Introduction of Nanocell

San Francisco WBA Q3/2012

Outline
Motivation of Nanocell Introduction of Nanocell

Architecture of Nanocell
Key Features and Unsolved Problems Way Forward and Summary

Data Traffic Increasing Dramatically

Data traffic load is exploding
User number of global mobile broadband is increasing at 45% per year in the last 4 years Global wireless data traffic increased is increasing at >100% per year, and future increase forecast is 40X in 5 years, 1000X in 10 years New type terminals accelerate explosive increase of data traffic, percentage of smart phone is still low nowadays, potential increase will be great

Smart phone Pad Laptop

Data traffic brought by different type of terminals

Growth rate of user number of global mobile broadband

Source fromITU

Source fromCisco

Challenges to operators
Mobile data traffic growth Vs. Network carrying capacity growth
Global mobile data traffic annual compound growth rate is 92% Mobile network capacity annual compound growth rate is 60%

Mobile data traffic growth Vs. Operators revenue growth

Global mobile data traffic increased 280% in last 2 years Operators revenue annual compound growth rate is decreasing

Operators need low cost and high spectrum efficiency technology to meet the challenges
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
0.24 EB 0.6 EB 2.2 EB 1.2 EB
0
Q2:06 Q4:06 Q2:07 Q4:07 0 ($M)of data traffic ($M) Revenue

Total data traffic (TB) TB

5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000

1 ExaByte = 10 18 Byte

6.3 EB

5,000 4,000 3,000

3.8 EB

2,000 1,000

Revenue of data traffic

Q2:08 Q4:08 Q2:09 Total data traffic

Source fromAT&T

Smallcell and WLAN is considered to be low cost broadband access schemes for hotspots
Cellular network structure is changing from macro cells to small cells Radio network capacity gain schemes WLAN is low cost wireless broadband access technology

New frequency Spectrum Cell density band efficiency gain gain Z YX2 X8 XX2

WLAN technology is developing

802.11ac
300 Mbps

802.11n 802.11g
20 Mbps

100 Mbps

Total capacity gainX*Y*Z=2X2X8=32X Hard to fulfill future capacity demand only with macro cells, future network need small cells with high capacity, low cost and low power consumption

Higher throughput

CMCC is making great effort on WLAN network construction 2012-6 2.83 million WLAN APs Next 3years, achieve 6 million APs

Small cell and WLAN integration can further decrease operators CPAEX/OPEXand helpful on inter-system interference control

Outline
Motivation of Nanocell Introduction of Nanocell

Architecture of Nanocell
Key Features and Unsolved Problems Way Forward and Summary

NanocellThe Cost Effective Solution for Mobile Broadband

Nanocella smallcelle.g. picocell, femtocell etc.integrated with carrier grade WLAN AP, generally deployed in enterprise, hot spots and home scenarios
Notebeside LTE, Nanocell may also support 2G/3G/LTE
Nanocell Macrocell Nanocell Nanocell Nanocell

Scenarios

1. 2.

Cellular + carrier grade WLAN Low CAPEX/OPEX: SoC chip solution, high integration, small size, low power consumption One node dual coverage & guaranteed interference control offloading macro cellular network, good inter-system interference control between cellular and WLAN Flexible and cost effective backhaul may use wireless/xPON for backhaul Trust environment with guaranteed security

Microcell

Microcell Microcell

Nanocell Nanocell Macrocell

3.

4. 5.

Candidate Scenarios on the Introduction of Nanocell

Scenario with existing WLAN and need introduce or enhance LTE
Use Nanocell to replace existing indoor/outdoor WLAN AP Use the footprint, backhaul and power supply of existing WLAN , offer cellular and WLAN network access simultaneously

Scenario wo existing WLAN and LTE capacity need enlarge

Use Nanocell to construct bottom layer LTE coverage, compose a multilayer network with macro cells to enlarge the total capacity Integrated WLAN can offload the traffic further, and support more types of access terminals

Scenario wo existing WLAN nor LTE

User Nanocell to construct LTE and WLAN network simultaneously Enhance LTE coverage and carrier grade WLAN coverage with low CAPEX/OPEX solutions

Outline
Motivation of Nanocell Introduction of Nanocell

Architecture of Nanocell
Key Features and Unsolved Problems Way Forward and Summary

Nanocell ArchitectureAccess to Cellular Core network and WLAN Core Network

EPC

Nanocell related Existing network element

MME Nanocell OAM HSS

LTE

Backhaul
WLAN

Nanocell GW

S-GW

P-GW

Internet
WLAN Access & Control

Portal

AC

AAA

Nanocell Architecture Requirement

Leverage Smallcell and WLAN similarities on network architecture and backhaul WLAN module can provide the same carrier-grade function such as Portal and EAPSIM/PEAP authentication Nanocell shall support CAPWAP protocol to be connected with AC

Functional Requirement

Nanocell Fallback to Smallcell Architecture Without WLAN EnableOnly Access to Cellular Core Network Nanocell Fallback to Smallcell ArchitectureWithout WLAN Enable Only Access to Cellular Core Network
New Nanocell Existing network element

MME Nanocell OAM HSS Nanocell GW

EPC

Local-GW

S-GW

P-GW Internet

UE

Nanocell

Backhaul

Besides NanocellNanocell Gateway and Nanocell OAMare new to existing network

New Requirement on Network with the Introduction of Nanocell

No requirement on existing network architecture Shall introduce Nanocell gateway and authentication network element
Authorization and authentication of Nanocellprotection on signaling and data transmission As the boarder to the core network, routing for signaling and traffic

Introduce Nanocell OAM system

Nanocell OAM can be standalone at the initial stage, can be integrated with the current Macro network OAM later Nanocell OAM mainly responsible for the cellular module, the WLAN module can be managed by existing WLAN OAM

Standardize and Open the interface of WLAN AP and AC

Make the CAPWAP protocol complete and standardize

Outline
Motivation of Nanocell Introduction of Nanocell

Architecture of Nanocell
Key Features and Unsolved Problems Way Forward and Summary

Enhancement of Nanocell for Selected IP Traffic Offload

Internet traffic offload to reduce pressure on backhaul and core network Based on local WLAN architectureachieve the local IP access Access local IP resources such as campus and enterprise local IP server Way to realizebased on NAT and replace the IP address assigned by the cellular network with the IP address assigned by the WLAN

Internet
Nanocell OAM

Server IP2

MME/SGW

WLAN AC

IPSec Tunnel

CAPWAP Tunnel

Nanocell
SrcCellular IP SrcWLAN IP

Dest.IP2

Dest.IP2

Standardization Enhancement of CAPWAP Protocol

Solution Design PrincipleProvide multiple vendor interaction
Internet
PGW/SGW MME Security GW

PGW Assign UE Cellular IP

Assign UE WLAN IP Address

AC

BRAS
IPSec Tunnel

Problems to be Clarified
Local MAC and Split MAC Clarification Encapsulation of EAP in CAPWAP-CTL plane New Elements needed 802.11n support Channel auto reconfiguration Power auto reconfiguration

Switch
Shared Backhaul

Nanocell

WLAN WLAN Cellular

Outline
Motivation of Nanocell Introduction of Nanocell

Architecture of Nanocell
Key Features and Unsolved Problems Way Forward and Summary

Nanocell Whitepaper V1.0 Has Been Released

1. Introduction
Future network vision, Nanocell definition, development stages

2. System Architecture 3. Functional Requirements

3.1 Radio access equipment RF, hardware, SON, Synchronization, airlink security, LIPA 3.2 Network element requirements Requirements on EPC, gateway, AC, OAM, security gateway, WLAN authentication

4. Important Issues
Cost, synchronization, interworking

Summary
Nanocell increase the LTE coverage and capacity
Reduce the interferences between LTE and WLAN The converged architecture of the network to reduce the CAPAX and OPEX

The scenario of Nanocell deployment

WiFi hotspot exist: introduce Nanocell to upgrade the existing AP to provide LTE and WLAN coverage Without WiFi hotspotneed to improve LTE capacity: using Nanocell to build the hierarchical network and using WiFi for offloading Without WiFi hotspotwithout LTE good coverage: using Nanocell to build the WLAN and LTE with low cost

Next Step
Further analysis and improvement on the overall solution Perform TD-LTE Nanocell/Smallcell corporation work and testing