The Nations of Genesis 10 and 70 Israelite Souls

Seventy Nations

Introduction
This study was sparked by a note in a study Bible that suggested comparison between the 70 nations of Genesis 10 and the 70 souls of Jacobs loins that formed the nation of Israel in Egypt. The genealogical charts are intended to reflect the groupings that Scripture calls out. The source for historical information relating to each people is almost exclusively Smiths Bible Dictionary , London: John Murray (1865) edition. It would be interesting to someday compare Smiths conclusions with those of other scholars. Name meanings come first from Strongs Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible , then from a later and inferior edition of Smiths (Barbour and Company, 1987) that sometimes provides name meanings where the older version does not. The majority of the time, Smith and Strong seem to agree. Regarding Israelite names, with one exception, Strongs provides a name meaning and Smith was not consulted. Scripture is quoted from the King James Version of the Bible.

In Genesis 10, the chapter leading up to the construction of the Tower of Babel, the LORD lays out the divisions of the nations in meticulous order. They are first divided by three patriarchs, Noahs sons Japheth, Ham, and Shem. From these patriarchs came 70 nations, which provides an interesting contrast to the seventy Israelite souls that founded that nation in Egypt. The first 70 decided to get together to build the Tower of Babel. The later 70 were far from saintly, but they were the family that the LORD chose to bring forth Christ, Who offers salvation for the willing.

The Number 70
Seventy is another combination of two of the perfect numbers, seven and ten . . . the product exhibits the significance of each an in intensified form. Hence, 7 x 10 signifies perfect spiritual order carried out with all spiritual power and significance. Both spirit and order are greatly emphasized. E. W. Bullinger, Number in Scripture See also Ed F. Vallowes Biblical Mathematics: Keys to Scripture Numerics. The number 70 recurs prominently in several places. In Genesis 10, there were 70 nations that came out of Japheth, Ham, and Shem In Exodus 15:27, the Israelites came across 12 wells and 70 palm trees at Elim In Exodus 24:1, there were 70 elders appointed for Israel In Judges 9:56, Abimelech slew 70 of his brethren In Daniel 9:24, 70 weeks are determined on Daniels people Those of the southern kingdom of Judah spent 70 years in captivity in Babylon In Matthew 18:22, Christ told Peter to forgive a brother seventy times seven times In Luke 10:1, in addition to 12 disciples, Christ appointed other 70 also

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Part IThe Nations of Genesis 10

Four Criteria By Which the LORD Divided the Peoples of Genesis 10
The families of Japheth, Ham, and Shem, are subdivided according to four categories. Four is the number of earth. Nearly identical language is used to describe how each was divided, and this language is given at the end of the genealogy of each branch in Genesis 10. By/in lands/countries (the Hebrew word for lands and countries is the same) After his tongue/their tongues After their families In/after their nations

The Hebrew words for these four criteria are: Lands/Countries (776)erets, eh-rets; from an unused root prob. mean. to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land): x common, country, earth, field, ground, land, x nations, way, + wilderness, world. Tongues (3956)lshwn, lawshone; or lshwn, lawshone; also (in plur.) fem. leshnh, lesh-onaw; from 3960; the tongue (of man or animals), used lit. (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and fig. (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame, a cove of water):+babbler, bay, + evil speaker, language, talker, tongue, wedge. Families (4940)mishpchh, mish-paw-khaw; from 8192 [comp. 8198]; a family, i.e. circle of relatives; fig. a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extens. a tribe or people:family, kind(-red). Nations (1471)gwy, goee; rarely (short.) gy, goee; appar. from the same root as 1465 (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation; hence a Gentile; also (fig.) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts:Gentile, heathen, nation, people.

Nuances By Branch
Each branch, Japheth, Ham, and Shem, had at least one unique characteristic.

Japheth
Of the Japhethites, it is said: Gen 10:5 By these were the isles of the Gentiles divided in their lands (776); every one after his tongue (3956), after their families (4940), in their nations (1471).

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Ham
Gen 10:20 These are the sons of Ham, after their families (4940), after their tongues (3956), in their countries (776), and in their nations (1471). As an added item of interest with Ham, the Canaanites are called out for being spread abroad. Not Ham as a whole, but just Canaan and his descendants: Gen 10:18 And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad. The words translated spread and abroad both have more violent connotations than the English would suggest: Spread (6327)pwts, poots; a prim. root; to dash in pieces, lit. or fig. (espec. to disperse):break (dash, shake) in (to) pieces, cast (abroad), disperse (selves), drive, retire, scatter (abroad), spread abroad. Abroad (5310)nphats, naw-fats; a prim. root; to dash to pieces or scatter:be beaten in sunder, break (in pieces), broken, dash (in pieces), cause to be discharged, dispersed, be overspread, scatter. The word afterward seems to be open to interpretation. The rest of the nations were scattered after the fall of the Tower of Babel in the next chapter. Why are the Canaanites identified as having been violently scattered in chapter 10? A question to which this writer does not have the answer. It will be recalled that Canaan was the specific son of Ham on whom Noah pronounced the curse, and not on the rest of them: Gen 9:24 And Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his younger son [Ham] had done unto him. Gen 9:25 And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren. Gen 9:26 And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant. Gen 9:27 God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant. Shem Gen 10:31 These are the sons of Shem, after their families (4940), after their tongues (3956), in their lands (776), after their nations (1471). Shems unique characteristic is that the genealogy lists a segment of the forbears of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, David, and ultimately Christ. This genealogy starts at Shem in Genesis 10 and runs through Peleg. And an interesting occurrence, again open to interpretation, occurs with Peleg and his brother Joktan. The genealogy is briefly interrupted to state:
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Gen 10:25 And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan. Interestingly, Christs lineage drops at Peleg (who is addressed in the next chapter), and the genealogy continues with Joktans sons, who seem to form one of the most prominent kingdoms in the chapter.

Miscellaneous Observations
Two peoples, the Canaanites (of Ham) and the Joktanites (of Shem), are given more detailed treatment than the rest in the genealogies. Smith asserts: But there is one marked peculiarity in the sons of Joktan, which is common to them with the Canaanites alone, that precise geographical limits are assigned to their settlements.

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The Lineages
The Families of Noah As Outlined in Genesis 10

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Japheth

Strong: (3315) expansion Smith: extent Identification: The descendants of Japheth occupied the isles of the Gentiles (Gen. x. 5), i.e. the coast-lands of the Mediterranean Sea in Europe and Asia Minor, whence they spread northwards over the whole continent of Europe and a considerable portion of Asia.

Gomer

Strong: (1586) completion Smith: none Identification: Generally recognized as the progenitor of the early Cimmerians, of the later Cimbri, and the other branches of the Celtic family.

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Ashkenaz

Strong: (813) of for. or. Smith: none Identification: Original seat was undoubtedly in the neighbourhood of Armenia . . . We may probably recognize the tribe of Ashkenaz on the northern shore of Asia Minor . . . and in Europe. Possible relation to Scandinavia and the German race.
Riphath

Strong: (7384) of for. or. Smith: none Identification: The name itself has been variously identified with that of the Rhipean mountains, the river Rhebas in Bithynia, the Rhibii, a people living eastward of the Caspian Sea, and the Ripheans, the ancient name of the Paphlagonians. Smith believes Rhipean mountains, which are identified with the Carpathian range in the N.E. of Dacia, is the correct identification.
Togarmah

Strong: (8425) of for. or. Smith: none Identification: Armenian by geography, Phrygian by ethnicity.

Magog
Strong: (4031) of uncert. der.; also a barbarous northern region Smith: none Identification: The notices of Magog would lead us to fix a northern locality.

Madai
Strong: (4074) of for. der.; a country of central Asia Smith: none Identification: Medes

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Javan

Strong: (3120) effervescing (i.e. hot and active); Javan, the name of a son of Joktan, and of the race (Ionians, i.e. Greeks) descended from him, with their territory; also of a place in Arabia. *Joktan appears to be an error on Strongs part; Joktan was a descendant of Shem, not Japheth (and thus could not be a son of Javan). Smith: none Identification: From a comparison of . . . various passages, there can be no doubt that Javan was representative of the Greek race.
Elishah

Strong: (473) prob. of for. der Smith: firm bond Identification: Josephus identified Elishah with the race of the Aeolians; others equate Elishah in a geographical rather than racial sense with Elis, and in a more extended sense, Peloponnesus, or even Hellas.
Tarshish

Strong: (8659) prob. the same as 8658 (as the region of the stone, or the reverse); Tarshish, a place on the Mediterranean, hence the epithet of a merchant vessel (as if for or from that port); 8658 prob. of for. der. [comp. 8659]; a gem, perh. the topaz Smith: none Identification: Probably Tartessus. A city and emporium of the Phoenicians in the south of Spain.
Kittim

Strong: (3794) patrial from an unused name denoting Cyprus (only in the plur.) Smith: maritime Identification: Geography is Cyprus. In an ethnological point of view, Chittim must be regarded as applying not to the original Phoenician settlers of Cyprus, but to the race which succeeded them; viz.
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the Carians. The Carians were connected with the Leleges, and must be considered as related to the Pelasgic family though quite distinct from the Hellenic branch.
Dodanim

Strong: (1721) a plur. of uncert. der. Smith: none Identification: Regarded as identical with Dardani, who were found in historical times in Illyricum and Troy, with Illyricum probably their original seat. Probably a semi-Pelasgic race. Possible connection with Daunians, who occupied the coast of Apulia.

Tubal
Strong: (8422) prob. of for. der. Smith: to prepare Identification: Josephus identified the descendants of Tubal with Iberians. Not Spaniards, but the inhabitants of a tract of country, between the Caspian and Euxine Seas, which nearly correspond to the modern Georgia. Perhaps once known as powerful hordes of Scythians.

Meshech
Strong: (4902) in the same form as 4901, but prob. of for. der. Smith: drawing out Identification: Perhaps once known as Moschi, on the borders of Colchis and Armenia . . .

Tiras
Strong: (8494) prob. of for. der. Smith: longing Identification: Their precise ethnic position [perhaps Thracians] is indeed involved in great uncertainty; but all authorities agree in their general Indo-European character.

Total nations from Japheth: 14

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Ham

Strong: (2526) hot (from the tropical habitat) Smith: warm Identification: First and foremost, it is important to note this assertion from Smith: It is certain that the three most illustrious Hamite nationsthe Cushites, the Phoenicians, and the Egyptianswere greatly mixed with foreign peoples. He advocates a very strong connection between Ham/Mizraim (which to his mind may be one and the same geographical name connected to the same patriarch) and Egypt. The extent of their territory is unclear. We have been led to the conclusion that the settlements of Cush extended from Babylonia along the shores of the Indian Ocean to Ethiopia above Egypt, and to the supposition that there was an eastern as well as a western Cush. Phut, he says, has always been placed in Africa.

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Cush

Strong: (3568) prob. of for. or.; Cush (or Ethiopia) Smith: none Identification: The Cushites appear to have spread along tracts extending from the higher Nile to the Euphrates and Tigris. Smith asserts that the order in which Cushite names are listed is reflective of the order in which they settled. Cush would stand as the most widely spread of these [Hamite] peoples, extending from Babylon to the upper Nile . . .
Seba

Strong: (5434) of for. or. Smith: none Identification: Seba was a nation in Africa, bordering on or included in Cush, and in Solomons time independent and of political importance. A Shebek or Sabaco was able to conquer Egypt and founded the Ethiopian dynasty which ruled that country as well as Ethiopia. May be associated with the ancient island of Mero, which is/was between the Astaboras, the Athara, and the most northern tributary of the Nile, and the Astapus, the Bahr el-Azrak or Blue River.
Havilah

Strong: (2341) circular; Chavilah, the name of two or three eastern regions Smith: sand Identification: Smith would combine this son of Cush with the son of Joktan (a Shemite) bearing the same name. He asserts that they probably settled in the same country, intermarried, and formed one race. The Cushite people of this name formed the westernmost colony of Cush along the south of Arabia, and the Joktanites were an earlier colonization. It is commonly thought that the district of Khwln, in the Yemen, preserves the trace of this ancient people.

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Sabtah

Strong: (5454) prob. of for. der. Smith: none Identification: There are various opinions on where this group ended up. Sabbatha, Sabota, or Sobotale, metropolis of the Atramitae (probably the Chatramotitae) perhaps point to a trace of the tribe. Sabbatha was an important city with no less than sixty temples. Another opinion places them on the shores of the Arabian Gulf, where Arkirko is/was. Another, Sabtah was at Ceuta opposite Gibraltar and was called Sebtah in Arabic. Another opinion puts Sabtah near the western shore of the Persian Gulf, where there was an island named Sabtah.
Raamah

Strong: (7484) the mane of a horse (as quivering in the wind) Smith: trembling Identification: Of the settlement of Raamah on the shores of the Persian Gulf there are several indications.

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Sheba

Strong: (7614) of for. or. Smith: red Identification: . . . settled somewhere on the shores of the Persian Gulf . . . on the island of Awl (one of the Bahreyn Islands,) are the ruins of an ancient city called Seb. It was this Sheba that carried on the great Indian traffic with Palestine, in conjunction with, as we hold, the other Sheba, son of Jokshan son of Keturah . . .
Dedan

Strong: (1719) of uncert. der. Smith: low country Identification: Dedan was also the name of a descendant of Keturah, and these two peoples may have mixed and gone on to bear the same name, perhaps on the borders of the Persian Gulf. It may be supposed that the Dedanites were among the chief traders traversing the caravan-route from the head of the Persian Gulf to the south of Palestine, bearing merchandise of India, and possibly of southern Arabia. . . . The probable inferences from these mentions of Dedan are 1. That Dedan, son of Raamah, settled on the shores of the Persian Gulf, and his descendants became caravanmerchants between that coast and Palestine. 2. That Jokshan, or a son of Jokshan, by intermarriage with the Cushite Dedan formed a tribe of the same name, which appears to have had its chief settlement in the borders of Idumea, and perhaps to have led a pastoral life. A native indication of the name is presumed to exist in the island of Ddan, on the borders of the gulf.
Sabtechah

Strong: (5455) prob. of for. der. Smith: none Identification: Settlements were probably located near the Persian Gulf. They have not been identified satisfactorily. Bochart compares Sabtechah with the city of Samydace of Steph. Byz.
Nimrod*

Strong: 5248 prob. of for. or. Smith: the extremely impious rebel Identification: *At the beginning of this study are listed four lawful criteria by which the LORD laid out the nationsby country, tongue, family, and nation. The story of Nimrod is offered up almost as an aside and separate from the genealogies in Genesis 10, in this writers opinion because he did not follow these lawful criteria. Although he is identified as a son of Cush, instead of abiding by the natural order that the rest of the nations did, at least initially, he conquered kingdoms. As such, he is not numbered as a patriarch of any of the 70 nations in this study (again, this writers opinion). Nimrod was the founder by conquest and not by right of the kingdoms (Babylon and Assyria) who would carry the Israelites into captivity. It is widely believed that the phrase mighty hunter before the LORD in Genesis 10:9 meant a mighty
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hunter against the LORD or in defiance of Him. Gen 10:8 And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth. Gen 10:9 He was a mighty hunter before the LORD : wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the LORD . Gen 10:10 And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. Gen 10:11 Out of that land went forth Asshur*, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah, Gen 10:12 And Resen between Nineveh and Calah: the same is a great city.
* Should be translated that Nimrod went forth into, or invaded, Asshur .
Nimrods Kingdoms and Cities

Again, these were conquered kingdoms and built cities that did not comply with the LORD s natural order. Babel - Built on both sides of the Euphrates River, a vast square, 56 miles in circuit. The capital of Shinar. Erech - In Shinar. Now Irak, 43 miles east of Babylon. Accad - In Shinar, located 9 miles east of the Tigris. Calneh - On the east bank of the Tigris, opposite Seleucia. Ctesiphon, 200 miles below Nineveh, 20 below Bagdad, 6 north of Babel. Shinar - Ancient name of Chalda and Babylonia. Asshur - Assyria. Nineveh - The ancient capital of Assyria. Rehoboth - An Assyrian city founded by Nimrod, perhaps forming one of four quarters consisting of Nineveh, Rehoboth, Calah, and Resen. Calah - One of the most ancient cities of Assyria, where Shalmaneser carried Israel captive. Perhaps once the capital. Resen - Was located somewhere between Calah and Nineveh.

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Mizraim

Strong: (4714) the same as 4692 in the sense of a limit; 4692 something hemming in, i.e. (obj.) a mound (of besiegers), (abstr.) a siege, (fig.) distress; or (subj.) a fastness Smith: the two Egypts Identification: Mizraim would be next [after Cush] to the north, embracing Egypt and its colonies on the north-west and north-east.
Ludim

Strong: (3866) prob. of for. der.; the name of two nations, Lud (Lud and Lydia) Smith: none Identification: . . . it is probable that the Ludim were settled to the west of Egypt, perhaps further than any Mizraite tribe. Also, It must be recollected that it is reasonable to connect the Shemite Lud with the Lydians, and that at the time of the prophets by whom Lud and the Ludim are mentioned, the Lydian kingdom generally or always included the more western part of Asia Minor, so that the terms Lud and Ludim might well apply to the Ionian and Carian mercenaries drawn from this territory.
Anamim

Strong: (6047) as if plur. of some Eg. word Smith: none Identification: Nothing certain is known of them. Judging from the position of the other Mizraite peoples, this one probably occupied some part of Egypt, or of the adjoining region of Africa, or possibly of the south-west of Palestine.
Lehabim

Strong: (3853) flames Smith: none Identification: There can be no doubt that they are the same as the ReBU or LeBU of the Egyptian
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inscriptions, and that from them Lybia and the Lybians derived their name.
Naphtuhim

Strong: (5320) plur. of for. or.; Naphtuchim, an Eg. tribe Smith: none Identification: Probably settled in Egypt or immediately to the west of it. In Coptic the city Marea and the neighbouring territory is called niphaiat or niphaiad. Perhaps but not certainly connected with a nation or confederacy of tribes conquered by the Egyptians and known as the Nine Bows, spelled Naphit or NA-PETU.
Pathrusim

Strong: (6625) of Eg. der.; Pathros, a part of Egypt Smith: none Identification: . . . [T]hey might be supposed to have settled in Lower Egypt, or the more northern part of Upper Egypt. It seems, if the order be geographical, as there is reason to suppose, that it is to be inferred that the Pathrusim were seated in Lower Egypt, or not much above it, unless there by any transpostion.
Casluhim

Strong: (3695) a plur. prob. of for. der.; Casluchim, a people cognate to the Eg. Smith: none Identification: Probable that they were seated in Upper Egypt. The LXX seems to identify them with the Chashmannm of Ps. lxviii. 31 (A. V. prince). Perhaps a connection to the Colchians, who were said to be an Egyptian colony. Or to the inhabitants of Cassiotis.
Philistim

Strong: (6430) rolling, i.e. migratory; Pelesheth, a region of Syria; translations connect them to the Philistines, Philistia, and Palestine Smith: none Identification: There is uncertainty over any connection between Philisim and the Philistines. The Bible identifies the Philistim as Hamitic from Casluhim, and the Philistines are said to have spoken at Shemitic tongue. Smiths contains no separate entry on Philistim.
Caphtorim

Strong: (3732) appar. the same as 3730; Caphtor (i.e. a wreath-shaped island), the original seat of the Philistines; 3730 prob. from an unused root mean. to encircle; a chaplet; but used only in the architectonic sense, i.e. the capital of a column, or a wreath-like button or disk on the candelabrum Smith: none Identification: They settled in Egypt or near to it in Africa; probably Upper Egypt.

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Phut
Strong: (6316) of for. or.; Put, a son of Ham, also the name of his descendants or their region, and of a Persian tribe Smith: none Identification: Phut as dependent on Egypt might follow Mizraim.

Canaan

Strong: (3667) humiliated Smith: lower country Identification: The progenitor of the Phoenicians (Zidon), and of the various nations who before the Israelite conquest peopled the sea-coast of Palestine, and generally the whole of the country westward of the Jordan . . . Also, Canaan he would place on the northernmost end on the list of Hams four sons. That the Canaanites were from the beginning a special portion of Ham, in a negative sense, is evident in Noahs curse on Canaan: Gen 9:24 And Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his younger son had done unto him. Gen 9:25 And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren. Gen 9:26 And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant. Gen 9:27 God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant. Again in Genesis 10:18, they are specially called out: . . . and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad. As stated earlier, Smith asserts: But there is one marked peculiarity in the sons of Joktan, which is common to them with the Canaanites alone, that precise geographical limits are assigned to their settlements.

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The Canaanites are the specific branch of Hamites that the LORD instructed the ancient Israelites to completely and utterly destroy (see Deuteronomy 20:17 and other places). Although they failed to follow through with that command (see the first two chapters of Judges), Canaanite names generally do not persist past the Israelite conquest.
Sidon

Strong: (6721) fishery; Tsidon, the name of a son of Canaan and of a place in Pal. Smith: fishing Identification: No information on modern ethnicity. The Greek form of the Phoenician name Zidon. As such it occurs naturally in the N.T. and Apocrypha of the Auth. Version; and the O.T. (Gen. x. 15, 19).
Heth

Strong: (2845) terror Smith: terror Identification: No information on modern ethnicity. Forefather of the Hittites.
Jebusite

Strong: (2983) trodden, i.e. threshing-place Smith: none Identification: No information on modern ethnicity. Though the Jebusite is the third son of Canaan, he is uniformly placed last in Smiths formula, by which the Promised Land is so often designated. . . A mountain-tribe they were, and a mountain-tribe they remained. One more mention of them after the conquest of Canaan, in Araunah the Jebusite, on whose floor Gad commanded David to rear an altar to the LORD . [Note: Both Judah and Benjamin failed to drive out the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem. See Joshua 15:63 and Judges 1:21.]
Amorite

Strong: (567) a mountaineer Smith: mountaineers Identification: No information on modern ethnicity. As dwelling on the elevated portions of the country, they are contrasted with the Canaanites, who were the dwellers in the lowlands, and the two thus formed the main broad divisions of the Holy Land. The Hittite, and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, dwell in the mountain [of Judah and Ephraim], and the Canaanite dwells by the sea [the lowlands of Philistia and Sharon] and by the side of Jordan [in the valley of Arabahwas the first report of the Israelites who entered the country . . . See Numbers 13:29. From the very earliest times, they were occupying the barren heights west of the Dead Sea . . . at a place later known as En-gedi. From there they stretched west to Hebron, where Abram was then dwelling under the oakgrove of the three brothers, Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre. That was their ancient seat, from whence they may have crossed the valley of the Jordan. Sihon, one of their kings, had taken the rich pasturePage 19 of 43

land south of the Jabbok, and had driven the Moabites, its former possessors, across the wide chasm of the Arnon, which subsequently formed the boundary between the two hostile peoples. This rich tract, bounded by the Jabbok on the north, the Arnon on the south, Jordan on the weast, and the wilderness on the east . . . was, perhaps, in the most special sense the land of the Amorites . . . but their possessions are distinctly stated to have extended to the very foot of Hermon . . . embracing all Gilead and all Bashan, with the Jordan valley on the east of the river . . . and forming together the land of the two kings of the Amorites, Sihon and Og. Last encounters with Amorites involved them disputing with Joshua the conquest of the west country. Nothing on them chronologically after the conquest of Canaan.
Girgasite

Strong: (1622) patrial from an unused name [of uncert. der.] Smith: none Identification: No information on ethnicity. May have settled on the east side of the Sea of Galilee.
Hivite

Strong: (2340) a villager; a Chivvite, one of the aboriginal tribes of Pal. Smith: none Identification: No information on modern ethnicity. Hivites not mentioned in earliest lists of Canaanites; first mention in connection with Jacob and Hamor the Hivite. They were at this time, to judge of them by their rulers, a warm and impetuous people, credulous and easily deceived by the crafty and cruel sons of Jacob. The narrative further exhibits them as peaceful and commercial . . . & also into trade, acquiring possessions of cattle and other wealth. Next heard of in Joshua at the conquest of Canaan, with a different character. They are still evidently averse to fighting, but they have acquiredpossibly by long experience in traffican amount of craft which they did not before possess, and which enables them to turn the tables on the Israelites in a highly successful manner. See Joshua 9, where they are alternately called Gibeonites and Hivites and deceive Joshua, thus avoiding the extinction commanded for them. [Disagree with Smith on the time of Jacobone of them defiled Dinah.]
Arkite

Strong: (6208) patrial from an unused name mean. a tush Smith: none Identification: No information on modern ethnicity. Evidently located in the north of Phoenicia. The name is found in Pliny and Ptolemy, and from Aelius Lampridius we learn that the Urbe Arcena contained a temple dedicated to Alexander the Great. It was the birthplace of Alexander Severus, and was thence called Caesarea Libani. The site which now bears the name Arka lies on the coast, 2 to 2 hours from the shore, about 12 miles north of Tripoli, and 5 south of the Nahr el-Khebir. A rocky tell rises to the height of 100 feet close above the Nahr Arka; on the top of this is an area of about two acres, on chich and on a plateau to the north the ruins of the former town are scattered.

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Sinite

Strong: (5513) from an otherwise unknown name of a man Smith: none Identification: A tribe of Canaanites . . . whose position is to be sought for in the northern part of the Lebanon district. Various localities in the area bear name semblances, such as Sinna, a mountain fortress mentioned by Strabo; Sinum or Sini, the ruins of which existed in the time of Jerome; Syn, a village mentioned in the 15th century as near the river Arca; and Dunniyeh, a district near Tripoli. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan give Orthosia, a town on the coast to the north-east of Tripolis.
Arvadite

Strong: (721) a refuge for the roving; Arvad, an island-city of Pal. Smith: none Identification: A place in Phoenicia, the men of which are named in close connection with those of Zidon as the navigators and defenders of the ships of Tyre in Ez. xxvii. 8, 11. There is . . . no doubt that Arvad is the island of Ruad, which lies off Tortosa (Tartus), 2 or 3 miles from the Phoenician coast, some distance abot the mouth of the river Eleutherus, now the Nahr el-Kebir. The island is high and rocky, but very small, hardly a mile in circumference.
Zemarite

Strong: (6786) patrial from an unused name of a place in Pal. Smith: none Identification: Nothing known for certain about them. Old interpreters place them at Emessa, the modern Hums. Other suggested locations at Sumra (the Simyra of the classical geographers), perhaps attached to the ruins near Arka on the west coast of Syria 10 or 11 miles above Tripoli; perhaps Kobbet oum Shoumra, between Arka and the Mediterranean.
Hamathite

Strong: (2577) walled; Hamath, a place in Syria Smith: to defend Identification: Hamath appears to have been the principal city of Upper Syria from the time of the Exodus to that of the prophet Amos. . . . It was situated in the valley of Orontes, about half way between its source near Baalbek, and the bend which it makes at Jisr-hadid. It thus naturally commanded the whole of the Orontes valley, from the low screen of hills which forms the watershed between the Orontes and the Litnythe entrance of Hemath, as it is called in Scripture . . . to the defile of Daphne below Antioch; and this tract appears to have formed the kingdom of Hamath, during the time of its independence. Must be regarded as closely akin to the Hittites on whom they bordered, and with whom they were generally in alliance. Nothing appears of the power of Hamath until the time of David. Solomon built store-cities in Hamath, and perhaps these were staples for trade. In Syrian inscriptions around Ahabs reign, Hamath appears as its own power in alliance with the Syrians of Damascus, the Hittites, and the Phoenicians. About 75 years later, Jeroboam recovered Hamath. The Assyrians took it soon afterward & it ceased to be a place of much importance from that time.
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Total nations from Ham: 30

Shem

Strong: (8035) name Smith: none Identification: The portion of the earth occupied by the descendants of Shem . . . intersects the portions of Japheth and Ham, and stretches in an uninterrupted line from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean. Beginning at its north-western extremity with Lydia, it includes Syria (Aram), Chaldea (Arphaxad), parts of Assyria (Asshur), of Persia (Elam), and of the Arabian Peninsula (Joktan).

Elam
Strong: (5867) hidden, i.e. distant Smith: none Identification: The Elam of Scripture appears to be the province lying south of Assyria and east of Persia Proper, to which Herodotus gives the name of Cissia . . . and which is termed Susis or Susianna by the geographers. It includes a portion of the mountainous country separating between the Mesopotamian plain and the high table-land of Iran, together with a fertile and valuable low tract at the foot of the range, between it and the Tigris. Originally peopled by descendants of Shem, closely allied to the Aramaeans (Syrians) and the Assyrians; by the time of Abraham, a very important power had built up in the same region (Genesis 14:1-12). At this time, and only for a short time, Elam was the predominant power in Lower Mesopotamia. Toward the end of the Assyrian period she was found allied with Babylon, and her strength declined after the Assyrian Empire was destroyed. It is uncertain at what time the Persians added Elam to their empire. Possibly only fell under their dominion together with Babylon; also possible they may have revolted and joined the Persians before the city was besieged. Elam merged with the Persian Empire, becoming a distinct satrapy. Susa, her capital, was made the ordinary residence of the court, and the metropolis of the whole empire.

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Asshur
Strong: (804) appar. from 833 (in the sense of successful); 833 a prim. root; to be straight (used in the widest sense, espec. to be level, right, happy); fig. to go forward, be honest, prosper Smith: none Identification: A great and powerful country that lay on the Tigris . . . the capital of which was Nineveh. It derived its name apparently from Asshur, the son of Shem . . . who in later times was worshipped by the Assyrians as their chief god. Boundaries differed greatly at different periods. They were a Shemitic race, originally resident in Babylonia (which at the time was Cushite). Had much in common culturally with the Babylonians. Art was unique. Barbarian by many standards: Their government was rude and inartificial; their religion was coarse and sensual; their conduct of war cruel; even their art materialistic and so debasing; they had served their purpose when they had prepared the East for centralised government, and been Gods scourge to punish the people of Israel (Is. x. 56); they were, therefore, swept away to allow the rise of that Aryan race which, with less appreciation of art, was to introduce into Western Asia a more spiritual form of religion, a better treatment of captives, and a superior governmental organization. Arphaxad

Strong: (775) prob. of for. or. Smith: region of the Chasidim Identification: An ancestor of Eber. Name perhaps preserved in the province Arrapachitis in northern Assyria. Ewald interprets it the stronghold of the Chaldees.
Salah

Strong: (7974) a missle of attack, i.e. spear; also (fig.) a shoot of growth, i.e. branch Smith: extension Identification: The name is significant of extension. It thus seems to imply the historical fact of the gradual extension of a branch of the Shemitic race from its original seat in Northern Assyria towards
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the river Euphrates.

Eber

Strong: (5677) prop. a region across; but used only adv. (with or without a prep.) on the opposite side (espec. of the Jordan; usually mean. the east) Smith: beyond Identification: No information on ethnicity.
Peleg

(son of Eber and ancestor of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob/Israel, and Christ - Luke 3:35) Strong: (6389) earthquake Smith: division Identification: Pelegs name means division and refers to a division of the family of Eber himself, the younger branch of whom (the Joktanids) migrated into southern Arabia, while the elder remained in Mesopotamia.
Joktan

The underlying assumption with Joktan and all of his descendants is that they were a southern Arabian people.

Strong: (3355) he will be made little; Joktan, an Arabian patriarch Smith: made small Identification: Joktan was the father of the Joktanite Arabs. Scholars are agreed in placing the settlements of Joktan in the south of the [Arabian] peninsula. From the entry on Sheba, one of Joktans descendants: It has been shown in ARABIA and other articles, that the Joktanites were among the early colonists of southern Arabia, and that the kingdom which they there founded was, for many centuries, called the kingdom of Sheba, after one of the sons of Joktan. They appear to have been preceded by an aboriginal race, which the Arabian historians describe as a people of gigantic stature.

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Almodad

Strong: (486) prob. of for. der. Smith: none Identification: Progenitor of an Arabian tribe. His settlements must be looked for, in common with those of the other descendants of Joktan, in the Arabian peninsula; and his name appears to be preserved in that of Mudd, a famous personage in Arabian history, the reputed father of Ishmaels Arab wife, and the chief of the Joktanite tribe Jurham.
Sheleph

Strong: (8026) extract Smith: partridge chick Identification: The tribe which sprung from him has been satisfactorily identified, both in modern and classical times; as well as the district of the Yemen named after him. Associated with the district of Sulaf, apparently the same as Niebuhrs Slfie, written in his map Selfia. There is/was also a tribe of Shelif or Shulaf.
Hazarmaveth

Strong: (2700) village of death; Chatsarmaveth, a place in Arabia Smith: none Identification: The name is preserved, almost literally, in the Arabic Hadramut and Hadrumut, and the appellation of a province and an ancient people of Southern Arabia. The province of Hadramwt is situate east of the modern Yemen. Its capital is Satham, a very ancient city . . .
Jerah

Strong: (3392) a lunation, i.e. month; an Arabian patriarch Smith: new moon Identification: Progenitor of a tribe in southern Arabia. Not satisfactorily identified with the name of any Arabian place or tribe, though a fortress names Yerkh is mentioned as belonging to the district of the Nijjd, which is in Mahreh, at the extremity of the Yemen. Another possible identity based on Jerahs name meaning of the moon: descendants possibly in the Alilaei, a people dwelling near the Red Sea.
Hadoram

Strong: (1913) prob. of for. der. Smith: none Identification: His settlements, unlike those of many of Joktans sons, have not been identified.
Uzal

Strong: (187) of uncert. der. Smith: wanderer Identification: Settlements clearly traced in the ancient name of San, the capital city of the Yemen, which was originally Awzl. It has disputed the right to be the chief city of the kingdom of Sheba from the earliest ages of which any traditions have come down to us. Centered in the best portion
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of that kingdom and was probably always an important city. May have been a walled town, situate in an elevated country, in lat. 15 N 2', and with a stream (after heavy rains) running through it. It has a citadel on the site of a famous temple. Houses and palaces of San were finer than those of any other town in Arabia and possessed many mosques, public baths, and caravanserais. Uzal or Awzl is probably the same as the Auzara or Ausara of the classics.
Diklah

Strong: (1853) of for. or.; Diklah, a region of Arabia; Smith: palm-tree Identification: The name in Hebrew signifies a palm-tree, hence it is thought that Diklah is a part of Arabia containing many palm-trees. Some scholars refer to the descendants of Diklah to the Minaei, a people of Arabia Felix inhabiting a palmiferous country. No trace of Diklah known in Arabic works, except mention of a place called Dakalah in El-Yemneh, with many palm-trees. Nakleh also signifies a palm-tree, and is the name of many places, notably Nakleh El-Yemnaeyah and Nakleh eshShmaeyah, which are in close proximity. Conclusion: Diklah probably referred either to Dakalah or one of the towns named Nakleh.
Obal

Strong: (5745) of for. der. Smith: bare district Identification: Arab tribe, not yet identified. Listed as Ebal in Joktans genealogy in I Chronicles 1:22, and it has been compared to Avalitae and the Gebanitae. [Note: Mt. Ebal was the site of a number of important events in the Old Testament and is the partial subject of a separate study.]
Abimael

Strong: (39) father of Mael (appar. some Arab tribe) Smith: father of Mael Identification: No information other than that he was probably the progenitor of an Arab tribe.
Sheba

Strong: (7614) of for. or.; Sheba, the name of three early progenitors of tribes and of an Ethiopian district Smith: red Identification: It has been shown in ARABIA and other articles, that the Joktanites were among the early colonists of southern Arabia, and that the kingdom which they there founded was, for many centuries, called the kingdom of Sheba, after one of the sons of Joktan. They appear to have been preceded by an aboriginal race, which the Arabian historians describe as a people of gigantic stature. But besides these extinct tribes, thee are the evidences of Cushite settlers, who probably preceded the Joktanites. Sheba seems to have been the name of the great southern Arabian kingdom and the peoples which composed it, until that of Himyer took its place in later times. Much obscurity remains on this point. The kingdom and its people perhaps received the name of Sheba (Arabic, Seb), but that its chief and sometimes reigning family or tribe was that of Himyer. One source (the
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Kmoos) states, the name of Seb comprises the tribes of Yemen in common. Himyer means the Red Man, and Seb probably did too. We have assumed the identity of the Arabic Seb with Sheba. The pl. form sebm corresponds with the Greek and the Latin Sabaei. The Joktanite Sheba recurs in the Bible, as a kingdom, in the account of the visit of the queen of Sheba to king Solomon. That the queen was of Sheba in Arabia, and not of Seba the Cushite kingdom of Ethiopia, is unquestionable. As to land, The kingdom of Sheba embraced the greater part of the Yemen, or Arabia Felix. Its chief cities, and probably successive capitals, were Seba, San (UZAL ), and Zafr (SEPHAR ). Seba was probably the name of the city, and generally of the country and nation. . . but information from Arab sources is conflicting. Near Seb was the famous Dyke of El-Arim, which stored water for the inhabitants and guarded against mountain torrents. Its rupture was a great event in Arab history and marks the dispersion in the 2nd century of the Joktanite tribes. Some suggestion of connection with Sabaeans, but Smith says theres much more evidence to be investigated before accepting this claim.
Ophir

Strong: (211) of uncert. deriv.; Ophir, the name of a son of Joktan, and of a gold region in the East Smith: dustred dust? Identification: But there is one marked peculiarity in the sons of Joktan, which is common to them with the Canaanites alone, that precise geographical limits are assigned to their settlements. Following that logic, Ophir must have been a place in southern Arabia. Possible name meanings are fruitful region and red.
Havilah

Strong: (2341) circular; Chavilah, the name of two or three eastern regions Smith: sand Identification: Smith would combine this son of Cush with the son of Joktan bearing the same name. He asserts that they probably settled in the same country, intermarried, and formed one race. The Cushite people of this name formed the westernmost colony of Cush along the south of Arabia, and the Joktanites were an earlier colonization. It is commonly thought that the district of Khwln, in the Yemen, preserves the trace of this ancient people.
Jobab

Strong: (3103) howler Smith: howling Identification: His name has not been discovered among the Arab names of the places in Southern Arabia, where he ought to be found with the other sons of Joktan. Lud Strong: (3865) prob. of for. der.; the name of two nations, Lud (Lud and Lydia) Smith: none Identification: Perhaps the ancestor of the Lydians . . . and thus represented by the Lydus of their mythical period. Egyptian monuments from thirteenth to fifteenth centuries B .C . a powerful people called Ruten or Luden, probably seated near Mesopotamia, and apparently north of Palestine, whom
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some, however, make the Assyrians. From the entry on the Hamitic Ludim: . . . it is probable that the Ludim were settled to the west of Egypt, perhaps further than any Mizraite tribe. Also, It must be recollected that it is reasonable to connect the Shemite Lud with the Lydians, and that at the time of the prophets by whom Lud and the Ludim are mentioned, the Lydian kingdom generally or always included the more western part of Asia Minor, so that the terms Lud and Ludim might well apply to the Ionian and Carian mercenaries drawn from this territory. Aram

Strong: (758) the highland; Aram or Syria, and its inhabitants Smith: height Identification: The name is also the base of Ramah, the name by which the Hebrews designated, generally, the country lying to the north-east of Palestine; the great mass of that high table-land which, rising with sudden abruptness from the Jordan and the very margin of the lake of Gennesareth, stretches, at an elevation of no less than 2000 feet above the sea, to the banks of the Euphrates itself, contrasting strongly with the low-land bordering on the Mediterranean, the land of Canaan, or the low country. Name is almost universally translated Syria, but it is important to remember that Syria means more to us now than Aram would have to Hebrews back then. Padan was another designation for the same region. Later in history, we meet with a number of small nations and kingdoms forming parts of the general land of Aram. Aram-Zobah (or just Zobah), Aram-beth-rehob (or just Rehob), Aram-Maachah (or just Maachah), Gesher (in Aram and usually named in connection with Maachah), and Aram-Dammesek (Damascus). The whole of these petty states are spoken of collectively under the name of Aram . . . but as Damascus increased in importance, it gradually absorbed the smaller powers . . . and the name of Aram was at last applied to it alone . . . . According to the genealogical table in Genesis x., Aram was a son of Shem, and his brethren were Elam, Asshur, and Arphaxad. It will be observed that these names occur in regular order from the east, Aram closing the list on the borders of the western sea. In three passages Aram would seem to denote Assyria. . . . (II Kings 18:26, Isaiah 36:11, and Jeremiah 35:11).

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Uz

Strong: (5780) consultation; Uts, a son of Aram, also a Seirite, and the regions settled by them Smith: none Identification: The following are all called Uz at some point: 1. A son of Aram 2. A son of Nahor by Milcah 3. A son of Dishan, and grandson of Seir 4. The country in which Job lived. . . . [I]t may be fairly surmised that the coincidence of names in the above cases is not accidental, but pints to a fusion of various branches of the Shemitic race in a certain locality. It was probably located east or southeast of Palestine, adjacent to the Sabaeans and the Chaldaeans & consequently northward of the southern Arabians, westward of the Euphrates, and adjacent to the Edomites of Mount Seir, who at one period occupied Uz, probably as conquerors, and whose troglodyte habits were probably described in Job 30:67. Uz corresponds to the Arabia Deserta of classical geography, at all evens to so much of it as lies north of the 30th parallel of latitude. Whether the name of Uz survived to classical times is uncertain; a tribe named Aesitae is mentioned by Ptolemy: this Bochart identifies with the Uz of Scripture.
Hul

Strong: (2343) a circle Smith: region Identification: The geographical position of the people whom he represents is not well decided. The strongest evidence is in favour of the district about the roots of Lebanon.
Gether

Strong: (1666) of uncert. der. Smith: fear Identification: No satisfactory trace of the people sprung from this stock has been found.
Mash

Strong: (4851) of for. der. Smith: none Identification: Connected with Mesene in lower Babylonia, on the shores of the Persian Gulf (Josephus); or represented by the Mons Masius of classical writers, a range which forms the northern boundary of Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates; or connected with Mysia (Smith discounts Mysia as improbable).

Total nations from Shem: 26

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Grand total: 14 nations of Japheth + 30 nations of Ham + 26 nations of Shem = 70 nations

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Part II - The Seventy Souls of Jacobs Loins

And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy souls... Exodus 1:5 Thy fathers went down into Egypt with threescore and ten persons; and now the LORD thy God hath made thee as the stars of heaven for multitude. Deuteronomy 10:22

Introduction
The seventy nations of Genesis 10 attempted to amalgamate at the Tower of Babel. They seem to have been almost a prelude of a smaller set of seventy souls who would form the Israelite nation in Egypt. This nation of seventy souls would bring forth Christ, Who offered salvation to all nations. Some would point out a discrepancy between the above verses and Acts 7:14, which seems to suggest 75 souls went into Egypt and formed the Israelite nation. Act 7:14 Then sent Joseph, and called his father Jacob to him, and all his kindred, threescore and fifteen souls. The discrepancy is easily explained by the number called not matching the number who went. In addition, Joseph and his two sons were already in Egypt.

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As Smith does not go into detail trying to identify with much precision the natures and identities of the Israelite peoples in later eras, neither does this study. The Bible itself and the map below that shows the tribal settlements after the conquest of Canaan will suffice to describe the Israelite peoples.

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Jacob

1. Jacob (3290) heel-catcher (i.e. supplanter)

It is worth noting that there seems to be some confusion as to whether to count Jacob in the seventy or not. Exodus 1:5 would suggest that he not be counted, while Deuteronomy 10:22 would suggest he be included. Some have argued that Jochebed, who was born to Levi in Egypt and would not have been born at the time that the genealogy was written in Genesis 46, constitutes the thirty-third soul. In this writers opinion, we are looking at a perfect picture of the seedling nation Israel if we include its patriarch, and the study will proceed with this assumption. Jochebed is not the only descendant listed as being born in Egypt, though as a direct daughter of Levi, she is the only first-generation soul listed as being born in Egypt (aside from Manasseh and Ephraim). See Numbers 26:59.

Total souls from Isaac (Jacobs father): 1

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Reuben

2. Reuben (son of Jacob) (7205) see ye a son 3. Hanoch (son of Reuben) (2585) initiated 4. Phallu (son of Reuben) (6396) distinguished 5. Hezron (son of Reuben) (2696) court-yard 6. Carmi (son of Reuben) (3756) gardener

Total souls from Reuben: 5

Simeon

7. Simeon (son of Jacob) (8095) hearing 8. Jemuel (son of Simeon) (3223) day of God 9. Jamin (son of Simeon) (3226) the right hand or side (leg, eye) of a person or other object (as the stronger and more dexterous) 10. Ohad (son of Simeon) (161) unity 11. Jachin (son of Simeon) (3199) he (or it) will establish
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12. Zohar (son of Simeon) (6714) whiteness 13. Shaul (son of Simeon and a Canaanitish woman) (7586) asked

Total souls from Simeon: 7

Levi

14. Levi (son of Jacob) (3878) attached 15. Gershon (son of Levi) (1648) a refugee 16. Kohath (son of Levi) (6955) allied 17. Merari (son of Levi) (4847) bitter
(Some would add Jochebed, daughter of Levi, here, and substitute her for Jacob. One can redo the math if he or she chooses this opinion. Jochebed (3115) means Yahveh-gloried. She was the mother of Moses. See Exodus 6:20.)

Total souls from Levi: 4

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Judah

18. Judah (son of Jacob) (3063) celebrated 19. Shelah (son of Judah) (7956) request 20. Pharez (son of Judah and Tamar) (6557) a break (lit. or fig.) 21. Zarah (son of Judah and Tamar) (2226) a rising of light 22. Hezron (son of Pharez) (2696) court-yard 23. Hamul (son of Pharez) (2538) pitied
A note on Judahs progeny: Judah took the Canaanite Shuah (Genesis 38:2). Shuahs name (7770) means a halloo. By Shuah, he had three sons, Er, Onan, and Shelah. Er and Onan died in Canaan (Genesis 46:12) and never made it to Egypt so are not reckoned here. Ers name (6147) means watchful, and Onans name (209) means strong. Judahs grandsons through Pharez, Hezron and Hamul, take their place in the count. Tamars name (8559) means a palm tree. Interesting that Pharez is Christs ancestor (Luke 3:33), is also Josephs ancestor (Matthew 1:3), and that two of his sons take the place of two of Judahs Canaanite sons in the reckoning.

Total souls from Judah: 6

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Issachar

24. Issachar (son of Jacob) (3485) he will bring a reward 25. Tola (son of Issachar) (8439) worm 26. Phuvah (son of Issachar) (6312) a blast 27. Job (son of Issachar) (3102) either howler OR he will return 28. Shimron (son of Issachar) (8110) guardianship

Total souls from Issachar: 5

Zebulun

29. Zebulun (son of Jacob) (2074) habitation 30. Sered (son of Zebulun) (5624) trembling 31. Elon (son of Zebulun) (356) oak-grove 32. Jahleel (son of Zebulun) (3177) expectant of God

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Total souls from Zebulun: 4

Dinah
33. Dinah (daughter of Jacob and Leah) (1783) justice
Note on Dinah: Of Dinahs offspring there is no mention, but she is clearly recognized in Genesis 46:15 as being one of the Israelite souls to be counted.

Total souls from Dinah: 1

End of the progeny of Jacob and Leah. Leah (3812) weary. Thirty-three souls, as Genesis 46:15 confirms: Genesis 46:15 These be the sons of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob in Padan-aram, with his daughter Dinah: all the souls of his sons and his daughters were thirty and three. Jacob himself is counted in this first list only, as his inclusion makes the thirty-three souls here but would throw off the Biblically identified numbers elsewhere. The alternate explanation of Levis daughter Jochebed, who was born in Eygpt after the Genesis 46 list, has already been discusssed.

Gad

34. Gad (son of Jacob) (1410) to crowd upon, i.e. attack 35. Ziphion (son of Gad) (6687) to overflow 36. Haggi (son of Gad) (2291) festive 37. Shuni (son of Gad) (7764) quiet 38. Ezbon (son of Gad) (675) of uncert. der.; Smith: working 39. Eri (son of Gad) (6179) watchful 40. Arodi (son of Gad) (722) a refuge for the roving 41. Areli (son of Gad) (692) heroic

Total souls from Gad: 8

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Asher

42. Asher (son of Jacob) (836) happy 43. Jimnah (son of Asher) (3232) prosperity (as betokened by the right hand) 44. Ishuah (son of Asher) (3438) he will level 45. Isui (son of Asher) (3440) level 46. Beriah (son of Asher) (1283) in trouble 47. Serah (daughter of Asher) (8294) superfluity 48. Heber (son of Beriah) (2268) community 49. Malchiel (son of Beriah) (4439) king of (i.e. appointed by) God

Total souls from Asher: 8

In Ashers genealogy is included the second of two women, Serah, who is reckoned among the seventy souls (the other being Dinah). Serah is also included in Ashers genealogy in I Chronicles 7:30. It is perhaps worth noting that one of the few Israelites identified by tribe in the New Testament is another Asherite woman, Anna, a prophetess (Luke 2:36). End of Zilpahs (Leahs maids) progeny. Zilpah (2153) fragrant dropping. Genesis 46:18 These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his daughter, and these she bare unto Jacob, even sixteen souls.

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Joseph

50. Joseph (son of Jacob) (3130) let him add (or perh. simply act. part. adding) 51. Manasseh (son of Joseph and Asenath) (4519) causing to forget 52. Ephraim (son of Joseph and Asenath) (669) double fruit

Total souls from Joseph: 3

Benjamin

53. Benjamin (son of Jacob) (1144) son of (the) right hand 54. Belah (son of Benjamin) (1106) a gulp; fig. destruction 55. Becher (son of Benjamin) (1071) a young camel; root (1069) can have connotation of giving the birthright 56. Ashbel (son of Benjamin) (788) flowing 57. Gera (son of Benjamin) (1617) a grain 58. Naaman (son of Benjamin) (5283) pleasantness (plur. as concr.)
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59. Ehi (son of Benjamin) (278) brotherly 60. Rosh (son of Benjamin) (7220) the head (as most easily shaken), whether lit. or fig. (in many applications, of place, time, rank, etc.) 61. Muppim (son of Benjamin) (4649) wavings 62. Huppim (son of Benjamin) (2650) canopies 63. Ard (son of Benjamin) (714) fugitive

Total souls from Benjamin: 11

End of Rachels sons. Gen 46:22 These are the sons of Rachel, which were born to Jacob: all the souls were fourteen. Rachel had 14, or 2 x 7, sons. Rachel (7354) a ewe [the females being the predominant element of a flock] (as a good traveller).

Dan

64. Dan (son of Jacob) (1835) judge 65. Hushim (son of Dan) (2366) hasters

Total souls from Dan: 2

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Naphtali

66. Naphtali (son of Jacob) (5321) my wrestling 67. Jahzeel (son of Naphtali) (3183) God will allot 68. Guni (son of Naphtali) (1476) protected 69. Jezer (son of Naphtali) (3337) a form; (fig.) conception (i.e. purpose) 70. Shillem (son of Naphtali) (8006) requital

Total souls from Naphtali: 5

End of Bilhahs (Rachels maids) progeny. Bilhah (1090) timid. Gen 46:25 These are the sons of Bilhah, which Laban gave unto Rachel his daughter, and she bare these unto Jacob: all the souls were seven.

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Totals: Isaac1 soul + Reuben5 souls + Simeon7 souls (1, Shaul, part-Canaanite) + Levi4 souls + Judah6 souls (1, Shelah, part-Canaanite) + Issachar5 souls + Zebulun4 souls + Dinah1 soul + Gad8 souls + Asher8 souls + Joseph3 souls + Benjamin11 souls + Dan2 souls + Naphtali5 souls =70 souls __________________________________________________ By Leah33 souls; includes Jacob, whereas the rest do not + By Zilpah16 souls + By Rachel14 souls + By Bilhah7 souls =70 souls
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