IGCSE Biology 4325 2H Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2007

IGCSE

IGCSE Biology 4325 2H

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH

BIOLOGY 4325, MAY 2007, MARK SCHEME

Key ; / eq __ indicates separate mark points indicates alternatives allow for correct equivalent word underlined means no alternatives allowed

Paper 2H 1. (a) B; D; C; muscles; contract; peristalsis; (i) (ii) (i) (ii) cellulose; skin / gums / prevent scurvy / help connective tissue / protect against infection / help immune system; Ignore keep healthy the faster the exercise the more energy needed /eq; 5 250;

(3) max (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) Total 9 marks

(b)

(c)

(d)

2. Cell neurone (an animal cell) Pneumococcus (a bacterial cell) yeast (a fungal cell) nucleus ()

Cell structure cytoplasm () cell wall () chloroplast ()

1 mark per pair of correct answers in each column. Total 4 marks

3.

(a)

(i) (ii)

gas used = oxygen gas produced = carbon dioxide; yeast in middle; arrows correct; 38; 50;; 38 57 / 19 / 57 38 for 1 mark

(1) (2) (1) (2)

(b)

(i) (ii)

(c)

(d)

optimum / best / ideal / better temperature / warmer / high; max enzymes / respiration / metabolism / reactions / eq; (2) yeast reproduced; more food; XX and XY; (i) female and male; gametes X and Y and all X / X and X; offspring XX and XY; Allow ecf from parents max 50:50 ratio given / eq; (5) due to chance / random fertilisation / (ii) fewer Y sperm / more X sperm / wrongly sexed / miscounted / eq; (1) Ignore gene Ignore temperature Total 14 marks reduce yield / eat crop / eat leaf; less leaf / less surface area / trap light / absorb carbon dioxide; less photosynthesis; kill/destroy pests / insects; increase yield / reduce crop loss / prevent eating crop / eq; (i) (ii) 28; 48 / 48 thousand / 48 000;

4.

(a)

(3) (2) (1) (1)

(b) (c) (d)

kills other insects / not specific; affect consumer / disrupts food chains / persistent / accumulation / not broken down / eq; reapplication needed / short lasting; resistant; Ignore immune effect on humans / eq; Ignore expensive Ignore eutrophication

max (2)

Total 9 marks

5.

(a)

(i) (ii)

urea / water / salt / urine / mineral ion / named mineral ion; (less) oxygen transport; white blood cells / lymphocytes / white / B / B cells / wbc; diaphragm / intercostal muscles; no contraction; no volume/pressure changes (in lung/chest); no air/gas/oxygen in / no air/gas/ carbon dioxide out; less oxygen to cells/blood/body; less respiration / energy; Ignore suffocation / death

(1) (1) (1)

(b)

(i) (ii)

max (3) Total 6 marks

6.

(a) (b)

prevent photosynthesis; produces oxygen; (i) (ii) (iii) A, C and D / all except B; 600; D;

(2) (1) (1) (1) max (3) Total 8 marks

(c)

microbes / bacteria / decomposers increase; less oxygen; (less) respiration (by organisms); death; eutrophication;

7.

tar; coughing; effect on cilia; mucus build up; bronchitis; bacteria / microorganisms / infection; lung cancer / carcinogen; blockage to tubes / difficulty in breathing/ventilation; emphysema; reduced surface area / less/damage to alveoli / less gas exchange / less diffusion;

max (5)

Total 5 marks 8. (a) (b) (i) (ii) 1 mark for each correct arrow;;;; arrow from any box to carbon in atmosphere; (4) (1)

greenhouse gas; greenhouse effect; global warming /trap heat / temperature rise; ice cap melting; sea level rising /flooding; migration/death/loss of species / disruption of food chain; climate change / described climate change;

max (5)

Total 10 marks 9. (a) Feature Position of stamens Position of stigma Size of petals Type of stigma (b) Flower A inside flower / petal inside flower / middle / centre large sticky / smooth / solid Flower B outside flower / petal; outside flower; small; feathery / spikey; (4) (2) Total 6 marks 10. (a) (b) (c) (d) palisade; 420 to 460; 650 to 690; Ignore blue Ignore orange (1) (2) (2) max (2) Total 7 marks 11. (a) (i) has atrium; has ventricle; has valve; blood in via vein; blood out via artery; Ignore chambers atrium and ventricle similar size / atrium bigger; thicker walled ventricle; one valve; two chambers / one atrium / one ventricle / human has 4; no septum / not left or right / eq; fewer vessels / eq; max (2)

transfer of pollen; from anther/stamen to stigma (by insect);

less photosynthesis; reflects / does not absorb green light; temperature; CO2; light intensity;

(ii)

max (2)

(b)

(c)

blood passes through heart once; heart to gas exchange organ to body / not to lung / to gill / ref to double circulation / two pumps / one atrium and one ventricle / in humans blood to lungs and to body; to prepare body for physical activity / fight, flight, fright / stress; adrenal glands; heart beats faster;

(2)

(3)

(d) Substance Oxygen Glucose Urea ADH Origin lungs / alveoli / air sacs; small intestine / ileum / villi; (Liver) pituitary; Destination (respiring cells) (respiring cells) kidney /renal tubule / nephron; kidney / renal tubule / nephron / collecting duct; (5)

Total 14 marks 12. (a) (i) G; T; A; two (strands)+ coiled/interweaving/twisted/spiral / eq; restriction / endonuclease; ligase; Reject lipase transgenic;

(3) (1) (1) (1) (1)

(ii) (b) (i) (ii) (iii) (i) (ii)

(c)

(1) insulin / eq; (1) can be made quickly / in large quantities/ exact substance; Reject cheap Total 9 marks

13.

explants; agar / nutrient / growth; nutrients / minerals / growth regulators / glucose / H2O / vitamins; nutrients / minerals / growth regulators / glucose / H2O / vitamins; compost / soil / eq; temperature / carbon dioxide / light / humidity / water; temperature / carbon dioxide / light / humidity / water; clones; identical; Total 9 marks

14.

(a)

(i) (ii)

X = cornea; Y = lens; brain / cerebral cortex / visual cortex / cerebrum;

(2) (1) (2) Total 5 marks

(b)

blurred /not clear / eq; as retina wrong distance / not focussing / out of place;

15.

change/damage/mistake to genetic material / eq; passed on / inherited; rare / random / eq; alters characteristic / named example eg sickle cell/Downs harmful / description of effect; max few beneficial / description of effect; (5) increase/decrease of gene/allele/condition/numbers in population; natural selection / evolution / speciation / eq; Total 5 marks PAPER TOTAL 120 MARKS