IGCSE Biology 4325 2H Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2008

IGCSE

IGCSE Biology 4325 2H

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IGCSE BIOLOGY 4325-2H MARK SCHEME

Key ; indicates separate mark points / indicates alternatives eq allow for correct equivalent __ word underlined means no alternatives allowed Question Correct Answer Number 1 Type of Example Multicellular organism plants maize / eq; YES animals human / eq; YES; bacteria Lactobacillus NO; NO viruses influenza / HIV / AIDS / TMV / eq;

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark

(5) (Total 5 marks) Question Number 2 (a) Correct Answer access / transport / travel / communication; trees for a purpose / construction / manufacture / logging / eq; trees for fuel; farming / mining; Question Number 2 (b) Correct Answer loss of habitat / food; loss of numbers / death / extinction / loss of genes / migration / loss of species / eq; less photosynthesis; global warming / greenhouse effect / ref to CO2 in air; soil erosion idea / leaching; flooding / eutrophication / desertification / lack of minerals / eq; less transpiration; less rainfall; (4) (Total 6 marks) Acceptable Reject Answers Acceptable Reject Answers Mark Max 2

(2)

Mark Max 4

Question Number 3 (a)(i) Question Number 3 (a)(ii)

Correct Answer anther / stamen / pollen sac; Correct Answer drawn to anther only (not to filament); Correct Answer pollen; from anther/P to stigma; Correct Answer light / gravity; Correct Answer carbon dioxide + water; (or opposite) glucose + oxygen; (or opposite) Ignore light / chlorophyll Correct Answer thin; large surface area; stomata; air spaces / spongy (mesophyll);

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 1 (1)

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 1 (1)

Question Number 3 (a)(iii)

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 2 (2)

Question Number 3 (b) Question Number 3 (c)(i)

Acceptable Reject Mark Answers sun / phototropism 1 (1) sunlight; / geotropism Acceptable Reject Answers chemical symbols;; Mark 2 (2) Acceptable Reject Answers pores / guard cells Mark Max 2 (2)

Question Number 3 (c)(ii)

(Total 9 marks)

Question Number 4 (a)

Correct Answer heart rate increases; until 50 mins / 124; then levels off / falls; Correct Answer adrenaline; Correct Answer higher heart rate / higher rate sooner / eq; nicotine / narrows arteries / releases adrenaline / raises blood pressure; Correct Answer breathing / respiratory / nervous / reproductive / digestive / endocrine;

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark Max 2 (2)

Question Number 4 (b) Question Number 4 (c)

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 1 (1)

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 2 (2)

Question Number 4 (d)

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 1 (1)

(Total 6 marks) Question Number 5 Correct Answer mouth / saliva; mechanical digestion / chewing / mastication / eq; amylase; ONCE Ignore carbohydrase (starch to) maltose; pancreas / pancreatic juice / eq; small intestine / duodenum / ileum; starch/maltose to glucose; maltase; Acceptable Reject Answers Mark Max 6

(6)

(Total 6 marks)

Question Number 6

Correct Answer vena cava; atrium / auricle; lung; valves; aorta; hepatic; glucose / sugar; glycogen;

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 8

(8) (Total 8 marks) Question Number 7 (a) Correct Answer Step repeat crosses for several generations cross parent plants to produce more offspring identify parent plants with desired characteristics select offspring with desired characteristics Question Number 7 (b) Correct Answer large numbers; quickly produced; identical / all have desired characteristic / cloned / eq; Order of step 4 2 Acceptable Reject Answers all 4 = 3;;; 2 correct = 2;; 1 correct = 1; Mark Max 3

3 Acceptable Reject Answers

(3) Mark Max 2

(2) (Total 5 marks)

Question Number 8 (a) Question Number 8 (b)

Correct Answer magnesium; Correct Answer 3.6 / 5.4 x 100 = 66.7;; Accept 66.67 / 66.6666etc one for 3.6 Correct Answer all / extra / increase / more mineral ions / more named mineral / correct amount / eq; use or purpose;

Acceptable Reject Answers Mg; Acceptable Reject Answers 66 and two thirds;

Mark 1 (1) Mark 2 (2)

Question Number 8 (c)

Acceptable Reject Answers nutrients

Mark 2 (2)

(Total 5 marks)

Question Number 9 (a)(i)

Correct Answer X = cell body / nucleus / eq; Y = myelin /sheath / fat / fatty sheath / axon / cell membrane / Schwann cell; Correct Answer B / sensory / eq;

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 2 (2)

Question Number 9 (a)(ii)

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 1 (1)

Question Number 9 (a)(iii)

Correct Answer A / relay / eq;

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 1 (1)

Question Number 9 (b)(i)

Correct Answer axis correct; axes labelled speed and diameter;

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 2 (2)

Question Number 9 (b)(ii)

Correct Answer as diameter increases speed of impulse increases / linear / proportional / eq; Correct Answer 34 /read from graph;

Acceptable Reject Answers proportional;

Mark 1 (1)

Question Number 9 (b)(iii)

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 1 (1)

(Total 8 marks)

Question Number 10 (a)(i)

Correct Answer Dd and Dd; DD, Dd, Dd, and dd; (any order) Correct Answer 3:1 / 75:25 / 75% to 25% / 3 quarters to 1 quarter / eq; Correct Answer zero; both parents must be DD / dd parents are sterile / neither parent has d/recessive allele; Ignore term gene Correct Answer bigger surface area to volume ratio; lack insulation/fat; lose (more) heat; maintain body temperature; respiration; Correct Answer Hormone
(adrenaline) (oestrogen)

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 2 (2)

Question Number 10 (a)(ii)

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 1 (1)

Question Number 10 (a)(iii)

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 2

(2) Acceptable Reject Answers Mark Max 2

Question Number 10 (b)

(2) Acceptable Reject Mark Answers

Question Number 10 (c)

Endocrine gland
(adrenal) ovary;

Target organ
(heart) uterus / womb;

Effect
increase rate / eq; (repair lining)

(3) (Total 10 marks)

Question Number 11 (a)

Correct Answer glucose / C6H12O6; carbon dioxide/CO2 + ethanol/alcohol/ C2H5OH; Ignore energy Correct Answer gene / DNA / allele (for enzyme); cut; restriction / endonuclease; plasmid / vector / gene gun / phage / virus; ligase; gene / DNA / allele into yeast;

Acceptable Reject Answers chemical symbols

Mark 2 (2)

Question Number 11 (b)(i)

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark Max 4 (4)

Question Number 11 (b)(ii)

Correct Answer enzyme / amylase; digests starch / less starch / starch to sugar;

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 2 (2)

(Total 8 marks) Question Number 12 Correct Answer Process

decomposition

Acceptable Answers Description

bacteria / microorganisms / fungi / saprobionts / eq; breakdown/digest dead organisms / organic matter / waste / eq; evaporation / diffusion / loss of water; from plant / leaf / stomata; bacteria / named bacteria; ammonia/ammonium (cpds) to nitrite/nitrate / nitrite to nitrate;

Reject

Mark

transpiration

nitrification

vasodilation

widening / eq; I dilation blood vessels / arteries / arterioles; I capillaries

(8) veins (Total 8 marks)

Question Number 13 (a)(i)

Correct Answer energy / insulation / cell membranes / neurones / growth / making new cells /eq; Correct Answer bones / teeth / skeleton; Correct Answer respiration / heat / excretion / egestion / movement / uneaten / indigestible;; Correct Answer nitrates / mineral ion(s) / named mineral ion(s) / eq; growth of plants / algal bloom; eutrophication; light blocked / less photosynthesis; death of organisms (plant/fish); bacteria / microorganisms / eq; oxygen depletion /eq; respiration;

Acceptable Reject Answers keep warm / eq Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 1 (1) Mark 1 (1)

Question Number 13 (a)(ii) Question Number 13 (b)

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark Max 2 (2)

Question Number 13 (c)

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark Max 5

(5) (Total 9 marks)

Question Number 14 (a)

Correct Answer Person A B C BMI value (24.2) 29.6 39.6; Description of weight (normal weight) overweight obese;

Acceptable Reject Answers TE for wrong BMI but correct description =1

Mark

(2) Acceptable Reject Answers Mark 1 (1)

Question Number 14 (b) Question Number 14 (c)(i)

Correct Answer higher / greater / increase / eq; Correct Answer more risk for men up to 28 / similar risk up to 28 / eq; more risk for women (than men) above 28; more risk for men and women above 28; more risk as BMI increases; Correct Answer coronary artery; fat/cholesterol blocks/deposits; (aerobic to) anaerobic; (less) oxygen; (less) glucose; less respiration / less energy / ATP; lactic acid; builds up / toxic / inhibit enzymes / eq;

Acceptable Reject Answers allow higher BMI/overweight as eq to 28

Mark 2 (2)

Question Number 14 (c)(ii)

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark Max 5

(5) (Total 10 marks)

Question Number 15 (a)

Correct Answer location; (Bowmans capsule / glomerulus) pressure used; no energy/ATP required / no active transport; molecules out of blood / into nephron / eq; depends on molecule size / eq; hormones not involved;

Acceptable Reject Answers converse

Mark Max 3

(3)

Question Number 15 (b)(i)

Correct Answer
Event Volume of urine (large or small) small; Concentration of urine (dilute or concentrated) (concentrated) concentrated; dilute;

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark

after doing lots of exercise after eating lots of protein after drinking lots of water after eating salty crisps

(small) large

small

concentrated;

(4)

Question Number 15 (b)(ii)

Correct Answer (less) water reabsorbed; collecting duct; ref permeability; more loss of water / more water in urine / more urine / dilute urine / dehydration / blood concentration increases;

Acceptable Reject Answers ADH story in converse

Mark 4

(4)

Question Number 15 (c)(i)

Correct Answer less pressure / flow speed; larger lumen / eq; closer to surface / easier to see / eq; thinner wall / easier to penetrate; Correct Answer diffusion; high conc. to low conc. / conc.gradient; Correct Answer urea; carbon dioxide; water;

Acceptable Reject Answers converse

Mark Max 2 (2)

Question Number 15 (c)(ii)

Acceptable Reject Answers

Mark 2 (2)

Question Number 15 (c)(iii)

Acceptable Reject Answers toxins / hormones / glucose / lactic acid

Mark Max 2 (2)

(Total 17 marks) PAPER TOTAL 120 MARKS