Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Peninsula Alps divided Rome from rest of Europe Less bad lands than Greece, many rivers easy transport, tie the country easily
Shallow, small boat pass Fast, large boat cant pass no attack!
Romulus and Remus, twins of Mars (God of War) Uncle threw them to Tiber She-Wolf save them Found Rome Romulus kills Remus
Tiny Rome!
First Roman Settlement 800 B.C. Built villages formed city
Kings had power Allow Rome to grow Old Boy aristocrat Senate, advised king
Aristocrats were getting disappointed about Monarchy Thus, marks the start Tarquin the of Proud did bad things to Roman Republic, where all free adult people male had privilege of
being in government Leaders overthrew Tarquin the Proud, commenced Roman Republic
With Greece
Borrowed Greece legends Greek Myth Zeus Jupiter Athena Minerva Hera Juno
Most powerful of Italy then Lived in north of Latium As trading, learned many things (Greek, Phoenicians) Had their own alphabet Rome adopt it
Latin
Decided to use Samnites military, maniples Legion 4,500 5,000 soldiers Maniples broke from Legions (60 160 soldiers) Short sword - gladius
it was impossible even for native pronounce with certainty whether the whole system was aristocratic, democratic, or monarchical. - Ancient historian Polybius
Not written
Based on custom & Tradition
Government organized it
Democratic Part Citizens (All free adult males) Pass law, elect Magistrates
Oligarchic Wealthy, government money, pass law, control foreign policy Not represent people guide state Chosen by official named censor Advised others Rich, old people thought smarter than others
Power of high officials like monarch Wealthy, ancestors was high officials Elite family? Politics essential Moved from low to high
Race of honor
Quaestors
States Money Help higher Good at quaestors? Can be elected at aedile Aedile hold festival
Plebians before becoming higher officials, become tribunes Protect plebs Can veto laws Had huge amount of power Not allowed go harm them/stop them from doing job
After praetor, can become two consuls Top officials Looked over senate, assembly, highest judges
Consuls Veto Assembly by the Senate and Magistrates Magistrates by Assembly and the Senate The Senate by Assembly and Magistrates
Roman Republic
Only free man could vote Slavery Direct Democracy Constitution non written
U.S.
All American as long as 18 or above can vote No slavery Representative Democracy Constitution written
There is senate Check & Balance President veto law as tribunes of plebs Rule of Law law applies to everyone
Senate choose dictator on emergency Held absolute power, but only for 6 months Cincinnatus famous dictator
Chosen as dictator, quickly defeat After that, did what he usually did - farming
Oldest of the family has houses power Father can even kill their family
40% of population! No right, but keep money, own property Could be killed Worked in mines, housework, teachers, secretaries Spartacus fought against Rome in 70 B.C.
Crucified
3 wars Carthage & Rome Hannibal on 2nd war, came over Alps
Unexpectedly attack and win 204 B.C., General Scipio attack Carthage Defeat Carthage Hannibal
Scipio
Speech
I.
II.
Poor
a. Tenant loose job as there are slaves from
other territory
Government decides to give poor meals 123 B.C., Tiberius Gracchus tried to give land to poor, killed by enemies
III.
Rich
Large farm, tenant & slaves farm Two story villa with gardens, etc., water Political
Poor
As written, many farm for rich Disease, fire common house, no water Other than tenant, construct, stores, taverns, restaurants
IV.
Civil Wars
Marius VS Sulla, Sulla won, became dictator
for a year Pompey & Senate VS Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar wins, became dictator for life
At first, worked with Pompey, never cared about law & customs Later, they had war
Julius Caesar
crossed Rubicon with army (illegal) Won, died in Ides of March (15th of March), 44 B.C.
Octavian, Caesars supporter & Stepson, has war with people who killed Caesar
Victory
Art
Mosaic Greek Gods Look like real people Greek showed young, beautiful people,
Latin
Not used today, but influenced other
Cicero was good at it(Roman Republic) Cicero was example for later
Virgil (Roman Republic) wrote Aeneid, based on Iliad & Odyssey Hoarce (Republic to Empire) wrote Odes, about love, advises, etc. Ovid (Republic to Empire) wrote verses about mythy
Satire
Entertainment, making fun of government
Philosophy
Seneca developed from Greek Stoic Philosophy
Hosted even before Rome Fought until one died First for funeral, later only for entertainments Winners were freed from slavery Sometimes with teams, boats, or animals
Location: Circus Maximus 270,000 people could watch People often died
Twelve Tables
Early period no written, but in 400s B.C.,
Influences
Civil Law as in France, Spain, Portugal,
30 B.C. 180 A.D. Period of Roman Peace where 65 million people were in steady place
Pax Romana ended when Marcus Aurelius die and his son on throne From 100s A.D., military leaders fought to become emperor There wasnt no peace (I agree, double negative)
so he is on power
He knew it wasnt people who liked him Severus listened to military, but not to his man
Economy
Wars cost a lot Gave more money to military Money come from tax Trade hurts Money with less gold merchants
Empire (East Diocletian, West co-emperor) Chose Junior Emperor to get the throne
Didnt work that way, though
Constantinople wasnt Junior emperor but got the throne by civil war Built Constantinople in Byzantium Converted to Christian
Persian Sassanian Persian emperor Shapur I captured Valerian Roman Empire Huns- One of the most fearsome, use spear in horseback Goth Adopted in Rome
Germanic Invasion
Frank, Vandal, Goth Settled there Because thought Rome was
Huns
Attila as the leader, however defeated Huns were still dangerous
Germanic
Goth tried to find place to hide from Huns Thus, Rome attack Goth, Goth defeat Rome (Battle of Adrianople)
Goth (410), Vandal (455), General Odoacer (476) captured Rome Odoacer threw Romulus Augustus out of throne