An-Najah National University Faculty of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering

Transportation Systems Engineering II - CE !" T#AFFIC EN$INEE#IN$ %A&'#AT'#( AND )#'*ECT

Prepared by: Dr+ ,hale- Al-Sahili )rof+ Sameer A.u-Eisheh Instructors: )rof+ Sameer A.u-Eisheh Dr+ ,hale- Al-Sahili Eng+ /ussain A.u 0ant Eng+ 1ohamma- A.u Nimeh Eng+ ,halil A-ham

Spring 2"3"
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An-Najah National University - Department of Civil Engineering Transportation Engineering II - CE !"

Traffic Engineering %a.oratory an- )roject

%a.oratory Notes4
Each student must submit a laboratory report for each project on due date. You will work as groups. However each student must submit his!her own report. "opying others# reports is absolutely not allowed. It may result in a 0E#' grade in the project. You must show your calculations clearly in the report. Each report must contain a discussion and conclusion section. $his section may include discussion of the theory data analysis conclusions of the project observations and comparison between the e%perimental values and e%pected values. &iscussion of the sources of error may also be included in the discussion. You should read the project before you come to the class with reasonable understanding of the theory and the idea behind the e%periment.

%a.oratory E5periments an- )roject

"ondition &iagram '. (peed (tudies ) (pot (peed (tudies *$ime)+ean (peed, -. (peed (tudies . (pace)+ean (peed /. $raffic 0olume ) 0ehicle "lassification (tudies ) +anual 1. $raffic 0olume ) "lassification (tudies 2sing +achines 3. $raffic 0olume (tudies . Intersections +anually 4. $raffic 0olume (tudies . Intersections 2sing +achines 5. Parking (tudy 6. Pedestrian 0olume "ount (tudy 7. Intersection &elay (tudy '8. Inventory (tudy ''. Intersection &esign and "ontrol Project

$ra-ing System4
$he laboratory will account for -89 of the total grade for the transportation systems engineering II course

An-Najah National University

Department of Civil Engineering

Traffic Engineering %a.+

)roject No+ 34 Spee- Stu-ies Using %aser Spee- Detection Instrument &ac6groun-4 (peed studies had been performed through manual methods to measure time vs. measured distance. :ater traffic data collectors were utili;ed to measure speed through computing the time re<uired to cross pneumatic tubes for specified distance. =ecently advanced speed detection instruments have been developed and used to measure speed of vehicles. $hese instruments have used either microwave radar or laser light beams. $he attached part of the operations manual highlights the operation of the use of :aser (peed &etection Instrument which has been recently purchased for our lab.

Fiel- Stu-y4 > location close to the university is to be chosen. > sample of one hundred observations is to be considered.

#e7uire-4 '. ?rite a report including purpose methodology data collection analysis discussion and conclusions. -. $abulate the data @ find the average speed standard deviation @ median. /. &raw the speed histogram the fre<uency distribution and the cumulative speed distribution curve. 1. Aind the range where data lies with confidence levels of 739 769. 3. Aind standard error of the mean. 4. &etermine the upper and lower speed limits. 5. &etermine the '8 kph pace.

An-Najah National University

Department of Civil Engineering

Traffic Engineering %a.+

)roject No+ 24 Spee- Stu-ies Space 1ean Spee&ac6groun-4 (peed studies had been performed through manual methods to measure time vs. measured distance. $hese involve measuring the time re<uired for a vehicle to transverse a measured course. $here are a number of devices that can be used to measure time. Bne of the manual means involve using a stopwatch to measure time. $he measured course is specified at the location under study where two observers cooperate to record time one at each end of the course. Bne of the observers starts the watch when the vehicle passes and stops it upon receiving an indication from the other observer that the vehicle passes the end of the course. $he length of the course may range from -3m to 53m where the length depends on the average speed and the location under study *shorter lengths at low speeds and "C& sections and longer lengths at higher speed sections,. Fiel- Stu-y4 > location close to the university is to be chosen. > sample si;e is to be designed considering a confidence level of 739 an acceptable error of ' km!hr and a sigma of 1.3 km!hr. #e7uire-4 '. ?rite a report including purpose methodology data collection analysis discussion and conclusions. -. &esign the sample. /. $abulate the data @ find the average speed standard deviation and median. 1. &raw the speed histogram the fre<uency distribution and the cumulative speed distribution curve. 3. Aind the range where data lies with confidence levels of 739 769. 4. Aind standard error of the mean. 5. &etermine the upper and lower speed limits. 6. &etermine the '8 kph pace. 7. Is there a relationship between space)mean speed and time)mean speedD If yes what is this relationshipD

An-Najah National University

Department of Civil Engineering

Traffic Engineering %a.+

)roject No+ 84 Traffic 9olume Stu-ies : 1anual

&ac6groun-4 "ongestion problems in Eablus "ity re<uire an immediate and intensive study of several locations and intersections. > comprehensive study should be conducted to develop a system by which the network should be designed. &ue to limited time and resources spot studies are suggested for this project. Fiel- Stu-y4 (everal counts are to be conducted on different roadways for the purpose of this assignment. $he study locations will be given in the lab by the instructor. $hose counts will be limited to volume and classification counts. $he counting period will be limited to one)hour due to time limitation. However an e%tended)time count will be provided for you based on previous studies. #e7uire-4 '. ?rite a report including purpose methodology data collection data analysis discussion and conclusions. -. $abulate the results for the study. /. Identify the peak hour and peak hour volume for the '8)hr count. 1. Estimate the >&$ for each street based on your ')hr count. 3. Prepare a traffic flow map. 4. Aind the peak hour factor for your street. 5. Aind the percentage of private automobiles ta%is buses and trucks at your station.

An-Najah National University

Department of Civil Engineering

Traffic Engineering %a.+

)roject No+ 4 Traffic 9olume Stu-ies Using Electromechanical Data Collection #ecor-ers &ac6groun-4 +anual traffic volume counting can be used only for short periods. It re<uires intensive use of human resources. Bn the other hand electromechanical traffic data collectors which have high initial cost are used e%tensively to collect traffic volume counts especially for longer counting periods. +oreover many other important variables can be recorded using these e<uipments including vehicle classification speeds gaps headways etc. F $o continue investigating problems in Eablus you began in Project Eo. ' and - more detailed studies are to be performed for a number of stations for volume counts. Fiel- Stu-y4 > number of study locations will be selected to investigate traffic volumes in Eablus using electromechanical traffic data collectors. 2nicorn traffic data collectors are to be used. Setting E7uipment4 2nicorn traffic data collectors have 1 different modes of operation: =aw Cinned "ount and (ensor. In this project we are interested in counting and classification. $herefore we will use the binned mode. $his will be reflected on how to use and arrange e<uipment input road tubes. Each lane is to be sensored by two tubes. $wo speciali;ed sensor configurations may be utili;ed for lane count data when two road tubes are used which are lane subtraction and directional *see manual P. '/,. (et hardware as described in (ection III of the manual. "onnect the road tubes according to the plan and you are ready to begin collecting volume data. >fter completing data collection use the interface cable to download the data into the computer using $rafman (oftware. Get a printed report of your data. #e7uire-4 '. ?rite a report including purpose methodology data collection data analysis discussion and conclusions. -. $abulate the results for the study. /. Identify the peak hour and peak hour volume for your station. 1. Aind the peak hour factor for your station.

An-Najah National University

Department of Civil Engineering

Traffic Engineering %a.+

)roject No+ ;4 Traffic 9olume Stu-ies : Intersection 1anual Counts &ac6groun-4 =ecent $raffic congesting problems in Eablus especially along the main arterial crossing the city attract the attention to study the inbound and outbound traffic volumes as well as the traffic volumes along those arterials especially at key intersections. $raffic volumes at intersections can be observed and recorded manually. (pecial forms can be used for this purpose. $he attached form shows the various vehicle classes that might occur on city streets in the ?est Cank. Fiel- Stu-y4 >s part of the effort a study of several intersections in Eablus will be "ounted. +anual counting is to be used for turning movements at several locations. "ounts should be performed to catch the peak hours. %ocation4 Intersections will be illustrated in lab session. #e7uire-4 '. ?rite a report including purpose methodology data collection data analysis discussion and conclusions. -. $abulate the results for the study using the special forms. /. Identify the peak hour and the peak hour volume for your station. 1. Prepare an intersection traffic flow diagram. 3. Aind the peak hour factors for each approach and for the intersection. 4. Aind the percentage of heavy vehicles at your station.

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An-Najah National University

Department of Civil Engineering

Traffic Engineering %a.+

)roject No+ !4 Traffic 9olume Stu-ies : Intersection 1achine Counts &ac6groun-4 $raffic congesting problems in Eablus especially along the main arterial crossing the city attract the attention to study the inbound and outbound traffic volumes as well as the traffic volumes along those arterials especially at key intersections. $raffic volumes at intersections can be observed and recorded manually or by mechanical hand counters. $hese machines have been used where pushing buttons manually corresponds to recording vehicles. =ecently and in order to facilitate collection recording and retrieving of data for short periods of time electronic data collection recorders have been developed and utili;ed. Fiel- Stu-y4 >s part of the effort a study of several intersections in Eablus will be "ounted. +achine counting is to be used for turning movements at several locations. "ounts should be performed to catch the peak hours. %ocation4 Intersections will be illustrated in lab session. #e7uire-4 '. ?rite a report including purpose methodology data collection data analysis discussion and conclusions. -. $abulate the results for the study using the special forms. /. Identify the peak hour and the peak hour volume for your station. 1. Prepare an intersection traffic flow diagram. 3. Aind the peak hour factors for each approach and for the intersection. 4. Aind the percentage of heavy vehicles at your station.

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An-Najah National University

Department of Civil Engineering )roject No+ <

Traffic Engineering %a.+

)ar6ing Stu-y
&ac6groun-4 Parking problems are clearly noticed in Eablus "entral Cusiness >rea. $he increase in the number of vehicles and their usage and conse<uently in the demand for parking has not been accompanied with parallel increase in the supply of parking spaces or in planning and implementing time restrictions and other parking controls. $o determine the e%tent of and severity of the problem it is necessary to determine the e%isting parking supply and current usage.

Fiel- Stu-y4 Each team will be assigned a section of Eablus "C& to survey. :ocations will be specified in the lab. #e7uire-4 ?rite a report including purpose data collection calculations analysis discussions and conclusions. In the report give answers for the following: '. Indicate the results of parking inventory study for your location. -. Aind the supply and practical capacity. /. Aind parking accumulations and present it graphically. 1. Aind the utili;ation rate. "ommentHH 3. &escribe the parking duration observed. "ommentHH 4. &oes the problem of double parking e%istD ?hat about the percent of violating vehiclesD 5. >re current parking conditions sufficientD +ake recommendations for improvements.

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CE !" - Traffic Engineering )ar6ing Stu-ies

An-Najah National University Traffic Engineering City4======================= Street4=================================== = Num.er of Spaces4======================== Time &eginning 6:88 6:'3 6:/8 6:13 7:88 7:'3 7:/8 7:13 '8:88 '8:'3 '8:/8 '8:13 '':88 '':'3 '':/8 '':13 Facility No+ )ar6ing Type Department of Civil Engineering Date4==================== &et>een========== )ar6ing Accumulation Time &eginning '-:88 '-:'3 '-:/8 '-:13 '/:88 '/:'3 '/:/8 '/:13 '1:88 '1:'3 '1:/8 '1:13 '3:88 '3:'3 '3:/8 '3:13 %ocation4 ========================== an-4================= Facility No+ )ar6ing Accumulation

)ar6ing Type

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An-Najah National University

Department of Civil Engineering

Traffic Engineering %a.+

)roject No+ ?4 )e-estrian 9olume Count Stu-y &ac6groun-4 Pedestrian traffic volume is relatively heavy in major downtowns in Palestinian cities. Pedestrians cross streets from any location whether it#s a designated pedestrian cross) walk or not. $hese random and unorgani;ed pedestrian crossings cause major vehicular delays at heavy pedestrian areas. $he study of pedestrian volume assists in evaluating the vehicle!pedestrians interaction. $his study is also used to e%amine Warrant: Minimum Pedestrian Volume. Fiel- Stu-y4 Each group is re<uired to perform a pedestrian volume count study at various intersections!streets in the "ity of Eablus. $he study should be performed in '3) minute intervals during the peak period for one hour. $he number of pedestrian volumes *and sometimes vehicular volume, should be counted. $wo different study forms are to be completed in this study: Pedestrian Volume Sheet and the Summary of Pedestrian Movements. %ocation4 (tudy locations will be provided during the laboratory session. #e7uire-4 ?rite a report including: purpose data analysis discussion and conclusions. In the report you should also: '. -. /. 1. 3. Aill out the appropriate forms draw a sketch and tabulate the results. &etermine the peak hour and peak hour pedestrian traffic volume. &oes the problem of pedestrians crossing from undesignated areas e%istD If yes discuss the impact on pedestrian safety and vehicular traffic operation. &oes the age group of pedestrians and their associated walking speed vary significantlyD ?hat is the estimated average walking speedD ?hat is the predominant pedestrian age groupD

4. &iscuss the impact of pedestrian volume and their age group on traffic signal design and operation.

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An-Najah National University

Department of Civil Engineering

Traffic Engineering %a.+

)roject No+ @4 Intersection Delay Stu-y

&ac6groun-4 &elay is observed at a number of intersections in the area of Eablus and other Palestinian cities. $he study of delay at intersections would assist in evaluating the performance of those intersections. Fiel- Stu-y4 Each group is re<uired to perform an intersection delay study at the same intersections where the intersection traffic count was performed. $he study should be performed with '3 sec. observation intervals for the period e%tending '3 minute during the peak period. $he number of stopped vehicles by the end of each interval is to be counted. In addition total discharge volume *including stopping or non)stopping vehicles, at the Yield or (top sign controlled approach should be counted. %ocation4 (tudy Intersections will be provided during the laboratory session. #e7uire-4 ?rite a report including: purpose data analysis discussion and conclusions. In the report you should also: '. $abulate the result. -. "alculate: ) Percent stopping vehicles ) (topped delay ) >pproach delay ) >verage stopped delay per vehicle ) >verage approach delay per vehicle

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An-Najah National University

Department of Civil Engineering )roject No+ 3" Inventory Stu-y

Traffic Engineering %a.+

&ac6groun-4 $he general characteristics or roads in Palestinian cities are somewhat the same. Inventory of roads are hardly done in these cities. =oad network is not officially classified in a systematic way according to set standards. =oad signs are somewhat limited or need maintenance or replacement. +ost roadway sections have two lanesI one lane per direction. Pavement conditions are fair to poor e%cept at locations where streets have been recently resurfaced. $he road inventory study is an important task that each jurisdiction should do to identify their assets. $hese studies include roadway classification and roadway elements. (tandard forms are typically used for this purpose. Fiel- Stu-y4 $his study focuses on the inventory of e%isting conditions along some selected sections!intersections in the vicinity of >n)Eajah Eational 2niversity. $hese locations will be identified during lab sessions. Bne should pay attention to special conditions of traffic and geometry along the study sections. (tudents may use the attached form to facilitate collecting the information. >dditional information may be added as seen necessary by the observer. #e7uire-4 '. ?rite a report including purpose methodology data collection data analysis discussion and conclusions. -. ?rite your observations regarding special features *traffic and geometry, of the study location.

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FIE%D IN9ENT'#( F'#1

DATE $'9E#N'#ATE CIT( %'CATI'N

Section Type Num.er Intersection %egs )avement 1ar6ings

J mid)block J/

J intersection J1 J +ulti J &oesn#t e%ist

J Good condition J Poor condition

1e-ian 'pening #oa->ay East >pproach ?est >pproach (outh >pproach Eorth >pproach J &ivided J &ivided J &ivided J &ivided J undivided J undivided J undivided J undivided J Yes J Yes J Yes J Yes J Eo J Eo J Eo J Eo

Num.er of %anes

EC FFF :anes ?C FFF :anes (C FFF :anes EC FFF :anes

/oriAontal Alignment 9ertical Alignment Shoul-er

E)( E)? E)( E)? J Yes J Yes J Yes J Yes J Yes J Yes J Yes J Yes J Poor

J (traight J (traight J Gradient J Gradient J Eo J Eo J Eo J Eo J Eo J Eo J Eo J Eo

J "urve J "urve J :evel J :evel ?idth K ?idth K ?idth K ?idth K ?idth K ?idth K ?idth K ?idth K m m m m m m m m

East >pproach ?est >pproach (outh >pproach Eorth >pproach East >pproach ?est >pproach (outh >pproach Eorth >pproach

Si-e>al6

Drainage Facilities J Good Surface Type #oughness J =ough

J &oesn#t e%ist J "oncrete J Gravel J &irt

J >sphalt

J (mooth

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Surface Defects

J =utting J =aveling

J Potholes J Eothing

J "orrugation J Bthers

J Cleeding

Traffic Control

J (top sign J yield sign J $raffic signal J Policeman J Eo control

)ar6ing Control in the 9icinity J Parking %oa-ing Facilities in the 9icinity %an- Uses J "ommercial J (chool ;one J Yes

J Eo Parking J Eo

J =esidential J Industrial J +i%ed J Bther J Good J Aair J Poor

Night %ight Con-ition Spee- %imit EC ?C (C EC K K K K

Lm ! h Lm ! h Lm ! h Lm ! h

#oa-si-e Feature )oles #oc6s Si-e Slopes Trees Safety &arriers 'ther

J East >pproach J ?est >pproach J (outh >pproach J Eorth >pproach J East >pproach J ?est >pproach J (outh >pproach J Eorth >pproach J East >pproach J ?est >pproach J (outh >pproach J Eorth >pproach J East >pproach J ?est >pproach J (outh >pproach J Eorth >pproach J East >pproach J ?est >pproach J (outh >pproach J Eorth >pproach J East >pproach J ?est >pproach J (outh >pproach J Eorth >pproach EC ?C (C EC EC ?C (C EC J Good J Good J Good J Good J Good J Good J Good J Good J Aair J Aair J Aair J Aair J Poor J Poor J Poor J Poor
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9isi.ility of Traffic Control Devices

J Poor J Poor J Poor J Poor

Sight -istance

An-Najah National University

Department of Civil Engineering

Traffic Engineering %a.+

)roject No+ 33 Intersection Analysis an- Control &ac6groun-4 It has been noticed that traffic congestion in Eablus and in other urban areas in the ?est Cank are most severe at key intersections. Proper intersection design and control is very important in assigning right of way improving traffic flow through the intersection and enhancing safety. Intersection design features include number of lanes lane widths proper channeli;ation curb radii etc. Intersection control features include proper installations of traffic control devices including signs and markings. >t specific intersections and if warranted traffic signals must be installed. $o evaluate the performance of an intersection capacity and level of service analysis are usually performed. Fiel- Stu-y4 $his study focuses on intersection design and control at key intersections. First4 intersection approach geometries have to be identified. Ne5t4 an inventory of control measures at the approaches and of e%isting traffic control devices at the vicinity of the intersection is to be performed. $his in addition to the peak hour traffic volumes at the intersection considered which you have performed in :ab. >ss. Eo. 3 or will be supplied form a basis for proper design and control. #e7uire-4 '. ?rite a report including purpose methodology data collection data analysis discussion and conclusions. -. &raw the intersection at a proper scale showing all e%isting geometric and control features including traffic control devices. /. >naly;e the appropriateness of the current geometric and traffic control devices. 1. (uggest modifications and make proper geometric design for the intersection including channeli;ation and draw using a proper scale. 3. (uggest modifications to traffic control and show suggested traffic control devices for the intersection. 4. "heck whether a traffic signal is warranted. 5. If a traffic signal is to be installed. &esign the signali;ation plan showing phases cycle length intervals split etc.

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