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erOgdEsnexacpSamYy
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Leon Tolstoi
mat ik a
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dwgza mansmaKmenHeT ehIymankicR bCMukgmYyGaTitmg .
10
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sUmelakBinitsareLIgvij ehIycgRkgo:nRtwmRtUvedayGnueRKaH .
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20-4-77 }
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11
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bkSKaMR TsUev[tTaMgRsug .
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k*CaPakgarkaesebreb[b`Edr . kaehSeb:nTakTgCYn mum kalKateTARbCMusnisITRkumRbwkSasniPaB
sklelak .
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nisSitEdleTIbecjBIR sukExrdwknaMeday Guin suPaB nig van BInI :nTamTaromankarpasbrzakdwknaM .
12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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.
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Nantantab . GkxHes{kBakcgRkvatk EtPaKeRcInmansem{kbMBakR salsMrabeTAvisSmkal . Rkum
eyIgEdlRtUveZVIdMeNIrcUlRsukeBlenaHmanKaTaMgGs40nak . taMgBIz17 emsa 1975mk manExr
enAbreTsrabBannakehIy Edl:neZVImatuPUminivtn .
18
munecjdMeNIreyIgRbKlluykaksmar;
GkxHeT[tCIvPaBZUrZas&R KcitlkpHsEm|g
RTB
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karsMercvilRtLbculeTAmatuPUmivijenH
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19
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eZVIdMeNIr4nakEdleKykcitTukdakCaBiessdUcCamanGktMNagsanTUtcinmkCUndMeNIr . kgcMeNam
smaCikTaMg4nakrbsR KYsarenH
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edaysarCmWebHdUg .
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20
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21
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22
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mitPki
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23
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24
ehIyedaymankicsnazaeBleyIgmkdlR sukKatnwgnaMeyIg
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25
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26
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27
28
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30
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enAqayBIKa . bnabBI:nsYrsuxTukR KYsareyIgenAbreTs b)unnI sYr`za etI`manhUb:yo:neBj
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:y`RskTwkmat Katniyay . sUrKatniyaydUecH `GYledImk k*buEn`EdlminTandleBlGt
dUcKat Kitmin:ndleT .
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-ykmkbnicbnc . Gtdwgza RtUvkarGJwg, `eqIy
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31
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mak> EbrCaRsLaMgkaMgrkylminTaneXIj . GkxHBYnyM . KannrNamYyesIcecjeT[teLIy . kumarI
kUn manIra KIrIvat yMTamTareTA:rIsvij . mayxMlYgkUn . h Kwmsag CaBukenAes{m smwgemIleTA
dImindwgzaemc . KatxSwbza KatZa bs<alR beTssg<mniymCaeRcIn ehIyZa benARsukcin RsuksUev[t
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nagenAEtyMTamTareTAenACamYyCIdUnvijdEdl . CIdUnnag elakRsI hYt sm|ti Kat:nsMerccitenA
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ebIkyag hakdUcCaeKcgoeyIgylza sannrkEdleyIgkMBugqgkatenH ebIsinCaeyIgemIleXIjza
32
CasannrkenaH
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33
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34
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35
manninakarxageqVg
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EdlniyayGVITakTgBIGtItkalrbsKateLIy . KateZVIrUbPaBTukdUcCaKatmkBIvN; GZn minEdls<al
CIvitnisSit Zaber[nsUR t . KaeyIgEdlZabs<a lKatBIedIm Kat:nehAeTAR:bkMuoniyayza Zab
s<alKatBIsg<m . KatCasmaCikmCwmbkS. KatzabdivtnkmCael]nCagGal:nI nigcineTAeT[t.
shkarIrbs Pum eQa H exan . eyIgmindwgza KatmaneQa HBitR:kdya gemc ehIymanedImkMeNIt
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pg CaGkTTYlxusRtUvBYkeyIg . eKykGaKarkNa lnviTasanbeckeTseZVICamnIrcatkarCMrMu nigkEng
eKsakenA . eyIgGkmkBIbreTsminGacedIrkatGaKarBYkeKeZVIkarenHedayKankarGnuJat:neT .
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Cabnbnab . cMnYnGacekIneLIgedaysarmanGkeTIbmkdlzIBIbreTs. kgcMeNamGkCabkgmnIrk15enH
maneBT visVkr Gkrdkar Tahan nignisSit .l. PaKeRcInKanninakarneya:yc|aslaseT eK
cUlmkRsukedaysarcgCYbRKYsar edaysarminecHrsenAbreTs . mYyPaKbICaGkKaMR TrNsirSrYbrYm
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cattaMgCaRkumCaBYk . BYkeyIgRtUveKcattaMgtamGayuCaRkum . kgRkumnImYy> mansmaCikRbmaN20
nak . ehIyRkumnImYy>EckCaBYk BI3 eTA7nak .
manRkumdUcteTA ;
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36
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EckCaBIrRkum . TarkGayuticCag3 qaM RtUvsitenAeRkamkarTTYlxusRtUvrbsBYkEmkumar . ekgEdlZM
CagenH KN;mnIr:ncattaMgomanGkTTYlxusRtUvxagvb|Zm( KW:nn&yza bga tbeRg[nkumar . eK
bgatbeRg[nkumarkg1z2emag . eKnaMoelg oer[neRc[gcMer[gbdivtn . eKGbrMminokumareCrKa
eQaHKaeT . CamYyKaenH kgmYyz>kumarRtUveZVIBlkm dUcCae:slagsMGatRTugRCUk o:yRCUk
:yTa daMs saLat eRsacbEn . eKoBYkvamaskar manrgbEn3 rg . kumark*R tUvcUlrYmRbCMuTiet[n
s&VyTiet[nCamYyBYkkumarKa va dUcmnusSZMEdr . sUmbJa kza kumarmanrbbhUbcukRKanebICagmnusSZM .
BYkeK:nbbrxabCagbbrmnusSZM
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GayuelIsBI60qaMeLIgeTA eKminbgMoeZVI
37
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.
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ebI`cgokanEtc|asEzmeT[t .
raRtITI1EdleyIg:nmkenACamYyKaenH eyIg:nbnniyayxSwb>rhUtdlybeRCA . eyIgxitxM
minniyayBIkarlM:kEdleyIgkMBugrsenA . vaminRsYleT eRBaHvaecjmkedaysV&yRbvti. k*buEneyIg
xitxMelIker]gcasenARsukExrBIedIm enARsuk:raMg eBlvakgenAeqrsmuR T zmux eBleyIg:nCYb
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makykEtR:sGayuer[g>xn . eyIgxMniyayyker]gmkkmaciteyIg . enAeRkAyrbggwtsatQwg.
RBwkeLIg b)unnI :nykGavkRtgemA esTug mYymko` . CaGMeNayrbs hIug suxum munnwg
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38
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39
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42
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43
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47
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p,acM: p,acMbIu CHkinyagRkGUb eZVIo`nwkeXIjRsukExrBIedIm .
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48
Edlman
KatR :bza
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esInwgelakRbZanemA . cincgbgMoeyIgcrcasniPaBCamYyshrdGaemrikenAqaM1973
. Etbgbul
49
kMritvb|Zm(R bCaCnExrenATabNas
kmkrPaKeRcInGtecHGkSr . Katniyay
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50
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taMgBIb)unnI nig`er[bkarmk KWCag2qa MmkehIy eTIbEtenAdIR khmenHeTEdlhucOkasoeyIgrsenA
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eyIg:nCYbRbTHnwgkarpa sbrkEngsMNakenACajydgKanGICakMNteT. kalenA:rIs eyIg:nrs
enAEbkKa . mYyzeRkayGaBahBiBah eyIgTaMgBIrnak:neTAsMrakmYyybenAhVgEtnNWbkgsNaKar
NabUeLGug . KWbgrs sarin EdlmanKMniter[bcMreb[benHedIm|ICacMNgdrbsKat . bna bmk b)unnIk*
bnsakenArbsKatenARKwHsan Juliana
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101
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102
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mkdlR twmenH yayPriyataebnLa :nniyaykatsmIrbsbIKat <<`minEdleXIjbIR bBnNa
RsLajKadUckyenHeT . manKUCaeRcInEdl:kEbkKa enAeBlkngeTenH cMENkKUkygvij >>.
eyIg:nrsenACitKatTaMgBIrnakGsry;eBlbIExbueNa H . bna bmkKatR tUveKbJnoeTAbMeBj
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CaedIm. `nwksanzaGkTaMgenaHRtUvkartaebnLanigPriyaedIm|IykKateTAeZVIkarenAEk|rxneK buEneRkaymk
eKdwgza GkTaMgenHRtUveKykeTAsma bminqa ybunanBImnIrb18 .
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ExsIha1977 . zenHZatuGakasekAEhg . enAelIGakasevha eKmineXIjdMuBBksUm|IEttictYc
esaH . bnabBIeBl:yzR tgehIy `edIreTAkanxm`PamedIm|Ieq{teBlenACitb)unnIbnic
cajnwgpHeLIgeT[tehIy . b)unnIbnWeLIg<<bgdwgeTzenHCazxYbkMeNItbgNa!>>.
eRBaHvibtiR Kun
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knyEPk . KatmanTwkmuxRsgUtRsgatniyaybnicbncedIm|IXat`oenAEk|rKatbniceT[t . enAeRkAxm
eNaHvij KanGVIkMerIkesaH
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Ka / >>.
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mkkgxmeyIg .
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103
KatecHEtbnay
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sIugakmkb)unnIvij hakdUcCabga jzaRtUvdUrRbZanbTkgkarCECkKaenH .
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sIupakniyaybnicmunnwgniyaybeJjBIeKalbMNgKatEdlKatmkelgCamYyeyIgeBlenH.
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b)unnIebIgcg:nEmnETn kMucaMyUreBk . bgdwgNaszaCIvitenAeBlenHvaBi:k EtgmanGayuCIvit3 0
qaMehIy . manGayueRcIneBlqgTenGacnwgmankarBi:k .
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104
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105
ekg>TaMgenaHesIcelgenAkgbnbEvgenaH . lacz6mkra
CmWR KuncajnwgmkyayIKateT[tkgeBlbniceT[t
eRs[vRsaj ehIyeLIgkMedAxa Mg .
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EdlCaGkeTAeKgeBTCitKat .
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106
107
RtUvQbCajydgenAkgXa nImYy>
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Katvilmux . sitenAkgsPaBEbbenHehIyKatenAEteq{to`sabeBaHKateBlNaTarkkgeBaHvakMerIk.
<<bgeXIjeT kUneyIgvakMerIkxaMgNas>> b)unnIniyayR:b`ya grMePIy .
emag9RBwk
xummkeGItsYrsuxTukb)unnImunnwgKatbndMeNIreTArkbEn. xumCanarImakEdlman
peBaHEdr . Katrh&srhYnNas .
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sMBt
-ya gemc bgZakTwkePa H / bgmanR:beBTehIyenA /
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108
eKR:b`za
KatecjeTABa:lGkCmWenAb17
enAsg,atGkTTYl
xusRtUv .
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mYyema geRkaymk rMumkdl .
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RsIekgenHsmwgenACJa MgedayGtecjsI . emIleTAKatdUcCakMBugEtKitelIer]gGVImYy. RbEhl
ema g1res[l b)unnIcabepImQWeBaHtic> . mYyema geRkaymkeTIbQWxa Mg . RbEhlema g6lac Kat
QWkanEtjabeLIg> . enAkgxmeyIgmansPaBG)UrGr RsI>EdlmanbTBiesaZn4-5nak kgcMeNamenaH
manBIrnakCaqb . bEnmelIbuK<likeBTsIunigRsIxHeT[t eKGnuJatoenACitb)unnIEdlkMBugQWeBaHkanEt
xaMgeLIg>. `RtUvenAeRkAxmCamYymitPkiepSgeT[trgcaMdMNwg Et`b)unnIzreBlKatQWeBaHmg>. edIm|I
plPaBkkekAdlb)unnI rMu:ncgGRgwgenACitKat . b)unnIGacTTYls,rGMeBABIrsabRBa ykeTAjaMoman
kmaMg . GkenACitR:boKatja M . buEnKatelbminrYc . emag9yb . b)unnIehvkanEtxaMg . KatcgcuHBI
elIERKedIm|IeTAbteCIg . KatEbkejIsCaeRcIn . rMuBinits|nmgeT[t ehIyniyayza <<s|nebIkbnic
ehIy ka haneLIgbg `cakzaMobgmYymledIm|Ios|nebIkrh&s>>.
ema g10yb . s|nebIkGsehIy . rMuniyayza <<`eXIjk|alva>> .b)unnIQWkanEtxaMgeLIg.
<<Rbwg!RbwgTalEtovaecjmk . RbwgoxaMg!
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buEnvaenAKaMgecj
109
rMubEnmza;bgnarI
KatexSayNaseTAehIy . GJwgetIBUsuxcitoeKvHeBaHykkUnecjeT/
-eZVIya gNaeRscEtelIGg<karsMerceTAcuH .
enAkgxmeNaH b)unnIsYrrkrMuehIybgRsIKatk*eqIyza ; KatecjeTAvijehIy.
-emck*KatecjeTAvij /
mak>RkeLkemIlmuxKaeTAvijeTAmk
sakesIrminh)aneqIy.TIbMputRsImakniyayza
mitrMuecjeTA
edIm|IeTArkRbdabR bdasMrabvH .
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eTAehIy sanPaBenAEtdEdl. CYgbnWeLIg edIm|IR :bza dleBleTAeZVIkargarehIy . dUeca Hb)unnI
Kitza <<PWLvehIy>kUnenAEtminTanekItecjmkeT[t . dleBlbniceT[t mit>eKnwgmksYrdMNwg
etI `RtUveqIyeTAeKzaemc/ >>.
ema g5 rMuR tLbmkvij . KatbnWza; emceTAbg enAEtdEdl/ ehIyKatbnPamza RtUvykKat
eTAeBTPam>eLIgkMuoxateBl.
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sMrabkUnEgteTAEdr /
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KanGVITaMgGs . eZVIGJwgCakarq,tmYy... .
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110
EdlkgERKtUcenaH
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kalBImuneBlrMumkkankabkarenA
TIenH . taMgBIeBlrMumkeZVIkarenATIenHsaneTATTYlParkicxagEzTaMkumarCMnYsvij .
sanniyayeTAkanb)unnI ; <<sMrakeTAbg . dkdegImoEvg>ehIyGg,jeCIgeLIg . egIbk|aleLIg.
eZVIGJwgeTA . EjkeCIgTaMgBIr. eZVIGJwgehIylNas. RbwgmgeT[t eT[t! eT[t! CitecjmkehIy.
`eXIjk|alva . skvaexA . RbwgbniceT[tbg>> . sanniyaybeNIr ykeCIgKatTaMgBIrsg,tceg,H
b)unnIbeNIr. <<RbwgoxaMgeT[t xaMgCagmun. eT[t!eT[t! RbwgoxaMgEzmeT[tbg!>> sansakmYydg BIr
dg bIdg R:Mdg. buEnk|alrbsTarkenAsHRtwmRtKakecjminrYc . emag11ehIy . kIsgwmza
TarknwgekItecjmktampvZmCatik*rlay:t . b)unnIzrtic>. muxKatkanEtsaMgeLIg . Katehvht
exSaHkmaMgBIxnrlIg . rMubnWeLIgkgPaBtantwgza <<bg>eXIjehIy eZVIGIk*minekItEdr . manEtpvmag
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buEneKminGacTukbgb)unnIoenAkgsPaBkarNEbbenHeT. ebIvH
oeZVIesckI
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111
el]nEzmeT[t
<<el]neLIg>>
enaH`eTAdlehIy !>>.
niyaybeNIrrMubEnmel|}nkayvikarKat
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snab.
enAeRkARBHGaTitrHeBjTMhwg . emXekAecs sItuNPaBeLIgdleTA3 7GgSar . mnusSmamk
kanEteRcIneLIg . rMueRbIsMLIEdlenAslEtBIrdMu pasbredIm|IdakoCkQamkgeBaHehIy KatykeTA
BUtdUcBUtRkNat
zr emIleTAdUcCaGssgwmEtrMuenAEtskm. <<cakzaMmYymleT[t>>rMuniyaybeNIrerayemSAzaMeBnIsIulIn
elIsamvHmunnwgedrPa b . cakzaMsnbmgeT[t. ema g3 xVH15naTI karvHeBaHykTarkecj :ncbsBV
RKb . rMukMEbgelg <<GU `ePckRnenAkgeBaHKat>>.
mYyema geRkaymkb)unnIdwgxneLIgvij . eKbJkbbrsENkedIm|IoKatmankmaMg . karvHkat
pSgeRBgmYyenH:nTTYleCaKC&y . eyIgTaMgGsKa ZUrcit . muneBlvHkatKannrNamakeC]za nwg
:nsMercenaHeT . bnabmkeKeZVIbuNCbel[gcMeBaHC&yCMnHrbsviZIsaRseBTbdivtn . zVIt|itEtman
kgVHxagsmar; EteKvHkat:nsMerc . KWCaPaBCakEsgmanRbsiTPaBrbsbna tneya:yrbsGg<kar
<<EpkelIkmaMgxng>> .
cMENkmitnarIBIrnak
su:nig
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112
eK:nR:beyIgBImunnUvlkN;pyBIenH .
enAxgCitkJwgkmansamrbYs
EPkKatesIrebIknigesIrbiT . KatQbzrehIy.
XXX
113
l aeh Iy d IR k h m
nalaczTI10kk,da1978 eyIgcabepImemIleTAGnaKtedaysbes{m . b)unnIenA<<mnIreBT>>
CamYy<<kUnga >> enAeLIy EtsuxPaBKat:nRKanebIR KanehIy . KatGtmanRKunekAeT[teT. Katja M
:y:nCaZmta . GkdwknaMCMrMubga jkarykcitTukdakrbseK . rMuEdlCaGkCYyseRg<a HeyIg ehIy
Edl:nbgajnUvsadpalrbsKat :neTAemIlb)unnICaeT[gTat . b)unnIzVIt|itEtKatBMuTanGaccuHBIelI
ERKekIt EtKatGacbMekUnRsId*lrbseyIg:n.mkTleBlenH `enABMuTanmanOkasbIbmkUnRsI`eBjd
enAeLIyeT .
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`:nseg,teXIjedImeQITaMgLayEdlRsBabR seBanedaykMedAzxaMg :nrIkRsseLIgvij eRkayBI:n
TTYlTwkeP{gmYyeCaKmk . ybkanEtexA ggwteLIg>BnichVgGMBilGMEBkeRBagRBathakdUcCaCYybMPWpv
`oeTAkaneKaledA. `eXIjkUnstVsabk*xMehIrecjmk hakdUcCamkCYyEhrhmdMeNIr`nigCYyGbGr
saTrcMeBaHkarrsranmanCIvitCazIrbseyIg . enAmnIreBT `eXIjb)unnI eKgCitlk . kUnRsIeyIg
eKgenAEk|rmay CJkemdsbes{m
tamemIleTAPaBRCYlRcblnkMeNItnagmin:nrMxannagmYy
miteyIgbInak
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114
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:nesIomiteZVIkarenAcRg,an:ycMGinmanBIrsMrabGkdMeNIrTaMgbIykeTAbriePaKtampveBleZVI
CakareR:HRBMmYybNalorukCatitUcZMTaMgLay bWt
tamEmk
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ehIybeJjCap,aG&rKIedmanBN(s
edImvlk*eq{tvarObBakvakv&N
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sJazaCardUveP{ g .
115
dUcCaePgtRnIEdlCa
eKniyaykanEtjwkjabeLIgBIsRg<amenAev[tNam .
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kmaPi:l:nbga jTMnakTmngCamYyeyIgZUrCagmun
smatTaMgGsEdlTakTgeTAnwgkarcatEcgkgsg,atrbseK
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latRtdagkarsmatBIsg,a teK .
naGaTitTI1nExsIhaenH kargareyIgKWR tUvdaMma s . eyIgeTIbEtcabepImkargar:nbnicRsabEt
manburscEmkmakEdllIcbenAsapgecameramedaykmaPi:lbYndbnakmkdl . bursekgenaHmanTwk
muxjjwm ragmaMTaM Gayuya geRcIn20qaM . Es|kselceZa ecjBIBYkeyIgEdlmanEs|kexAedaykMedA
z
bnabBI:nsEmgkarKYrsmCamYyeyIgehIy
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vtmanrbscanenATIenH
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eG[gsarI cabepImykcitTukdakCamYyBYkeyIg .
taMgBIcanmkdl kargareyIgRtUv:nkMNtR twmdbema gkgmYyz . eyIgmansiTisMrakmYyzkg
ral10zmg . GkCmWGacQbsMrakenAxm . BYkkmaPi:lmankarbnrbnyCamYyeyIg CagenHKWeKenA
eZVIkargarkgcMkarCamYyeyIgpalEtmg EdlBImuneKmkeGItRtwmmYyEPt rYcecjeTAvij:tya grh&s.
naeBlbriePaK:yenAerag:y eyIgGacsa bviTpSayecjBIebkaMg . KWedaysarviTenHehIy
EdleyIgdwgza etgs)avBIg :nykC&yCMnHelIR kumbYnnak (Bande des Quatre) Edlman;nwgbdivtn
vb|Zm(rbseK . enARbeTscin eKcabGnuvtnneya:yTMenIbvUbnIykmrbs etg s)avBIg KWbJvn
TTYlnUvesrIPaBeLIgvij ehIyebkaMgRbkanykneya:yebIkcMhenAxageRkARbeTs . dMNwgGsTaMgenH
eZVIo`rIkray . etIxlzIenHbkmkbHelIR beTskmCaEdreT /
zmYyeBl`enAcMkNalcMkar
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ehIyEdl`eXIjGktaenAkgrbbmYy EdlcgkMcatGbiyCMen]TaMgLayEdlekIteLIgtaMgBImunBuTsasna
emH . `hakdUcCamincgeC]nwgEPkTalEtesaH .
116
`:nsnazanwg
buEnedaysarezgbgajcriyaKYrocUlcit
eyIgeZVIdMeNIrtampvdEdlEtTis
buEnenAtampveKKaneXIjGVIeRkABIedImekAs)UEdler[bKa CaCYrRtgPwgenaHeLIy .
eBleyIgeTAdlkaNUt emag6laceTAehIy . enAmatTeneKeXIjet[mcas>BIr -bI ryIkryak
KanTMnij . CJaMgZHZayedaysarRKabkaMePIg . mansamGkSrRkevmRkvamCaExrnigcin EdleKBMuGac
GanekIt . RbEhlCasamrbsmaset[mBImunmk . kalmunqaM1975 kMBgEpenHmanPaBGU)UrGr eday
sarkardwkTMnijcuHeLIgeTATIR kugkMBgcam . ybenHenAeRkamtaramYyhVgEdlnwgzyxnbniceT[t KanGVI
kMerIkesaH . KansemgGVITaMgGs . manEtxlR tCakbkrMePIy>.
GkdMeNIrmancMnYnCag40nak
TahanmYycMnYnmitPkikgCMrMunigrMuEdltamEzh)uyeRBaHKatQWZn.
kaNUt :ncakecjBIkB
M gEp ebIkeTAmuxedayel|}ntic>kgybexA ggwtesIrcakEpkBMuyl . eKBMuGac
117
118
eKminGaceC]er]gTaMgGs
P Me B j eRk am eG og s arI
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119
manmnusSRbmaNCag10nak
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120
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CamYyBt(manrbsrMuEdlza mankar <<e:ssMGat>> EdlKat:nR:beyIgBIlacmiujenAelIkaNUt .
mageT[tenAry;eBlenHkmaPi:lrbsGg<karniyayRcMEdl>dUcKaGMBI eCaKC&yd*ZMeZgeRkamkardwknaM
d*PWsVa grbssmmitbulBt . enAelIkaNUtRKUeBTeyIgKitEtsUR temer[nEdlKateTIbnwgdwg nigecjBI
matrbsrdmRnIkarbreTs . rdmRnIenHGHGagza GMeNIHteTA KatnwgykcitTukdakpalxnGMBIBYkeyIg.
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143
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