Specifications shall always be tailored to site specific conditions and design intent.

Verification testing of work should be focused on quality aspects most important to satisfying the design. Hayward Baker Inc. makes no representation or warranty as to the applicability of this specification to a particular design or use and shall not be liable for the use of this specification, whether in whole or in part. Hayward Baker can be contacted (www.HaywardBaker.com for suggestions in making this specification pro!ect specific. SAMPLE SPECIFICATIONS FOR SOIL IMPROVEMENT BY VIBRO COMPACTION PART 1
1.01

GENERAL

INTRODUCTION This specification describes the Vibro Compaction scope, submittals, qualifications, equipment, materials, procedures, quality control and the acceptance criteria. Section 1.02 of this specification explains the program s intent, and section 1.0! " pro#ides a description of the Vibro Compaction technique.

1.02

INTENT The intent of the Vibro Compaction program specified herein and detailed on dra$ing nos. %%%%%% is to densify the granular soils at the specified locations and depths to & increase the bearing capacity, reduce settlement and"or mitigate liquefaction potential '.

1.03

STANDARDS AND REFERENCES "ll testing to determine specification compliance $ill be pro#ided by an independent testing agency retained by the ($ner. )egardless of the method selected, the same test method shall be utili*ed both before and after the soil impro#ement $or+ in order to pro#ide the most accurate assessment of the degree of impro#ement obtained. ". "pplicable Standards, The most recent #ersion of the follo$ing testing methods or standards shall be employed, 1. 2. "ST- .1/01 2Standard Test -ethod for Standard 3enetration Test &S3T' and Split4 5arrel Sampling of Soils6 "ST- ./770 2Standard Test -ethod for 8lectronic 9riction Cone and 3ie*ocone 3enetration Testing of Soils6 &C3T'

5. )eference .ocuments, )eference documents to be used by the Vibro Compaction contractor shall include, 1. 2. This specification. 3ro:ect dra$ings, a. 9oundation plan, dra$ing no. %%%%%%%%. b. 8xisting topographic plan, dra$ing no. %%%%%%%. c. 9inal grading plan, dra$ing no.%%%%%%. d. 8xisting underground utilities plan in the $or+ area.

e. ;or+ procedures plan prepared by the Vibro Compaction contractor, as described in section 1.01 5. ! belo$. <. !. 1.04 3ro:ect geotechnical report prepared by %%%%%%, entitled %%%%%%, dated %%%%%. (ther specific sections of the pro:ect s specification, a. 8arth$or+, Section %%%%%

DEFINITIONS ". Vibro Compaction, Vibro Compaction &VC' is a ground impro#ement technique that uses a specially4 de#eloped depth #ibrator to direct hori*ontal compacti#e energy at the required impro#ement depth. =mpro#ement is achie#ed by rearranging the soil matrix to a tighter pac+ing, resulting in an increase in the in situ density and shear strength of the soil mass. The increase in soil density $ill result in the lo$ering of the o#erall site ele#ation, unless bac+fill soil is added during the VC process. The quantity of bac+fill soil required or degree to $hich ele#ation $ill decrease is a function of depth of treatment, initial state of the soil, and the specified degree of impro#ement &density'. -aximum densification is achie#ed in granular soils little or no silt or clay fines & typically less than 1/> silt, and less than 2> clay'. Typical applications for planned structures include increase in bearing capacity, reduction of foundation settlements, reduction of dynamic settlement and liquefaction potential due to seismic acti#ity and impro#ement of granular fills. 5. ?uality Control )epresentati#e &?C)', The indi#idual, hired by the o$ner, gi#en specific inspection and testing tas+s identified in this specification. C. ;or+ to be performed by the general contractor, Vibro Compaction contractors are specialists and typically do not retain the resources to perform support acti#ities &i.e. general site grading, etc.'. @isted $ithin this specification are se#eral $or+ items to be performed by the general contractor in support of the Vibro Compaction contractor.

1.0

SCOPE OF !OR" ". Aeneral .escription , The $or+ shall consist of performance, monitoring and testing of Vibro Compaction as identified in this specification $ithin the limits indicated on %%%&drawing name'%%%, dra$ing no. %%%%%%%%%%%% to meet the acceptance criteria presented in Section <.0/ of these specifications. 5. (#er#ie$ of Tas+s, =n connection $ith the Vibro Compaction program, as sho$n on the dra$ings, the Vibro Compaction contractor shall pro#ide all labor, materials and equipment to accomplish the follo$ing items of $or+, 1. 2. <. !. C. 3ro#ide equipment necessary to perform Vibro Compaction $or+. 3erform Vibro Compaction program. 9urnish and install materials &bac+fill soils' (unless on site soils are used . 9ollo$ Vibro Compaction sequence of operations.

3erformance )esponsibility, =t shall be the Vibro Compaction contractor s responsibility to determine and implement the systems to achie#e the specified criteria.

1.0#

SUBMITTALS This section details all submittals required $ith the bid, prior to field $or+, at completion of the test section, during production $or+, and after the $or+ is completed. A. 5id Time Submittals, The follo$ing shall be submitted to the ($ner s representati#e by the Vibro

Compaction contractor $ith the bid documents, 1. " list of at least fi#e pre#iously completed pro:ects of similar scope and purpose for appro#al by the ($ner s representati#e. The list shall include a description of the pro:ect, relati#e si*e, and contact person $ith phone number.

B. 3re 9ield ;or+ Submittals, The follo$ing shall be submitted to the ($ner s representati#e by the Vibro Compaction contractor t$o $ee+s prior to the start of the $or+, 1. 2. <. )esumes of the management, super#isory, and +ey personnel, for appro#al by the ($ner s representati#e. ;or+ procedures and control criteria. " ;or+ 3lan for the test section (if a test section is specified and production $or+ outlining the spacing, location and depth to achie#e the specified criteria detailed in Section <.0/ of this specification. " shop dra$ing for re#ie$, indicating the spacing, location, and depth of the probes to achie#e the criteria outlined in this specification. Schedule of #alues ?C data log forms

!. /. 1.

C. 3ost Test Section and 3re 3roduction ;or+, 1. 2. Submit the results of the test section &if one is specified '. Submit a re#ised $or+ plan should the test section results require a modification to the original $or+ plan.

D. .uring 3roduction Submittals, The follo$ing shall be submitted to the ($ner s representati#e by the Vibro Compaction contractor during the $or+, 1. 2. "ccurate daily records that include probe number, startBfinish time of probe, depth of treatment, approximate bac+fill quantities, and indication of relati#e ammeter increases. "ny change in the predetermined Vibro Compaction program necessitated by a change in the subsurface conditions.

E. Closeout Submittal, The follo$ing shall be submitted to the o$ner s representati#e by the Vibro Compaction contractor $ithin 1! days of the completion of the Vibro Compaction $or+. 1. 1.0$ "s built dra$ings, .ra$ings documenting any significant changes to the shop dra$ing.

%UALIFICATIONS A. Specialist Contractor, The Vibro Compaction program, shall be performed by a specialist Vibro Compaction contractor $ith at least fi#e years of documented experience in Vibro Compaction. "s detailed in Section 1.01 of these specifications, the Vibro Compaction contractor shall ha#e the specified minimum Vibro Compaction pro:ect experience. B. 3ersonnel, The Vibro Compaction contractor shall pro#ide experienced management, super#isory and +ey personnel as required to implement the Vibro Compaction program, as follo$s, 1. The pro:ect manager shall ha#e at least three years of experience in Vibro Compaction, $ith

<

at least the last t$o years in the full4time employ of the Vibro Compaction contractor. 2. The superintendent shall ha#e at least t$o years of experience in Vibro Compaction.

PART 2
2.01

E%UIPMENT AND MATERIALS

E%UIPMENT A. Aeneral, The Vibro Compaction contractor shall supply equipment in good operating condition capable of performing the $or+ specified herein. B. Specific 8quipment Capabilities, The Vibro Compaction contractor shall supply all equipment $ith the follo$ing minimum capabilities and characteristics, Vibrator, The Vibro Compaction contractor shall use a do$n4the4hole hori*ontal #ibrator capable of pro#iding at least %%%C3 and %%% tons of centrifugal force. The #ibrator follo$er tubes shall ha#e durable mar+ings on fi#e foot inter#als allo$ing a #isual determination of the depth of penetration $hen in use. " number corresponding to the distance from the tip of the #ibrator shall be readily #isible at e#ery mar+ &i.e. 1/ ft, 20 ft, 2/ ftD'. C. 8quipment =nstrumentation, The Vibro Compaction contractor shall pro#ide an appropriate metering de#ice at such a location that inspection of amperage increase may be #erified during the operation of the equipment. The metering de#ice may be an ammeter directly indicating the amperage dra$ of the #ibrator s motor.

2.02

MATERIALS The materials incorporated in this $or+ shall meet the follo$ing minimum standards, A. 5ac+fill, =f the ele#ation of the site is to be maintained during the Vibro Compaction $or+, the VC contractor shall pro#ide suitable bac+fill. 5ac+fill for Vibro Compaction shall consist of material graded as sand or sand and gra#el $ith less than 10> by $eight passing the E200 sie#e, and containing no clay. 4 () F 5ac+fill, "fter site stripping and grubbing as per section <.02." and as per 8arth$or+ Specification, Section %%%%%, the site surface soils are suitable for use as bac+fill during the VC process. B. ;ater, The o$ner $ill pro#ide a sufficient source of clean $ater to the Vibro Compaction contractor as necessary to complete the $or+. The $ater source shall be located $ithin 100 feet of the $or+, and capable of pro#iding a minimum of 12/ gpm at a minimum pressure of 7/ psi.

PART 3
3.01

E&ECUTION

SITE VISIT A. 3re 5id Site Visit, 3rior to submitting a bid price for the Vibro Compaction, the Vibro Compaction contractor shall #isit the site to identify readily #isible conditions in order to account for them in the bid. B. 8xisting Structures, 3rior to initiating $or+, a rele#ant building condition sur#ey shall be performed by the o$ner s engineer to determine that the conditions are safe to perform the specified $or+.

3.02

SITE PREPARATION

The follo$ing shall be performed by the general contractor in support of the Vibro Compaction contractor, A. )emo#al of all surface or subsurface topsoil, brush, organic material and other unacceptable material in accordance $ith the requirements of the contract documents. )emo#al of any surface or subsurface obstructions to the Vibro Compaction $or+. B. 3ro#ision of a firm base upon $hich hea#y equipment can be operated $ithout platform maintenance aside from $ater di#ersion and containment $here required. C. Sur#ey layout of &building corners or grid lines or footing locations and utilities etc. , for reference by the Vibro Compaction contractor for layout and performance of the Vibro Compaction $or+. D. 3ro#ision of access and maintenance thereof for the Vibro Compaction contractor s equipment and $or+force, and for deli#ery of materials to the $or+site. 3.03 VIBRO COMPACTION A. 3rocedures, 1. The $et top feed method of VC shall be performed after site stripping and grubbing as per section <.02.". a. The #ibrator is located at the probe location and then lo$ered to the design depth $ith $ater :ets operating. b. " front end loader then introduces granular bac+fill at the ground surface around the #ibrator so that the bac+fill is allo$ed to fall do$n the annulus around the probe. c. The Vibrator is then raised se#eral feet to allo$ the bac+fill to fall belo$ the #ibrators tip. d. The #ibrator is then lo$ered to $ithin at least 2 feet of the initial penetration as amperage increase is monitored. e. The process is then repeated $ith the #ibrator raised and lo$ered such that on each repenetration, the tip of the Vibrator ad#ances to $ithin 2 feet of the pre#ious penetration depth, or refusal, $hiche#er occurs first. The Vibrator $ill not be raised more than ! feet at any time unless the bac+filll stops flo$ing to the bottom of the #ibrator. Gote, =t follo$ing site stripping and grubbing as per section <.02.", the site surface soils are suitable for use as bac+fill during the VC process and a lo$ering of the site ele#ation is allo$ed, bac+filling may be performed using the site soils. 2. The ?C) shall monitor the follo$up foundation contractor to ensure that the footing base is free of all $ater and compacted prior to placement of any reinforcement. Compaction can be by any hea#y tamping type compaction equipment designed for compaction in small spaces. )einforcement and concrete placement shall be placed in a timely manner so that no degradation of the bearing surface occurs. B. 3erformance criteria, 3erformance criteria shall be as follo$s, 1. 2. 3robes shall be performed $ithin 12 inches of the planned location. .epth of treatment, a. =solated footings, T$ice the footing $idth belo$ the foundation bearing le#el b. Strip footings, 9our times the footing $idth belo$ the foundation bearing le#el c. 9loor slab, " depth of %%% feet.

d. Shear ;alls, " depth of %%%% feet. e. 8le#ator and stair$ell pads, " depth of %%%% feet. 4 () 4 b. The #ibrator tip shall penetrate to an ele#ation of %%%ft. 2. @ocationsBSpacing (if to be specified # The probes shall be located as designated on dra$ing no. %%%%%%. 4()4 The center to center probe spacing shall be %%%% feet on a rectangular (or triangular pattern. <. !. )efusal Criteria, Vibrator penetration may refuse at a shallo$er depth if the penetration rate is less than 1 minute per foot, or the #ibrator amperage exceeds %%%% amps. @imits of $or+, VC shall be performed beneath all isolated and $all footings 4 () F The limits of the VC $or+ are sho$n on dra$ing number %%%%%. /. C. 3erformance )equirements, The VC program shall achie#e the criteria stated in section <.0!..

Sequencing, &$ist any required sequencing (i.e. primary"secondary, order of area to be treated, etc.

D. Completion, 3rior to completion of the Vibro Compaction program the follo$ing shall be completed, 1. )ough site grading

3.04

%UALITY CONTROL The details of the quality control program are as follo$s, A. (#ersight, "ll Vibro Compaction shall be performed under the o#ersight of the ?C). B. -onitoring and @ogging, -onitoring and logging of all Vibro Compaction operations for all test areas &if one is specified and production $or+ shall be done by the ?C). C. Test Section &if one is specified # The ?C) shall monitor the performance of the test section and perform the testing indicated belo$, 1. " test section shall be performed before production $or+, as follo$s, a. The test section location shall be agreed upon by the ?C) and Vibro Compaction contractor $ithin the treatment area. The test section shall ha#e a minimum surface area of /00 square feet. b. The method of installation, materials, equipment, and procedures shall be the same as those to be used for production $or+. c. =f the pre4production test section indicates that the required performance criteria ha#e

not been achie#ed, the Vibro Compaction contractor shall re#ise the ;or+ 3lan to reflect the results of the test section. =f the test section results to not pro#ide sufficient information to determine the required ad:ustments, another test section $ill be performed at no additional cost to the o$ner =f the scope of the test section is specified, the VC contractor shall be reimbursed for additional test sections. 2. The ?C) shall perform the follo$ing tests of the test section, 9our &!' S3T (or %&' tests, each performed at the midpoint of four &!' VC probe locations.

D. 3roduction ;or+, The ?C) shall perform tests and ta+e measurements as follo$s, 1. The follo$ing measurements shall be recorded for each VC probe location, a. probe number b. start and finish time of probe c. depth of treatment d. approximate bac+fill quantity e. maximum ammeter reading f. comments or unusual obser#ations 2. The follo$ing tests shall be performed. a. The minimum frequency of the in situ testing shall be one test per 2,/00 square feet of site surface area treated, and should extend to the bottom of the Vibro Compaction treatment depth. The follo$ing criteria shall be achie#ed, 3ost4treatment relati#e density #alues of 70> as determined $ith post treatment penetration test results and correlations presented in G"V9"C .-47.1 or equal. 4 () F 3ost4treatment bearing capacity of%%%%%%%%, $ith limitation of total settlement to %%%%%%%%and differential settlement to%%%%%%%%%. 4 () F 3ost4treatment a#erage, corrected S3T G #alue of %%%%%%%% 539 4 () F 3ost4treatment a#erage C3T tip resistance #alue of %%%%%%% TS9 E. @ayout of ;or+, @ayout of treatment points to $ithin < inches of planned location shall be by the Vibro Compaction contractor and #erified by the ?C) $ith sufficient control points pro#ided by the general contractor as stated in Section <.02.C. F. .aily )ecords, -onitoring and logging of Vibro Compaction operations for the test areas (if one is specified and production $or+ shall be performed separately by both the ?C) and the Vibro Compaction contractor, as detailed in Section <.0! . 1. "t the end of each shift, the Vibro Compaction contractor and ?C) shall compare records and resol#e any discrepancies. 8ach shall sign the other s records indicating agreement $ith completeness and accuracy.

G. -onitoring of 8xisting Structures, a. The ?C) shall monitor structures $hen VC is being performed $ith 20 feet. ;hene#er VC is being performed $ithin 20 feet of an existing structure, the ?C) shall use a seismograph to measure the 3ea+ 3article Velocity &33V' of the ground surface immediately ad:acent to the structure at the location closest to the VC $or+. The maximum allo$able 33V in one &1' inch per second. =f a 33V of one &1' inch per second or grater is measured, VC at that location shall be immediately haulted and resumed at a safe distance $hile the ?C) e#aluates the data and pro#ides the VC contractor $ith direction. FandBor4 b. The ?C) shall monitor the ele#ation of the ground surface at distances of / feet, 10 feet and 1/ feet from the existing structure in the direction of the VC $or+ $hen VC $or+ is $ithin <0 feet of the existing structure. Go VC $or+ shall be performed at a distance closer than that $hich results in settlement of the ground surface at / feet a$ay from the structure. =f probes remain to be performed $ithin this distance, the ?C) shall pro#ide the VC contractor $ith direction. '. The ?C) shall ensure that procedures and documentation conform to these specifications.

3.0

ACCEPTANCE MEASUREMENTS( TESTING AND CRITERIA The acceptance of the Vibro Compaction $or+ shall be solely based on the follo$ing, A. The post treatment test results specified in Section <.0! ..2 abo#e shall be achie#ed. 4 () F (if the criteria is achie(ing a specified bearing capacity or settlement performance, use the following The VC contractor shall pro#ide signed and sealed calculations demonstrating that the impro#ement achie#ed meets or exceeds that stated in Section <.0!...2.

3.0#

RESTRICTIONS A. 3ermits and )egulations, The ($ner or Aeneral Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining any State and municipal permits &if required'. B. Htilities and (bstructions, The general contractor shall be responsible for the precise delineation of all abo#e and belo$ ground utilities and obstructions and shall accurately mar+ their layout at the site, as referenced in Section <.02 C. C. (ther )estrictions, The follo$ing shall also be listed $ithin this section $hen applicable, 1. 2. <. 8n#ironmental restrictions ;or+ boundaries Cours and days a#ailable for construction

PART 4
4.01

PAYMENT

CONDITIONS OF PAYMENT 3ayment for the Vibro Compaction $or+ is solely dependent on achie#ing the acceptance criteria stated in section <.0/ abo#e.

4.02

SC'EDULE OF VALUES

)equest&s' for payment shall be submitted utili*ing a schedule of #alues $ith a brea+do$n for items listed belo$ &at minimum'. "ny miscellaneous or items not listed belo$ shall be sho$n on the schedule of #alues in such a $ay that can easily be quantified or measured. A. -obili*ation, -obili*ation shall be a separate lump sum item. ". 3roduction ;or+, The Vibro Compaction $ithin the limits indicated on )))(drawing name )), dra$ing nos.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% shall be a lump sum #alue of I%%%% 4 () F " unit price of I%%%%% per cubic yard $ithin the limits delineated on dra$ing %%%% 4 () 4 " unit price of I%%%%%%per linear foot of VC probe depth. B. "dditional ;or+, 3erformance of additional VC, placed under the direction of the ($ner s engineer outside the limits indicated on dra$ing no. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% shall be at a unit price of I%%%%%%%%per linear foot of VC probe depth. C. .emobili*ation, .emobili*ation shall be a separate lump sum item. D. Standby & outside the control of the VC contractor', I%%%%% per hour