Cow Disease Diagnosis Using Backpropagation Neural Networks

Moh.Alifuddin 1 , Billy Eden William Asrul 2, Ery Muchyar H 3 Hamdan Gani 4 , Fadly Shabir 5

Abstract : Cow disease had a significant impact on reduction of meat production for cattle ranchers. To minimize the impact of the disease needs to be done early detection and treatment to prevent high losses. Intelligent system can make it easier to diagnose cattle ranchers independently. The author offers a solution in the form of an intelligent system that uses artificial neural network can be used to help detect the disease of cattle ranchers cows and take action before the disease gets worse. Artificial neural network will perform calculations and determine whether the cattle were exposed to the disease, based on the attributes of the data entered into the system. This intelligent system will also update the assessment and calculation of weight each time new data is inserted so that the intelligent system can make modifications to incorporate that. The data being input is any kind of symptoms of the disease in cattle. Artificial neural networks are formed consisting of the input layer is a representation of the symptoms found in cattle, the hidden layer is the result of the convergence process with the smallest error and output layers is representative of expected output is known diseases suffered by cattle. Based on these results, this study recommends the development of a neural network algorithm Backpropagation as an effective method in the diagnosis of disease in cattle systems. used to test the program Matlab and Delphi 7 Program. Keywords: cow disease, neural networks, backpropagation. 1. Introduction The ranch is an attempt to inflate the taste scattered through and cultivating farm animals to get the benefits and results of such activities as well as one of the areas of work of the man who used to meet the needs of pangannya, one of which is the dairy farms. Through the dairy farms had a wide variety of processed meat that humans use to meet the needs of its nutrition value. On the recommendation of the national food and nutrition Widyakarya X (www.wpng.org, 2012)[13], consumption of protein is 52 grams/capita/day, protein consumption and levels of Indonesia in 2005-2008 range already comply with this recommendation. However in 2006 the national consumption of protein is decreased quite significantly, which is influenced also by the decline in meat consumption. For it will have implications for the meat supply fulfillment is positive towards the fulfillment of the nutrition society. However, activities in managing dairy farms has many obstacles that can reduce the production of cattle, cattle spend even has been treated. Based on susenas data in 2008, in the range of 2005-2008 revealed that there was a decrease in meat production drastically, while the national population of beef cattle which recorded increases. One that causes this to happen is an issue as to the spread of mad cow disease spread in that year, so many cattle were vaccinated and not cut to take his flesh. To maintain the health of the livestock, dairy cattle expert will need to check the condition of the cattle is very high, because breeders cannot justify their own livestock conditions. However, due to the costs that must be incurred not less then not all breeders are able to meet the costs for consultation with experts of livestock.In addition, the demand for meat and dairy supply for the inhabitants of Indonesia are in the year 2010 amounted to approximately 237,641 949,662 (www.bps.go.id, 2012)[1] need to be maintained. Therefore it needs a system which is easily accessible by cattle farmers and its accuracy can be trusted to perform diagnose conditions cattle. System that can be applied is a smart system, which is the development of an expert system can provide such information as an expert based on the data entered by the user, and is calculated based on the rule that has been saved into the expert system (Negnevitsky, 2005)[9]. But in this case the resulting smart systems are systems that have such data base expert system and able to learn new rules and detect the appropriate data entered into the system. This system can eventually evolve and improve the accuracy of predictions. The algorithm used to construct this system is the Backpropagation Artificial Neural network (ANN). ANN was chosen because it has the advantage to learn and know the relationships of each of the attributes of the data being used to diagnose the disease.

2. Backpropagation Artifical Neural network 1 STMIK Handayani Makassar 2 STMIK Handayani Makassar 3 Dayanu Ikhsanuddin University 4 AMIK Rizky Makassar 5. STMIK Handayani Makassar Artificial neural network is one of the most popular approaches in machine learning, adaptive mechanisms that can be used by the computer to learn from experience, learn by example and learn by analogy. Neural network

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can be defined as a model of reasoning based on the human brain, consisting of interconnected jaringanjaringan (Negnevitsky, 2005)[9]. Artificial neural network's application has many layers (multiple layers), starting from the input layer, hidden layer and output layer as shown in Figure 2.1. Each node in the neural network of inter-connected, from node to node output, input by the network that has a weight. The process of learning of the neural network is based off the looping process and the change of weight of each node. For looping and changes in weight, a neural network also requires activation function to do the learning[2][6].

output(i) = input(i)

(2.1)

The value of input/input node (j) on a hidden layer is the sum of all nodes of the input layer multiplication that connected him with the weight which connects nodes in the hidden layer to the nodes in the input layer is reduced by a bias on nodes (j): Input (J) = (2.2) =1( () x ) n = the number of nodes in the input layer. Further calculation of the output/output node (j) is to enter the input/input on node (j) into the sigmoid function generator: Output (j) = y tan h = (
1 1+ (())

(2.3)

2.1.2 Calculation from hidden layer to output layer The hidden layer (1 ... j) to the output layer (1 .. k) do the following calculation: the value of input/input node (k) on the output layer is the number of nodes throughout the multiplication hidden layer that connects him with the weight which connects nodes in the output layer to nodes in the hidden layer is reduced by the bias on the node (k): Input(k) = (2.4) =1(() x wjk m = the number of nodes in the hidden layer. Further calculation of the output/output node (k) is the input/input on node (k) into the sigmoid function generator: Output (j) = y tan h = (
1 1+ (())

Gambar 2.1 The architectural structure of ANN Backpropagation Artificial Neural network have 2 processes in learning, namely Feewforward and feedbackward propagation propagation[9][7]. These are Artificial Neural Backpropagation algorithm flowchart network that can be seen in Figure2.2.

(2.5)

2.1.3 Calculation error Calculation error made when the output/output from the output layer is obtained, i.e. the calculation as follows: Error = (Output(asli) Output(k)) (2.6) After the error, system error calculation done gradient to be used for the calculation of the propagation feedbackward process to update the weight and bias in the system, by using the following calculation: k =(Output(asli)) x [ 1 - Output(k))] x (Output(asli) Output(k)) (2.7) Gambar 2.2 Flowchart backpropagation ANN 2.2 Feedbackward Propagation 2.1 Feewforward Propagation Feewforward propagation adalah proses yang digunakan untuk melakukan perhitungan dalam Backpropagation Artificial Neural network untuk mencari hasil klasifikasi berdasarkan nilai yang dimasukkan dalam layer input. Proses yang dilakukan dalam Feewforward propagation adalah berikut ini[7][10]. 2.1.1 The calculation of the input layer to hidden layer On the input layer (1 .. i) to the hidden layer (1 ... j) do the following calculation: Output/output values from the input layer is corresponding value input/input at the input layer itself:
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Feedbackward propagation is the process used to make the process of training/recount in Backpropagation Artificial Neural network so that the value of the weight and bias in the system can be updated and adjusted and if done subsequent propagation Feewforward process so that the resulting error value will be lower. The process is done in Feedbackward propagation is the following[7][10]. 2.2.1 Calculation of the hidden layer to output layer On the output layer (1 .. k) to the hidden layer (1 ... j) do the following calculation: calculate the required weight changes, by multiplying the learning rate, value of

output/output node in the hidden layer (j) and the value of the error in the output layer: wjk = x Output(j) x k Updates with new weight weight: wjk (baru) = wjk (lama) + wjk k = x (-1) x k (2.9) Calculate the refractive change on node (k) output layer: (2.10) (2.8)

2.6 Function Generators Function generators or known by the hard limit of functions used to perform the rationalization values from input that has a range of plus and minus infinity to be acceptable based on the value of the function pembangkitnya. Generating function that is used in this research is the unipolar sigmoid will return a value in the range 0 to 1. The sigmoid function generator can be seen in graph 2.18, while formula generated by sigmoid itself can be seen in Figure 2.3. y sigmoid= (
1

Update the old bias on the node (k) output layer with a new bias: k(baru) = k(lama) + k (2.11)

2.2.2 Calculation from hidden layer to input layer The hidden layer (1 ... j) into layerinput (1 .. i) do the following calculation: calculate error on hidden layer which will be used to conduct the next process: j = (Output(j)) x [1-Output(j)] x (1 =1 ) wjk (2.12) Calculate the required weight changes, by multiplying the learning rate, value of output/output node in the hidden layer (j) and the value of the error in the output layer: w ij = x Output (i) x j Updates with new weight weight: w ij(baru)= w ij(lama)+ w ij (2.14) (2.13)

1+

(2.18)

Gambar. 4.1 The Sigmoid Function Graph 2.7 Sum Squared Error Sum squared error (SSE) is an indicator used to measure the performance of the system. The initial value of the SSE ditentunkan initialization to be achieved by the system, in other words, what is the total value of the error that can be accepted by the system. The smaller the SSE is specified then the good performance of the system after the intraining[8]. SSE = (2.19) 1( ()) The process of calculating the SSE is by squaring the error values obtained from each row of the training, in accordance with the equation 2.6, and sum it. 3. Cow Disease Some types of disease of cows are used as a case study on this journal is a disease that many occur in cattle, and characteristics can be seen directly by cattle farmers so that the cattle need not take kedokter animals to perform laboratory tests. Disease in farm animals cows have a great impact for the breeder, if economic cycle the spread of his illness was not immediately dealt with well. The following is an explanation of the types of diseases that are used in this research[12][5]. 3.1. Septicemia Epizootica (SE) / Sapi Ngorok The disease is an infectious disease primarily SE in Buffalo, cows, pigs and occasionally on sheep, goats and horses, caused by Pasteurella multocida was a specific type of bacteria. The disease is usually acute, runs by with a high mortality rate, especially in patients who have shown clinical signs are evident. True to its name, at Buffalo in the terminal stage will show ngorok symptoms (snoring), besides the existence of kebengkakan edema on submandibular area region and the lower part of the neck.

Calculate refractive changes in node output layer (j): = x (- 1) x j (2.15)

Update the old bias on the node (j) output layer with a new bias:

j (baru)= j (lama)+ j
2.3 Learning rate

(2.16)

Learning rate is the rate of learning a system of intelligent, it means the level of adaptation of the system to the changes that occur if the specified target is not achieved. The range of learning rate used is between 0.0-1.0. Use of the learning rate is at the stage where propagation changes feedbackward the value of weight and bias that exists in the system will be influenced also by the values of the learning rate[3][4][8][10]. 2.4 Weight Weight is a network that connects between the nodes from one layer to another layer. Weight serves as measuring the importance of the relationships between nodes, so that later revealed the influence of each node based on weight. This Weight will be updated in the process feedbackward propagation[8]. (2.4

,+

2.4

(2.17)

Where Fi is the total variable/nodes of the input layer (Haykin, 1999).

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An overview section on livestock rumination indicates changes in sepsis. The disease causes the death of SE talking lust, reduced feeding, weight loss and loss of manpower and hauling farm helpers [3][5]. 3.2. Pink Eye Disease. Pink Eye is acute infectious eye disease in cattle, sheep and goats, is usually an epizootic and marked by his reddened conjunctiva and cloudiness of the eye. The disease is not to cause death, but can lead to considerable losses for ranchers, because it will cause blindness, weight loss and treatment costs are expensive[3][5][12]. 3.3. Radang Ambing (masititis) Mastitis is a term used for inflammation that occurs in the udder, both are acute, chronic, or subakut with the increase of cells in the breast milk and physical changes as well as the composition of breast milk, with or without the presence of pathological changes in glands (Subronto, 2003)[12]. Akoso (1996) stated that the cows, mastitis often occurs in dairy cattle and is caused by various types of bacteria. Sorry et al. (2005) stated that losses among others: mastitis cases loss of milk production, the quality and quantity of milk decreases, many cow diculling. Decrease milk production per kuartir could reach 30% or 15% per cow per lactation, so that it becomes a big problem in the dairy industry [3][5][12]. 3.4. Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku (PMK) Diseases of the mouth and nails (FMD) also known as foot and mouth disease (FMD) or Aphtae Epizooticae (AE). Oral diseases and acute illness and kuu highly contagious that attacks cattle, water buffaloes, pigs, goats, sheep and other animals, even-numbered. Ditadai infection with the formation of blisters that later evolved into the erosion on the mucous membranes of the mouth, between the nails, the swell of the coroner's legs and nipples [3][5][12]. Cause of the FMD virus is RNA, with a diameter of 20 mu. This Virus very labit (antigenetisnya easy to change), the virus was not resistant to acids and alkalis, heat, ultraviolet light, some chemical substances and disinfectant. However, the virus is resistant to life there are ingredients that contain protein, resistant to drought and cold resistant [3][5][12]. 4. Trial Application Test scenarios conducted aiming to find out the best architecture, i.e. that have SSE optimized when implemented training based on data training and diagnosis when performed upon data testing has the output accuracy levels the best. Skeanrio test is carried out based on the following criteria: 1. Compare the Sum Squared Error results accuracy testing system and ANN using learning a different rate of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6.

2.

Compare the Sum Squared Error system and the accuracy of the results of testing the number of nodes that use ANN differently in the hidden layer, E 8 node, node, node-10 12, 13, 14, 16 node node node node, and 18.

4.1 Test Scenario From the trials that have been done was done in scenario 1 to 7, obtained the conclusion that the most optimal SSE obtained in scenario 1 test 2 i.e. 0.25056 obtained by 8 nodes hidden layer and learning rate 0.1. Even so, the results of the SSE which is produced by the learning rate that others do not vary much. The whole screenplay trial recap of the results can be seen in table 4.1. Tabel 4.1 Recap of the results of scenario 1 to 7 SSE Setelah 5000x epoch dalam training Learning rate Node Skenario Uji 1 Uji 2 Hidden 0.1 0.5 0.26942 0.25056 1 8 Node 0.26941 0.26851 2 10 Node 0.26952 0.27036 3 12 Node 0.26916 0.26959 4 13 Node 0.26911 0.27049 5 15 Node 0.27009 0.27 6 16 Node 0.26939 0.27059 7 18 Node

Uji 3 0.9 0.25130 0.25108 0.26912 0.26962 0.2686 0.27023 0.27024

This is the final trial test system with perform diagnosis of 3 randomly selected data by using the number of hidden layer nodes and learning rate which generate SSE optimized test scenario before, IE 8 hidden layer nodes and learning rate is 0.5. 4.2 Final Test 1 In the trials final 1 will do the process of diagnosis by using the ngorok cow disease trait (SE) as follows: the Bull. Lazy move. appetite decreases. Removing sounds like dengkuran. mucus from the nose a lot. Mucus secreted form of froth. suffered Neck swelling. Kototran cow-shaped dry. flatulence. Eyes red cow. When it is the turn of the seasons.

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Figure 6 the output Test Results final 1 From Figure 6. It can be seen that the system of issuing results correctly, the ngorok cow disease, with the level of error-0.0055. System users can also see suggestions that can be done to treat and prevent the occurrence of the disease in the diagnosis. 4.3 Final test 2 In the final two tests will be done using the diagnosis process characterize the disease mastitis as follows: cows. Lazy move. flatulence. Udders warm. Swayed violently. mixed milk produced pus. milk produced is white Pale or bluish. milk produced smelling unpleasant.

Mucus secreted mix pus. suffered Neck swelling. Kototran cow-shaped dry. flatulence. Eyes red cow. Udders warm. Swayed violently. the resulting Milk to clot. milk produced mixed blood. mixed milk produced pus. milk produced is white Pale or bluish. milk produced smelling unpleasant. milk produced taste bitter. When it is the turn of the seasons There is a pool of water in the enclosure. It can be seen that the results of the system not properly issued, the system of diagnosing the cow contracted the disease, mouth nails with the value of output and the rate of error of 0.0.61-mouth disease value of 0.049 nails. This is because the position of the value of oral diseases of nail (0.66) is between the cow disease ngorok (0.33) and also diseases of mastitis (1.0) and causes the system to issue a value that is between the cow disease and ngorok disease, mastitis when earmarks inserted was a feature of both of these diseases. 5. Conclusion Comparative trial results of committed, obtained the conclusion that: 1. Changes in the number of nodes in the hidden layer do not affect significantly the performance of ANN, because results of the SSE (Sum Squared Error) obtained in each scenario are likely to close. If the diagnosis is performed against the data testing will also get 100% results with accuracy of data testing. Changes to the learning rate do not affect significantly the performance of ANN. From the graph at the trial can be concluded that the learning rate of the SSE changes will get larger in every epoch of training, compared to learning rate is small, this is because in the process of backpropagation learning rate of weight and bias will change significantly as well. But the big changes WE will also slowed after the epoch to umpteen hundred/thousand, so the end of the SSE also almost the same. ANN using architecture with 1 node output less nice used to diagnose 2 values at the same time. Based on the results of the test of accuracy of data testing, then ANN made on this research can be used to perform diagnosis on beef cattle, with a case study of ngorok cow disease, mastitis, pink aye and diseases of the mouth and nails.

2. Figure 8. Results output final test 2 3. From Figure 8. It can be seen that the system of issuing results correctly, i.e. disease mastitis, with this level of error of-0.00051. System users can also see suggestions that can be done to treat and prevent the occurrence of the disease in the diagnosis. 4.4 Final test 3 In the final trial of 3 will be done using the diagnosis process characteristic of ngorok cow mastitis and diseases which are put together as follows: cows. Lazy move. appetite decreases. Removing sounds like dengkuran. mucus from the nose a lot. Mucus secreted form of froth. 4. 5.

6. Suggestions

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Suggestions that can be considered for this research is to develop an election. the disease will become a case study, it is a disease that has similar characteristics. Next up is the need for revamping the system information of the output delivery system, so it can be communicated to the user if the cattle contracted the disease more than 1. 7. Bibliography 1) Badan Pusat Statistik. Dipetik November, dari www.bps.go.id, 2012 Benamrane, N., Frevile, A., & Nekkache, R. (2005).A Hybrid Fuzzy Neural networks for the Detection of Tumors in Medical Images. American Journal of Applied Sciences , 892- 896. de Mol, R., & Woldt, W. (2001). Application of Fuzzy Logic in Automated Cow Status Monitoring. Journal Dairy Science 84 , 400- 410. Di Stefano, B., Fuks, H., & Lawniczak, A. (2000). Application of Fuzzy Logic in CA/LGCA Models As a Wayof Dealing With Imprecise and Vague Data. 2000 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering , 212-217. Direktorat Jendral Peternakan. November, dari www.ditjennak.deptan.go.id, 2012 Fritz W, http://intelligent-sistems.com.ar/ , 2006 Hmlinen, R. P., & Saarinen, E. (2010). The Originality of Sistems Intelligence. Sistems Intelligence , 9-26. Hwang, G.-J., Chen, C.-Y., Tsai, P.-S., & Tsai, C.C. (2011). An expert sistem for improving webbased problem-solving ability of students. Expert Sistems with Applications , 8664-8672. Negnevitsky, M. (2005). Artificial Intelligence: A Guide to Intelligent Sistems. Harlow: AddisonWesley. Peng, Y., & Reggian, J. (1990). Abductive inference models for diagnostic problemsolving solving. New York: Springer-Verlag Inc. Phuong, N. H., & Kreinovich, V. Fuzzy logic and its applications in medicine. susenas. Badan Pusat Statistik. 2008. Subronto. Ilmu Penyakit Ternak I. Yogyakarta: UGM Press. 2008. Widyakarya Nasional Pangan dan Gizi. Desember 2012, dari www.wnpg.org, 2012

Profile:

Moh. Alifuddin1, is a senior lecturer in Department of Technical Information, STMIK Handayani Makassar, Indonesia. He was completed bachelors degree in Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Kawula Muda (STIAKIN) in 2003. Billy Eden Wiliam Asrul2, is a junior lecturer in Department of Technical Information, STMIK Handayani Makassar, Indonesia. He was completed bachelors degree in computer science from STMIK Handayani Makassar in 2010. Ery Muchyar Hasiri3, is a junior lecturer in Department of Technical Information, Dayanu Ikhsanuddin University Baubau, Indonesia. He was completed Bachelors Degree in Computer Science from STMIK Dipanegara Makassar,in 2008.

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Hamdan Gani4, is a junior lecturer in Department of Technical Information, AMIK Rizky Makassar, Indonesia. He was completed bachelors Degree in computer science from Islamic Alauddin University in 2010.

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Fadly Shabir 5, is a junior lecturer in Department of Technical Information, STMIK Handayani Makassar, Indonesia. He was completed bachelors Degree in computer science from Muslim Indonesia University in 2010.

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