Joyce Anne E.

Nicolas

IV St. Andrew

SDA
Tik tok
I. Introduction A pendulum, something hanging at a fixed point and when pulled back and released it is free to swing down because of the force of gravity and its inertia. This motion is regular and repeating an example of periodic motion. There are two dominant forces acting upon a pendulum bob at all times during the course of its motion. The gravity of the earth which attracts the pendulum bob downward and the tension force which results from the string pulling of the bob. In this experiment we would demonstrate how the pendulum works and how the period of a pendulum is affected by the length of the string, its bob and its arc. Objectives To show how a pendulum works To compare the period of a pendulum in different mass of its bob, length of its string and in different angles; and lastly To know why pendulum is important to our lives Materials - A stand ( this is where you will attach your string to serve as your point of suspension) - String ( approximately 1 meter long to make sure we can try different lengths of the string in our pendulum) - Different mass of a bob ( It is the mass at the end of your pendulum) - Protractor ( to measure the angle where you will release the pendulum) - Meter stick ( to measure the length of the string from the point of suspension up to the center point of the bob) - Timer ( To record the period of the pendulum) - Calculator ( to calculate for the period of pendulum) Procedure A. For the first set of three 1. First attach your string to your stand; your stand will serve as the point of suspension of your pendulum. 2. Attach your bob at the end of the string. 3. Measure the length of the string from the point of suspension up to the center point of the bob using a meter stick. 4. Now position your protractor to your point of suspension, the middle of the protractor must be on the point of suspension. 5. Prepare the timer. 6. Now position your pendulum at your desired angle where you want to release it then when you release it you must start the timer then count up to ten and when it reach to ten cycles stop the timer.

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7. In your table you will see three sets of numbers. One the first set make sure that the mass of the bob and the angle must be the same and your variable must be the length of the string, on the second set of numbers the length of the string and the angle must be constant while the mass of your bob must be your variable, and lastly on the third set of numbers the angle must be your variable and the mass/ length must be constant. (Your table must look like this) Mass (kg) Length (m) Arc Time (s) T T1 (constant) (variable) (constant) T2 (constant) (variable) (constant) T3 (constant) (variable) (constant) T4 (variable) (constant) (constant) T5 (variable) (constant) (constant) T6 (variable) (constant) (constant) T7 (constant) (constant) (variable) T8 (constant) (constant) (variable) T9 (constant) (constant) (variable) 8. After this you must record all the data you gathered. V. Data and Results T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 Mass (kg) .010 kg .010 kg .010 kg .020 kg .050 kg .100 kg .200 kg .200 kg .200 kg Length (m) .435 m .335 m .205 m .305 m .305 m .305 m .40 m .40 m .40 m Arc 60 60 60 40 40 40 30 20 10 Time (s) 13.24 s 11.43 s 8.84 s 11.29 s 11.34 s 11.23 s 12.91 s 13.52 s 13.97 s T 1.324 s 1.143 s 0.884 s 1.129 s 1.134 s 1.123 s 1.291 s 1.352 s 1.397 s

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Calculations a. For T1 T = #sec / 10 cycle b. For T2 T = #sec / 10 cycle c. For T3 T = #sec / 10 cycle d. For T4 T = #sec / 10 cycle e. For T5 T = #sec / 10 cycle f. For T6 T = #sec / 10 cycle

T = 13.24 s / 10 cycle

T = 1.324 s

T = 11.43 s / 10 cycle

T = 1.143 s

T = 8.84 s / 10 cycle

T = 0.884 s

T = 11.29 s / 10 cycle

T = 1.129 s

T = 11.34 s / 10 cycle

T = 1.134 s

T = 11.23 s / 10 cycle

T = 1.123 s

g. For T7 T = #sec / 10 cycle h. For T8 T = #sec / 10 cycle i. For T9 T = #sec / 10 cycle

T = 12.91 s / 10 cycle

T = 1.291 s

T = 13.52 s / 10 cycle

T = 1.352 s

T = 13.97 s / 10 cycle

T = 1.397 s

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Analysis - In the first set of numbers where the length of the string is the variable, we noticed that the shorter the string is the faster it completes the 10 cycles, it is because the shorter the string is the nearer it is to the point of suspension thats why it completed 10 cycles faster than the others. - The second set of numbers where the mass of the bob is the variable, we concluded that the lighter the object is the faster it completes the 10 cycles because of the tension force the result of the string pulling of the bob compare to others the lightest object gives its string less tension that allows it to move faster than the other object that is heavier than it. - Lastly the third set of numbers where we compare the pendulum on different angles. In this set of numbers we noticed that the nearer the angle from the point of suspension is the faster it completes its 10 cycle, its because it has shorter distance to complete a cycle than the others.

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Conclusion I learned that the shorter the string, the lighter the object and the nearer the angle from the point of suspension, it is faster to complete a cycle because the others is affected by too much tension force and too much distance to travel. Recommendation - I recommend that the constant variables on different set of numbers must be on the same value for much easier comparison to gather your analysis and conclusion in a convenient way. - I also recommend that make sure that your stand is standing straight and still because this could also affect the period of your pendulum. Application - Pendulum is important to our lives because this can be used to provide accurate time-keeping. - It can also be used to determine g (the acceleration due to gravity which is important in determining the shape of the earth and the distribution of materials within it (the science of geodesy) - It can also be used to prove that Earth really rotates on its axis.

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