Lebanese University Faculty of Sciences -I, Hadath Master II Microwave

Antennas and Propagation-MCRO 504 Final exam: Session 2013/2014

I- Radiation of small dipole antenna (4P)

Consider a small dipole antenna, the antenna length is electrically short ( l << ) and the current distribution I can be considered constant along the antenna . 1) Find the far electrical radiation field E(, ) for the following cases: a- The dipole is oriented along the z axis. b- The dipole is oriented along the x axis c- The H plane is any plane that contains the H field. Can we define the H plane for the dipoles on a) and b)?. Same question for the E plane.

II- Radiation of half-wave dipole antenna (5 P)

Consider a z- directed half-wave dipole antenna (l =/2) . The current distribution along the antenna length is assumed to be a standing wave distribution: I(z)=Io.Cos(kz) Uz /4 z /4

a) To study the radiation of the /2-dipole, it can be divided on elementary small dipoles ( dipoles with length dz), demonstrate that the electric field can be expressed as :
cos( cos( )) e jkr 2 E j.60 .I . U sin( ) r

b) c) d) e)

Give the expression of dipole radiation pattern. Draw the shape of elevation and azimuth radiation patterns. Calculate the dipole directivity Calculate the dipole radiation resistance

III- Radiation of dipole antenna array (4P) .

Consider an array of 4 elements, z- directed half wave dipole antenna fed in phase. The distance between two consecutive dipoles is /2. a- Using the E field of elementary dipole (II-a), give the expression of the arrays radiation pattern r(, )

b- Draw the shape of the radiation pattern on the planes yoz and xoy. c- Calculate the arrays directivity by using the approximated formulas D=36000/EH. E is the HPBW in the elevation plane and H is the HPBW in the azimuth plane (in degrees)

IV- Radiation of V reflector antenna (7P)

The antenna array of question III is positioned in front of a 90 corner reflector at a distance d=/2 from the corner, as shown below. The reflecting conducting sheets can be removed and replaced by three image dipoles of alternating signs, as shown

a- Thinking of the equivalent image problem as an array, determine an analytical expression for the radiation pattern r(, ). b- Draw the shape of elevation and azimuth radiation patterns. c- By using the approximate formulas in III.c, calculate the directivity D and compare it with the directivity of the array of half-wave dipoles in the absence of the reflector. d- Suppose that the corner reflector is flattened into a conducting sheet lying on the yoz plane, i.e., the 90 angle between the sheets is replaced by a 180 angle. Repeat parts (ac) in this case

Spherical coordinates