DS8000 Architecture DS 8000 consists 2 processor complexes.

. Each complex access to multiple host adapters to connect to channel, FICON & ESCON hosts. DS8000 can have up to 2 host a!apters "o access the !is# su$s%stem, each complex uses several &our'port Fi$re Channel ar$itrate! loop (FC' )*+ device adapters. ,aximum -. a!apters in 8 pairs Each a!apter connects the complex to t/o separate s/itche! Fi$re Channel net/or#s. Each s/itche! net/or# attaches !is# enclosures that each contains up to -. !is#s. Each enclosure contains t/o 20'port Fi$re Channel s/itches. O& these 20 ports, -. are use! to attach to the -. !is#s in the enclosure an! the remainin0 &our are use! to either interconnect /ith other enclosures or to the !evice a!apters. Each !is# is attache! to $oth s/itches.

Data Transfer Process

"he attache! hosts interact /ith so&t/are /hich is runnin0 on the complexes( servers+ to access !ata on lo0ical volumes "he servers mana0e all rea! an! /rite re1uests to the lo0ical volumes on the !is# arra%s. Durin0 /rite re1uests, the servers use &ast'/rite, means the !ata is /ritten to volatile memor% on one complex an! persistent memor% on the other complex. "he server then reports the /rite as complete $e&ore it has $een /ritten to !is#. "his provi!es much &aster /rite per&ormance. 2ersistent memor% is also calle! N3S or non'volatile stora0e. 4ea! Operation, the servers &etch the !ata &rom the !is# arra%s via the hi0h per&ormance s/itche! !is# architecture. "he !ata is then cache! in volatile memor% in case it is re1uire! a0ain. "he servers attempt to anticipate &uture rea!s $% an al0orithm #no/n as S)4C (Se1uential pre&etchin0 in )!aptive 4eplacement cache ). Data is hel! in cache as lon0 as possi$le usin0 this smart al0orithm. I& a cache hit occurs /here re1ueste! !ata is alrea!% in cache, then the host !oes not have to /ait &or it to $e &etche! &rom the !is#s.

Array Site:

)n arra% site is 0roup o& 8 DD,s. 5hat DD,s ma#e up an arra% site is pre'!etermine! $% the DS8000, $ut note, that there is no pre'!etermine! server a&&init% &or arra% sites. "he DD,s selecte! &or an arra% site are chosen &rom t/o !is# enclosures on !i&&erent loops. "he DD,s in the arra% site are o& the same DD, t%pe, /hich means the same capacit% an! the same spee! (42,+.
Array: (Only 1 Array is created using 1 Array site) )n arra% is create! &rom one Array Site. Formin0 an arra% means !e&inin0 a speci&ic 4)ID t%pe. 4)ID t%pes supporte! 4)ID 6 & 4)ID -0. )ccor!in0 to the DS8000 sparin0 al0orithm, &rom 7ero to t/o spares ma% $e ta#en &rom the arra% site. creation o& a 4)ID'6 arra% /ith one spare, also calle! a .828S arra% (capacit% o& . DD,s &or !ata, capacit% o& one DD, &or parit%, an! a spare !rive+. )ccor!in0 to the 4)ID'6 rules, parit% is !istri$ute! across all seven !rives in this example. Rank : ( is a lo ical construct in DS8000 virtuali!ation hierarchy ) ) 4)N9 is $uilt $% usin0 onl% one )rra%. 5hen Rank is create!, its name is chosen $% DS Stora0e mana0er.

)vaila$le space on each )rra% is !ivi!e! in to Extents. Extents are the $uil!in0 $loc#s o& the lo0ical volumes. )n extent is stripe! across on all the !is#s in arra%. "he process o& &ormin0 a rank !oes t/o thin0s: )rra% is &ormatte! &or either F;(Open s%stems+ or C9D (main&rames+. "his !etermines the si7e o& the set o& !ata on one !is# /ithin a stripe o& an arra%. "he capacit% o& Array is su$!ivi!e! in to e1ual si7e! partitions calle! extents. "he extent size !epen!s upon extent type F; or C9D )n F; extent has an extent si7e o& - <;. In 7OS, One extent is the minimum ph%sical allocation unit /hen a *=N or C9D volume is create!, as /e !iscuss later. It is still possi$le to !e&ine a C9D volume /ith a capacit% that is an inte0ral multiple o& one c%lin!er or a &ixe! $loc# *=N /ith a capacit% that is an inte0ral multiple o& -28 lo0ical $loc#s (.>9 $%tes+. ?o/ever, i& the !e&ine! capacit% is not an inte0ral multiple o& the capacit% o& one extent, the unuse! capacit% in the last extent is /aste!. For instance, %ou coul! !e&ine a - c%lin!er C9D volume, $ut --- c%lin!ers (- extent+ is allocate! an! ---2 c%lin!ers /oul! $e /aste!. "#tent Pool: $o ical construct of a re ate of e#tents fro% set of Ranks)

Extent pools are use! to extent allocation o& logical volumes. Set o& 4an#s in extent pools /ill have same characteristics li#e 42,, 4)ID t%pe so that extents in extent pool have homo0enous characteristics. One or more ran#s /ith same extent type can $e assi0ne! to an extent pool. One ran# can $e assi0ne! to onl% one extent pool. "here can $e as man% as extent pools as there are ran#s. "he DS Stora0e ,ana0er <=I 0ui!es the user to use the same 4)ID t%pes in an extent pool. )s such, /hen an extent pool is !e&ine!, it must $e assi0ne! /ith the &ollo/in0 attri$utes: @ Server a&&init%

@ Extent t%pe @ 4)ID t%pe "he minimum num$er o& extent pools is oneA ho/ever, %ou /oul! normall% /ant at least t/o, one assi0ne! to server 0 an! the other assi0ne! to server - so that $oth servers are active. In an environment /here F; an! C9D are to 0o onto the DS8000 stora0e server, %ou mi0ht /ant to !e&ine &our extent pools, one F; pool &or each server, an! one C9D pool &or each server, to $alance the capacit% $et/een the t/o servers. O& course %ou coul! also !e&ine Bust one F; extent pool an! assi0n it to one server, an! !e&ine a C9D extent pool an! assi0n it to the other server. )!!itional extent pools ma% $e !esira$le to se0re0ate ran#s /ith !i&&erent DD, t%pes. 4an#s are or0ani7e! in t/o rank groups: @ 4an# 0roup 0 is controlle! $% server 0. @ 4an# 0roup - is controlle! $% server -. Cou can expan! extent pools $% a!!in0 more ran#s to an extent pool. &%portant: Cou shoul! $alance %our capacit% $et/een the t/o servers &or optimal per&ormance $o ical 'olu%es : ) lo0ical volume is compose! o& set o& extents &rom one extent pool. On DS8000 up to !"#80 logical volumes can $e create%. (i#ed )lock $*+ : is compose! o& set o& F; extents. ) &ixe! $loc# *=N is compose! o& one or more <; (2 0+ extents &rom one F; extent pool. ) *=N cannot span multiple extent pools, $ut a *=N can have extents &rom !i&&erent ran#s /ithin the same extent pool. Cou can construct *=Ns up to a si7e o& 2 "; (2>0+. *=Ns can $e allocate! in $inar% <; (2 0 $%tes+, !ecimal <; (-0D $%es+, or 6-2 or 620 $%te $loc#s. ?o/ever, the ph%sical capacit% that is allocate! &or a *=N is al/a%s a multiple o& - <;, so it is a 0oo! i!ea to have *=N si7es that are a multiple o& a 0i0a$%te. I& %ou !e&ine a *=N /ith a *=N si7e that is not a multiple o& - <;, &or example, 26.6 <;, the *=N si7e is 26.6 <;, $ut 2. <; are ph%sicall% allocate! an! 0.6 <; o& the ph%sical stora0e is unusa$le. iSeries $*+S : iSeries *=Ns are also compose! o& &ixe! $loc# - <; extents. "here are, ho/ever, some special aspects /ith iSeries *=Ns. *=Ns create! on a DS8000 are al/a%s 4)ID protecte!. *=Ns are $ase! on 4)ID'6 or 4)ID'-0 arra%s. ?o/ever, %ou mi0ht /ant to !eceive OSE>00F an! tell it that the *=N is not 4)ID protecte!. "his causes OSE>00 to !o its o/n mirrorin0. iSeries *=Ns can have the attri$ute unprotecte%, in /hich case the DS8000 /ill lie to an iSeries host an! tell it that the *=N is not 4)ID protecte!. $o ical Su, Syste% ($SS) : is lo ical construct -hich roups lo ical volu%es. $*+S in roups up to /01 lo ical volu%es. &ou can no' %e(ine up to #"" )SSs (or t*e DS8000. &ou can even *ave more )SSs t*an arrays. For each *=N or C9D volume %ou can no/ choose an *SS. Cou can put up to 26. volumes into one *SS. "here is, ho/ever, one restriction. 5e alrea!% have seen that volumes are &orme! &rom a $unch o& extents &rom an extent pool. Extent pools, ho/ever, $elon0 to one server, server 0 or server -, respectivel%. *SSs also have an a&&init% to the servers. )ll even num$ere! *SSs (GH00H, GH02H, GH0>H, up to GHFEH+ $elon0 to server 0 an! all o!! num$ere! *SSs (GH0-H, GH0 H, GH06H, up to GHFDH+ $elon0 to server -. *SS GHFFH is reserve!. Address roups

)!!ress 0roups are create! automaticall% /hen the &irst *SS associate! /ith the a!!ress 0roup is create!, an! !elete! automaticall% /hen the last *SS in the a!!ress 0roup is !elete!. *SSs are either C9D *SSs or F; *SSs. )ll !evices in an *SS must $e either C9D or F;. "his restriction 0oes even &urther. *SSs are 0roupe! into a!!ress 0roups o& -. *SSs. *SSs are num$ere! GIa$I, /here a is the a!!ress 0roup an! $ !enotes an *SS /ithin the a!!ress 0roup. So, &or example GI-0I to GI-FI are *SSs in a!!ress 0roup -. )ll *SSs /ithin one a!!ress 0roup have to $e o& the same t%pe, C9D or F;. "he &irst *SS !e&ine! in an a!!ress 0roup &ixes the t%pe o& that a!!ress 0roup. 7Series clients that still /ant to use ESCON to attach hosts to the DS8000 shoul! $e a/are o& the &act that ESCON supports onl% the -. *SSs o& a!!ress 0roup 0 (*SS GI00I to GI0FI+. "here&ore this a!!ress 0roup shoul! $e reserve! &or ESCON'attache! C9D !evices, in this case, an! not use! as F; *SSs. 'olu%e Access: 2ost attach%ent ?;)s are i!enti&ie! to the DS8000 in a host attachment construct that speci&ies the ?;)sH 5orl! 5i!e 2ort Names (552Ns+. ) set o& host ports can $e associate! throu0h a port 0roup attri$ute that allo/s a set o& ?;)s to $e mana0e! collectivel%. "his port 0roup is re&erre! to as host attachment /ithin the <=I. ) 0iven host attachment can $e associate! /ith onl% one volume 0roup. Each host attachment can $e associate! /ith a volume 0roup to !e&ine /hich *=Ns that ?;) is allo/e! to access. ,ultiple host attachments can share the same volume 0roup. "he host attachment ma% also speci&% a port mas# that controls /hich DS8000 IEO ports the ?;) is allo/e! to lo0 in to. 5hichever ports the ?;) lo0s in on, it sees the same volume 0roup that is !e&ine! in the host attachment associate! /ith this ?;). +*e maximum num$er o( *ost attac*ments on a DS8000 is 8,-#. 'olu%e 3roup: ) volume 0roup is a name! construct that !e&ines a set o& lo0ical volumes. 5hen use! in conBunction /ith C9D hosts, there is a !e&ault volume 0roup that contains all C9D volumes an! an% C9D host that lo0s into a FICON IEO port has access to the volumes in this volume 0roup. C9D lo0ical volumes are automaticall% a!!e! to this volume 0roup /hen the% are create! an! automaticall% remove! &rom this volume 0roup /hen the% are !elete!. 5hen use! in conBunction /ith Open S%stems hosts, a host attachment o$Bect that i!enti&ies the ?;) is lin#e! to a speci&ic volume 0roup. "he user must !e&ine the volume 0roup $% in!icatin0 /hich &ixe! $loc# lo0ical volumes are to $e place! in the volume 0roup. *o0ical volumes ma% $e a!!e! to or remove! &rom an% volume 0roup !%namicall%. "here are t/o t%pes o& volume 0roups use! /ith Open S%stems hosts an! the t%pe !etermines ho/ the lo0ical volume num$er is converte! to a host a!!ressa$le *=NJID on the Fi$re Channel SCSI inter&ace. ) map volume group t%pe is use! in conBunction /ith FC SCSI host t%pes that poll &or *=Ns $% /al#in0 the a!!ress ran0e on the SCSI inter&ace. "his t%pe o& volume 0roup can map an% F; lo0ical volume num$ers to 26. *=NJIDs that have 7eroes in the last six $%tes an! the &irst t/o $%tes in the ran0e o& GI0000I to GI00FFI. ) mask volume group t%pe is use! in conBunction /ith FC SCSI host t%pes that use the 4eport *=Ns comman! to !etermine the *=NJIDs that are accessi$le. "his t%pe o& volume 0roup can allo/ an% an! all F; lo0ical volume num$ers to $e accesse! $% the host /here the mas# is a $itmap that

speci&ies /hich *=Ns are accessi$le. For this volume 0roup t%pe, the lo0ical volume num$er GIa$c!I is mappe! to *=NJID GI>0a$>0c!00000000I. "he volume 0roup t%pe also controls /hether 6-2 $%te $loc# *=Ns or 620 $%te $loc# *=Ns can $e con&i0ure! in the volume 0roup. 5hen associatin0 a host attachment /ith a volume 0roup, the host attachment contains attri$utes that !e&ine the lo0ical $loc# si7e an! the )!!ress Discover% ,etho! (*=N 2ollin0 or 4eport *=Ns+ that are use! $% the host ?;). "hese attri$utes must $e consistent /ith the volume 0roup t%pe o& the volume 0roup that is assi0ne! to the host attachment so that ?;)s that share a volume 0roup have a consistent interpretation o& the volume 0roup !e&inition an! have access to a consistent set o& lo0ical volume t%pes. "he <=I t%picall% sets these values appropriatel% &or the ?;) $ase! on the user speci&ication o& a host t%pe. "he user must consi!er /hat volume 0roup t%pe to create /hen settin0 up a volume 0roup &or a particular ?;). F; lo0ical volumes ma% $e !e&ine! in one or more volume 0roups. "his allo/s a *=N to $e share! $% host ?;)s con&i0ure! to !i&&erent volume 0roups. )n F; lo0ical volume is automaticall% remove! &rom all volume 0roups /hen it is !elete!. +*e maximum num$er o( volume groups is 8.#0 (or t*e DS8000.