Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
The stoichiometric coefficients are equal to the moles of reactants and products involved in the reaction. They are not equal to the masses of the reactants and products
four molecules NH3 react with five molecules O2 to produce four molecules NO and six molecules H2O or four mols of NH3 react with five mols of O2 to produce four mol of NO and six mol of H2O
4 mol Fe 3 mol O2
Example:
How many moles of Fe2O3 can form from 6.0 mol O2? 4 Fe (s) + 3 O2 (g) 2 Fe2O3 (s) need: moles of Fe2O3.
mole mole factor
mol Fe2O3
How many moles of Fe are needed to react with 12.0 mol O2? 4Fe (s) + 3O2 (g) 2 Fe2O3 (s)
mol Fe2O3
molar mass
g Fe2O3
Step 4:
Mass of Cp1
Moles of Cp1
Moles of Cp2
Mass of Cp2
To calculate the percent yield, you need the actual yield and theoretical yield. Example: You prepared cookie dough to make 5 dozen cookies. A sheet of 12 cookies burned and you have to throw them out. What is the percent yield of edible cookies? Theoretical yield = 60 cookies possible Actual yield = 48 cookies to eat
Example: In a chemical reaction, 20.0 g of product was expected based upon the amount of starting material. When the experiment was performed, only 18.0 g were obtained. What is the percent yield?
Percent yield is not 100% due to many experimental errors. Mostly less than 100 %
Example: Without proper ventilation and limited oxygen, the reaction of carbon and oxygen produces carbon monoxide. 2C(g) + O2(g) 2CO(g)
From this reaction, 52.5 g of CO were expected to obtain from 30.0 g of O2. When the experiment was performed, only 40.0 g of CO were obtained. What is the percent yield?
Endothermic Reactions In an endothermic reaction, Heat is absorbed. The sign of H is +. The energy of the products is greater than the energy of the reactants. Heat is a reactant. N2 (g) + O2 (g) + 181 kJ or N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 NO (g) 2 NO (g) H = +181 kJ
Exothermic Reactions In an exothermic reaction, Heat is released. The sign of H is The energy of the products is less than the energy of the reactants. Heat is a product.
Summary Reaction Endothermic Exothermic Example: Identify each reaction as 1) exothermic or 2) endothermic. A. N2 + 3H2 B. CaCO3 + 556 kJ C. D. 2SO2 + O2 H2O 2NH3 + 92 kJ CaO + CO2 2SO3 + heat H2 + O2 H = 572 kJ Energy Change Heat absorbed Heat released Heat is a Reactant Product Heat of the Reaction (H) +
From Textbook 9.1 and 9.2 Read pages 254 260 Concept Check 9.2 Sample Problem and study check 9.1 and 9.2 9.4 Read pages 267 269 Concept Check 9.6 9.5 Read pages 269 271 Concept Check 9.7 9.4 Read pages 267 269 Concept Check 9.6 9.5 Read pages 269 271 Concept Check 9.7