Adam Smith, Adrian Smith, Chris Smith, Jason Smith, Lamar Southerland, Steve Speier, Jackie Stewart, Chris Stivers, Steve Stockman, Steve Stutzman, Marlin Swalwell, Eric Takano, Mark Terry, Lee Thompson, Bennie Thompson, Glenn Thompson, Mike Thornberry, Mac Tiberi, Pat Tierney, John Tipton, Scott Titus, Dina

OR PA AZ GA GA VA WI NY TX Al NH CA IL PA ID AZ NJ NY WA NE NJ MO TX FL CA UT OH TX IN CA CA NE MS PA CA TX OH MA CO NV

5 13 6 8 13 3 5 15 32 7 1 30 15 9 2 9 8 25 9 3 4 8 21 2 14 2 15 36 3 15 41 2 2 5 5 13 12 6 3 1

D D R R D D R D R D D D R R R D D D D R R R R R D R R R R D D R D R D R R D R D

20 11 100 90 0 10 100 0 90 26 10 5 78 89 85 28 0 12 11 89 78 91 95 95 17 100 85 100 100 15 5 95 10 85 0 90 95 0 90 10

80 42 74 37 39 68 80 75 47 26 56 45 50 45 44 47 61 56 32 26 55 50 32 60 74 37 50 74 78 53 42 50 60 40 71 35 42 63 60 42

50 26 87 63 19 39 90 38 69 26 33 25 64 67 65 38 31 34 21 58 66 70 63 78 45 68 68 87 89 34 24 73 35 63 35 63 69 32 75 26

18

Tonko, Paul NY 20 D Tsongas, Niki MA 3 D Turner, Mike OH 10 R Upton, Fred MI 6 R Valadao, David CA 21 R Van Hollen, Chris MD 8 D Vargas, Juan CA 51 D Veasey, Marc TX 33 D Vela, Filamon TX 34 D Velazquez, Nydia NY 7 D Visclosky, Peter IN 1 D Wagner, Ann MO 2 R Walberg, Tim MI 7 R Walden, Greg OR 2 R Walorski, Jackie IN 2 R Walz, Tim MN 1 D Wasserman Schultz, Debbie FL 23 D Waters, Maxine CA 43 D Watt, Mel NC 12 D Waxman, Henry CA 33 D Weber, Randy TX 14 R Webster, Daniel FL 10 R Welch, Peter VT 1 D Wenstrup, Brad OH 2 R Westmoreland, Lynn GA 3 R Whitfield, Ed KY 1 R Williams, Roger TX 25 R Wilson, Frederica FL 24 D Wilson, Joe SC 2 R Wittman, Rob VA 1 R Wolf, Frank VA 10 R Womack, Steve AR 3 R Woodall, Rob GA 7 R Yarmuth, John KY 3 D Yoder, Kevin KS 3 R Yoho, Ted FL 3 R Young, Bill FL 13 R Young, Don AK 1 R Young, Todd IN 9 R Boehner, Campbell and McCarthy not rated for lack of votes.

5 5 70 90 85 5 5 5 42 5 20 95 95 85 95 16 20 5 11 0 95 95 0 95 89 80 95 0 90 95 85 90 100 5 90 85 92 74 95

70 53 32 63 37 37 35 32 42 70 26 40 50 65 40 60 30 67 56 63 42 55 68 32 70 44 50 58 40 40 47 40 70 75 55 65 19 65 45

38 29 51 77 61 21 20 18 42 38 23 67 73 75 68 38 25 36 33 32 69 75 34 63 80 62 73 29 65 68 66 65 85 40 73 75 55 69 70

19

Table 4. 2013 Liberty Index House Roll Call Votes

Roll Call Vote No. 23 Congr. No. HR_152 Amen d. No. LI component Econ LI posi -tion N

Date 1/15/13

Name Disaster Supplemental TANF Work Requirement

68

3/13/13

HR_890

75

3/15/13

HR_803 HCONR ES_25 HCONR ES_25 HCONR ES_25 HR_45 HR_3 HR_221 6 HR_194 7 HR_194 7 HR_194 7 HR_194 7 HR_260 9

Job Training Program Consolidation Fiscal 2014 Budget Resolution-Black Caucus Substitute Fiscal 2014 Budget Resolution Fiscal 2014 Budget ResolutionDemocratic Substitute Health Care Overhaul Repeal Keystone Pipeline Fiscal 2014 Military Construction Appropriations-Davis Bacon Farm ProgramsSNAP Eligibility Farm Programs-Milk Price Support Farm ProgramsChristmas Trees Farm ProgramsStones Fiscal 2014 Energy AppropriationsRenewable Energy

Description provide $50.5 billion in relief to communities hit by Superstorm Sandy reauthorize TANF through 2013 and bar the Secretary of HHS from implementing work requirement waivers reauthorize Workforce Investment Act and consolidate 35 programs into a single funding stream for state and local governments

Econ

Econ

84 88

3/20/13 3/21/13

increase spending and taxes a lot decrease spending

Econ Econ

N Y

87 154 179

3/20/13 5/16/13 5/22/13

increase spending and taxes repeal 2010 Health Care Overall to authorize the pipeline bar use of funds to enforce Davis-Bacon prevailing wage requirements strike the bill's restrictions on eligibility repeal the milk price support program strike the provision to require the Secretary of Agriculture to lift the stay on promoting freshcut Christmas trees strike the bill's addition of products of stones as agricultural commodities increase funding by $245 million for renewable-energy and efficiency programs

Econ Econ Econ

N Y Y

191 256 258

6/4/13 6/19/13 6/19/13

Econ Econ Econ

Y N Y

274 280

6/20/13 6/20/13

Econ Econ

N Y

313

7/9/13

Econ

20

327

7/9/13

HR_260 9 HR_261 0

422

7/30/13

Fiscal 2014 Energy AppropriationsScience Fiscal 2014 Transportation AppropriationEssential Air Service Congressional Approval of Federal Regulations Hydraulic-Fracturing Regulation-Export Ban Hydraulic-Fracturing Regulation Grandfathered-in Health Insurance Plans Fiscal 2014 Homeland Security Appropriations-ICE Detention Facilities Fiscal 2014 Homeland Security AppropriationsAmmunition Purchase Fiscal 2014 Homeland Security AppropriationsBehavior Detection Fiscal 2014 Homeland Security AppropriationsDiscretionary Enforcement Fiscal 2014 Homeland Security Appropriations-NonAirport Activities

increase funding by $500 million for Energy Dept science programs eliminate the $100 million provided for the Essential Air Service program require Congressional approval of major regulations of executive departments and agencies ban the export of gas produced as a result of this bill prohibit the Interior Dept from enforcing federal hydraulicfracturing rules in states that have such oversight rules allow health insurance companies to continue to offer in 2014 plans that were in effect as of Jan. 1, 2013 strike requirement to maintain at least 34,000 detention beds through Sept. 30, 2014 bar use of funds to purchase ammunition until the Secretary reports on the department's purchase and use of same bar use of funds for TSA behavior detection program

Econ

Econ

445 602

8/2/13 11/20/13

HR_367 HR_272 8 HR_272 8 HR_335 0 HR_221 7

Econ Econ

Y N

604

11/20/13

Econ

587

11/15/13

Econ

198

6/5/13

Pers

204

6/5/13

HR_221 7 HR_221 7

Pers

205

6/5/13

Pers

208

6/6/13

HR_221 7 HR_221 7

bar use of funds for discretionary enforcement of immigration laws bar use of funds for activities outside airports by TSA agents require completion of the transition of combat operations to Afghan forces by the end of 2013 and withdrawal of US forces by the end of 2014 allow the government to detain US citizens pursuant to the 2001 use of force authorization if it can show that the citizen is an unprivileged enemy combatant

Pers

209

6/6/13

Pers

226

6/13/13

HR_196 0

Fiscal 2014 Defense AuthorizationAfghanistan

Pers

227

6/13/13

HR_196 0

Fiscal 2014 Defense AuthorizationHabeas Corpus

Pers

21

269

6/20/13

HR_194 7

Farm ProgramsIndustrial Hemp

374

7/19/13

HR_5 HR_239 7 HR_239 7 HR_239 7 HR_239 7

388

7/23/13

389

7/23/13

390

7/23/13

391

7/23/13

Education Law Overhaul Fiscal 2014 Defense AppropriationsAfghan Infrastructure Fiscal 2014 Defense AppropriationsAfghan Infrastructure Fiscal 2014 Defense AppropriationsAfghan Security Forces Fiscal 2014 Defense AppropriationsAfghan Security Forces

allow institutions of higher education in states the permit industrial hemp to be cultivated, to conduct research into industrial hemp identify states as proper authority to establish academic standards, require evaluation of teachers and administers, have funds "follow the child" to other public schools or to charter schools reduce funding by $279 million for Afghanistan Infrastructure Fund reduce funding by $139 million for Afghanistan Infrastructure Fund reduce funding for Afghan Security Forces by $553.8 million reduce funding for Afghan Security Forces by $2.6 billion bar use of funds for the 2012 USAfghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement unless Congress authorizes the same reduce funding for overseas contingency operations by $3.5 billion bar use of funds for use of force under the 2001 use of force resolution, after 2014 bar use of funds to execute FISA court orders unless it pertains to "tangible things" require courts to impose sanctions on those filing frivolous lawsuits such as paying attorney's fees and court costs of the other party

Pers

Pers

Pers

Pers

Pers

Pers

401

7/24/13

HR_239 7

403

7/24/13

HR_239 7 HR_239 7 HR_239 7

Fiscal 2014 Defense Appropriations-USAfghan Partnership Fiscal 2014 Defense AppropriationsOverseas Contingency Operations Fiscal 2014 Defense Appropriations-Use of Force Fiscal 2014 Defense Appropriations-NSA Phone Record Collection

Pers

Pers

410

7/24/13

Pers

412

7/24/13

Pers

581

11/14/13

HR_265 5

Frivolous-Lawsuits Sanctions

Pers

22

9/3/13

Authorization of Use of Force in Syria Authorization of Use of Force in Syria

as compiled by the Washington Post, unannounced or for counted as "Y," against or leans against as "N" for counted as "Y," against counted as "N," unannounced or leans against as "abstain"

Pers

9/3/12

Pers

23

Table 5. 2013 Liberty Index Senate Roll Call Votes

Roll Call Vote No. 4 Congr. No. HR_152 Amend. No. LI component Econ LI posi -tion N

Date 1/28/13

Name Disaster Supplemental Democratic Sequestration ReplacementCloture Fiscal 2013 Continuing AppropriationsHealth Care Fiscal 2013 Continuing AppropriationsEducation, etc. Fiscal 2013 Continuing AppropriationsBiofuels Fiscal 2013 Budget Resolution-House Budget Fiscal 2013 Budget Resolution-Medical Devices Fiscal 2013 Budget Resolution-Tax Overhaul Fiscal 2013 Budget Resolution-Carbon Tax Fiscal 2013 Budget Resolution-Estate Tax Fiscal 2013 Budget Resolution-Rand Paul Substitute Fiscal 2013 Budget ResolutionGreenhouse Gases Fiscal 2013 Budget Resolution-Mobile Phone Subsidies

Description provide $50.5 billion in relief to communities hit by Superstorm Sandy replace sequestration cuts mostly with increased taxes on people with high incomes bar use of funds to implement the 2010 health care law add $593 million in funding to education, medical research and other programs reduce funding for biofuel production by $60 million decrease spending create a deficit-neutral reserve fund to allow repeal of the 2.3 percent excise tax on medical devices create a deficit-neutral reserve fund to allow for revenueneutral tax overhaul create a deficit-neutral reserve fund to allow a carbon tax create a deficit-neutral reserve fund to allow repeal of the estate tax

27

2/28/13

S_388 Amdt_3 0 Amdt_5 3 Amdt_1 15 Amdt_4 33 Amdt_2 97 Amdt_1 56 Amdt_6 46 Amdt_3 07 Amdt_2 63 Amdt_3 59 Amdt_3 38

Econ

34

3/13/13

HR_933

Econ

36

3/14/13

HR_933

Econ

41 46

3/20/13 3/21/13

HR_933 SCONR ES_8 SCONR ES_8 SCONR ES_8 SCONR ES_8 SCONR ES_8 SCONR ES_8 SCONR ES_8 SCONR ES_8

Econ Econ

Y Y

47 49 58 67

3/21/13 3/21/13 3/22/13 3/22/13

Econ Econ Econ Econ

Y Y N Y

69

3/22/13

76

3/22/13

decrease spending a lot adjust the budget resolution to presume a ban on EPA regulation of greenhouse gas emissions create a deficit-neutral reserve fund to end the subsidy of mobile phones

Econ

Econ

84

3/23/13

Econ

24

90 113

3/22/13 5/6/13

SCONR ES_8 S_743

Amdt_1 54

Fiscal 2013 Budget ResolutionEconomic Impact Internet Sales Tax Water Resources Development Act ReauthorizationNational Endowment for the Oceans Water Resources Development Act ReauthorizationAmerican Content Farm ProgramsSNAP Eligibility Farm Programsblock grants for nutrition assistance Fiscal 2014 Continuing AppropriationsCloture Short-term Debt Limit IncreaseEgypt Fiscal 2013 Budget Resolution-School Choice Fiscal 2013 Budget Resolution-Voter Identification Fiscal 2013 Budget Resolution-Gun Policy-Motion to Waive Gun Policy RevisionsBackground Checks

require the CBO to provide an estimate of the economic impact of legislation require large out-of-state retailers to collect sales taxes on internet sales

Econ Econ

Y N

116

5/8/13

S_601

Amdt_7 99

123

5/15/13

S_601

Amdt_8 66 Amdt_9 48 Amdt_9 60

create the National Endowment for the Oceans require American iron, steel and manufactured goods for projects eligible for loans, etc., under a financing pilot program in the bill limit the type of assistance a household can receive to be eligible for the SNAP program replace SNAP program with block grants for nutrition assistance to the states invoke cloture (limit debate) on funding for government operations through Dec. 15, authorize an increase in the debt limit, and defund the 2010 health care overhaul table (kill) an amendment to prohibit the transfer of F-16 Fighters, M-1 Tanks and other such military equipment to Egypt create a deficit-neutral reserve fund to allow funding of school choice for low-income families create a deficit-neutral reserve fund to require a governmentissued photo identification card for voting waive the Budget Act with respect to an amendment to create a point of order against certain legislation related to gun policy expand existing background check system to include gun shows and the internet

Econ

Econ

130

5/21/13

S_965

Econ

132

5/22/13

S_965

Econ

206

9/27/13

HJRES_ 59

Econ

1/31/13

HR_325 SCONR ES_8 SCONR ES_8

Amdt_9 Amdt_5 15 Amdt_5 26

Pers

63

3/22/13

Pers

83

3/23/13

Pers

87 97

3/23/13 4/17/13

SCONR ES_8 S_649

Amdt_6 73 Amdt_7 15

Pers Pers

Y N

25

100

4/17/13

S_649

Amdt_7 19

Gun Policy RevisionsConcealed Carry Reciprocity

101

4/17/13

S_649

Amdt_7 11 Amdt_7 14 Amdt_7 17

Gun Policy Revisions-Assault Weapons Ban Gun Policy Revisions-Large Magazines Gun Policy Revisions-Gun Owner Privacy Water Resources Development Act ReauthorizationFirearms on federally-managed land

103

4/17/13

S_649

104

4/18/13

S_649

allow concealed-carry permits in one state to be valid in all others that issue such permits prohibit future production, import, sale or possession of certain weapons considered to be assault weapons and magazines that can hold more than ten rounds prohibit the future production, import, sale or possession of magazines having more than ten rounds withhold 5 percent of law enforcement grants to states and localities that release gunownership data bar the Secretary of the Army from prohibiting the possession of firearms on waters managed by the Army Corps of Engineers prior involvement in a case leading up to Arizona vs US, in which the US argued that the President's decision to selectively enforce federal immigration law pre-empts states from enforcing federal immigration law eliminate subsidies for tobacco crop insurance premiums set up a pilot program to expand high speed broadband to rural areas table (kill) an amendment to establish July 3, 2013 as the day a coup d'etat occurred in Egypt and prohibit foreign aid to the same prior involvement as counsel to FBI in surveillance requests found to be lacking expand religious exemption to include employers that are owned by churches, officially affiliated, or have curriculum directed toward a particular faith

Pers

Pers

Pers

Pers

115

5/8/13

S_601

Amdt_8 05

Pers

125 137 144

5/15/13 5/23/13 6/10/13 S_954 S_954 Amdt_9 23 Amdt_9 98

William Orrick Nomination to U.S. District Court for Northern California Farm ProgramsTobacco Subsidies Farm Programsrural internet Fiscal 2014 Transportation AppropriationsEgypt Valerie Caproni Nomination for U.S. District Court for Southern New York Employment NondiscriminationReligious Organization Exemption

Pers Pers Pers

N Y N

195

7/31/13

S_1243

Amdt_1 739

Pers

201

9/9/13

Pers

230

11/7/13

S_815

Amdt_2 013

Pers

26

232

11/7/13

S_815

243

11/21/13

Employment Nondiscrimination Judicial and Executive Branch Nominations-Ruling of the Chair

add sexual orientation and gender identity to protected classes with respect to employment cloture can be invoked with a majority of those voting, i.e., the nuclear option as compiled by the Washington Post, unannounced or for counted as "Y," against or leans against as "N" for counted as "Y," against counted as "N," unannounced or leans against as "abstain"

Pers

Pers

9/3/13

Authorization of Use of Force in Syria Authorization of Use of Force in Syria

Pers

9/3/12

Pers

27

Figure 1.

28