Animals

General Characteristics of Animals

=multi-celled, hetertrophic, eukaryotes =require oxygen for aerobic respiration =reproduce sexually, some asexually =motile at some stage =invertebrates vs vertebrates

a.)
=first animal to exhibit multicellularity =cell aggregates =do not formtrue tissues =assymetrical

Phylum Poriferans (Sponges)

=mostly marines =asexual and sexual reproduction =exhibit alloincompatibility

b.)
=first animal to have true tissues =radially symmetrical

Phylum Cnidaria
=two body plans: polyp and medusa =with nerve nets

=produces cnidae: gives them the ability to sting

c.)
=dorsoventally flattened =first tripoblasic animal =bilateral symmetry =protostomic

Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworm

=free living; parasitic =hermaphroditic =produces sexually and asexually

d.)
=body is round =pseudoceolomate

Phylum Nematodes (Roundworms)

=complete digestive system =free living; parasitic

e.)
=coelomate =3 classes : 1.

Phylum Annelida (Segmented Worms)

Polychaeta = bristles extend from paired, fleshy parapods on each segment

2.

Oligochaeta = no parapodia, few britles for each segment; with clitellum

3. Hirudinea (Leeches) = predatordand parasites; less obvious body segmentation; most have sharp jaws

f.)
=coelomate organisms =hardened exoskeleton =jointed appendages =fused and modified segments 1. Trilobites

Phylum Anthropoda
=specialized sensory structures =division of labor =has the greatest number of species; with 4 number of lineages

2. Chelicerates

3. Crustaceans

4.Uniramians

g.)
=coelomate organisms =bilateral symmetrical =unsegmented

Phylum Molluscs
=have mantle with cavity (modified into gills or lungs) =secretes shell

5 Classes of Phylum Molluscs 1. 2. Class Bivalvia Class Scapophoda 3. 4. Cephalopoda Polycophora 5. Gastropods

h.)
=deutorosomes =adults are radial

Phylum Echinodermata
=body wall has spines or plates =no brain

Examples: Sea Urchins, See Stars, Brittle Stars, Sea Cucumber, Sea Lilies, Feather Stars

i.)
=deutorosome =bilateral symmetry

Phylum Chordates
=presence of notochord, pharyngeal slits, endostyle, dorsal hollow nerve cord, post anal tail

FISHES

Characteristics of Fishes
=has gills for breathing =ectothermic =possess fins =skin with scales (mesodermal) =skeleton may be bony or cartilagenous =dioecious

Class Amphibia
=four limbs =smooth moist skin with glands and chromatopores =by lungs, skin or gills =ectothermic =3 chambered-heart =dioecious

Class Reptilia
=have dry scaly skin =ectothermic =with lungs =dioecious =temperature determines sex

Class Aves (Birds)

=body covered with feathers =legs with scale =no sweat gland but with oil / preen gland at the base of the tail =jaw covered with a horn sheath beak, no teeth =evolve for fight =ossified bones with air cavities =4-chamber heart =endothermic =separate sexes

Class Mamalia
=body covered with hair (some reduced) =sweat, sebaceous mammary glands =4 chamber heart =non nucleated RBCs =endothermic

1.
=w/ hair =suckle their young =lack nipples

Monotremes
=lack external ears =embryo developed in shelled eggs

2.
=born at an early stage, pull themselves at the mothers pouch

Marsupials
=suckle young =males dont have pouch

3.

Eutherian

=young are provided with nutrition through placenta