THE GERUND

This looks exactly the same as a present participle, and for this reason it is now common to call both forms 'the -ing form'. However it is useful to understand the difference between the two. The gerund always has the same function as a noun (although it looks like a verb), so it can be used: a. as the subject of the sentence:

Eating people is wrong. Hunting tigers is dangerous. Flying makes me nervous. b. as the complement of the verb 'to be':

One of his duties is attending meetings. The hardest thing about learning English is understanding the gerund. One of life's pleasures is having breakfast in bed. c. after prepositions. The gerund must be used when a verb comes after a preposition:

Can you sneeze without opening your mouth? She is good at painting. They're keen on windsurfing. She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road. We arrived in Madrid after driving all night. My father decided against postponing his trip to Hungary. This is also true of certain expressions ending in a preposition, e.g. in spite of, there's no point in..:

There's no point in waiting. In spite of missing the train, we arrived on time. d. after a number of 'phrasal verbs' which are composed of a verb + preposition/adverb Example: to look forward to, to give up, to be for/against, to take to, to put off, to keep on:

I look forward to hearing from you soon. (at the end of a letter) When are you going to give up smoking? She always puts off going to the dentist. He kept on asking for money. NOTE: There are some phrasal verbs and other expressions that include the word 'to' as a preposition, not as part of a to-infinitive: - to look forward to,

to take to, to be accustomed to, to be used to. It is important to recognise that 'to' is a preposition in these cases, as it must be followed by a gerund:

We are looking forward to seeing you. I am used to waiting for buses. She didn't really take to studying English. It is possible to check whether 'to is a preposition or part of a to-infinitive: if you can put a noun or the pronoun 'it' after it, then it is a preposition and must be followed by a gerund:

I am accustomed to it (the cold). I am accustomed to being cold. e. in compound nouns

Example:

a driving lesson, a swimming pool, bird-watching, train-spotting It is clear that the meaning is that of a noun, not of a continuous verb.

Example:

the pool is not swimming, it is a pool for swimming in. f. after the expressions: can't help, can't stand, it's no use/good, and the adjective worth:

She couldn't help falling in love with him. I can't stand being stuck in traffic jams. It's no use/good trying to escape. It might be worth phoning the station to check the time of the train

http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/gerund.php

el gerundio

Esto es exactamente lo mismo que un participio presente , y por esta razn , ahora es comn para llamar a ambas formas "forma el ing ' . Sin embargo, es til para entender la diferencia entre los dos. El gerundio siempre tiene la misma funcin que un sustantivo (aunque se ve como un verbo) , por lo que se puede utilizar :

una . como el sujeto de la oracin :

Comer la gente que est mal . La caza de los tigres es peligroso. Flying me pone nervioso. b . como el complemento del verbo 'ser' :

Una de sus funciones es asistir a las reuniones. Lo ms difcil de aprender Ingls es entender el gerundio . Uno de los placeres de la vida es tener el desayuno en la cama. c . despus de las preposiciones. El gerundio debe ser utilizado cuando un verbo se produce despus de una preposicin :

Se puede estornudar sin abrir la boca? Ella es buena en la pintura. Estn interesados en el windsurf. Ella lo evitaba por caminar en el lado opuesto de la carretera . Llegamos a Madrid despus de conducir toda la noche. Mi padre decidi no posponer su viaje a Hungra. Esto tambin es cierto de ciertas expresiones que terminan en una preposicin , por ejemplo, a pesar de, no tiene sentido pulg . :

No hay necesidad de esperar . A pesar de perder el tren , llegamos a tiempo. d. despus de una serie de " frases verbales " que se componen de un verbo + preposicin / adverbio

Ejemplo : que esperamos que , a renunciar, para ser favor / en contra , a tomar para , posponer , para seguir :

Espero con inters escuchar de usted pronto. ( al final de una carta ) Cundo vas a dejar de fumar ? Ella siempre pone fuera de ir al dentista . Sigui pidiendo dinero. NOTA : Hay algunos verbos compuestos y otras expresiones que incluyen la palabra "a" como una preposicin , no como parte de una - al infinitivo : - que esperamos que , para llevar a , al estar acostumbrado a , que se utilizar para . Es importante reconocer que "a" es una preposicin en estos casos , ya que debe ser seguido por un gerundio :

Estamos mirando adelante a verle . Estoy acostumbrado a la espera de los autobuses. Ella realmente no necesita para estudiar Ingls . Es posible comprobar si ' a es una preposicin o una parte de una de infinitivo : si se puede poner un sustantivo o el pronombre "l" despus de ella, entonces es una preposicin y debe ser seguido por un gerundio :

Estoy acostumbrado a ella ( el fro ) . Estoy acostumbrado a tener fro . e . en los nombres compuestos

Ejemplo :

una leccin de conduccin, una piscina , observacin de aves , tren - manchado Es claro que el significado es el de un sustantivo , un verbo no de continua .

Ejemplo :

la piscina no es la natacin , es una piscina para nadar pulg f . despus de las expresiones:

no puede ayudar , no puedo soportar , no es de uso / buena, y el valor de adjetivo :

Ella no pudo evitar enamorarse de l. No puedo soportar estar atrapado en los atascos de trfico . No sirve de nada / buena tratando de escapar. Podra valer la pena llamar la estacin para comprobar la hora del tren

Las Reglas Del Gerundio En Ingls

Quienes estamos aprendiendo el idioma ingls, necesitamos saber qu es y culesson las reglas de uso del gerundio en ingls. Para ello podemos decir que el gerundio "ing" es lo que nos permite transformar un verbo infinitivo a un verbo gerundio. Por ejemplo:

Vebo Infinitivo Verbo en Gerundio Eat Comer Jump Saltar Cook Cocinar Eating Comiendo Jumping Saltando Cooking Cocinando

Como se puede ver la regla general para aplicar el gerundio es aadir "ing" al final del verbo, pero existe algunos casos especiales en los cuales no se aplica dicha regla, por tanto veamos minuciosamente las reglas del gerundio en ingls: Para los verbos que terminan con la letra e, se cambia la ultima letra por el gerundio "ing". por ejemplo:

drive driving conducir conduciendo write escribir live vivir come venir move mover

writing escribiendo living viviendo coming viniendo moving moviendo

Para los verbos que terminan en una vocal seguida de una doble consonante o una doble vocal seguida de una consonante, aadimos "ing". Por ejemplo:

cook cocinar wait

cooking cocinando waiting

esperar count contar sleep dormir think pensar

esperando counting contando sleeping durmiendo thinking pensando

work working trabajar trabajando eat comer read leer watch ver eating comiendo reading leyendo watching viendo

finish finishing terminar terminando walk walking caminar caminando

Para los verbos que tienen solo una vocal y terminan en consonante, se debe repetir la ltima consonante seguido despus de "ing". Por ejemplo:

swim nadar win ganar plan planear

swimming nadando winning ganando planning planeando

sit sitting sentarse sentando cut cortar dig cutting cortando digging

cavar

cavando

shop shopping comprar comprando get getting obtener obteniendo

Los verbos que terminan en ie, son cambiados por "y" seguido por "ing", mientras los verbos que terminan en cualquier vocal solo se aadeing. Por ejemplo:

die morir

dying muriendo

lie lying mentir mintiendo go ir see ver going yendo seeing viendo

http://blogpara-aprenderingles.blogspot.com/2012/08/las-reglas-del-gerundio-en-ingles.html

The Rules Of Gerund In English

Those who are learning the English language , we need to know what it is and what the rules of use of the gerund in English are .

So we can say that the gerund "ing" is what allows us to transform a verb infinitive to a gerund verb. For example :

Vebo Gerund Infinitive Verb in Eat eat

Jump jump

Cook cooking Eating eating

jumping jumping

cooking cooking

As is the general rule is to apply the gerund add "ing " at the end of the verb, but there are some special cases in which this rule does not apply , therefore the rules carefully see the gerund in English:

For verbs that end in the letter e, the last letter by the gerund "ing" is changed. eg

drive lead

write write

live live

eat come

move moving driving driving

writing writing

living room living

coming coming

moving moving

For verbs that end in a vowel followed by a consonant or a double double vowel followed by a consonant , add "ing" . For example :

cook cook

wait wait

count count

sleep sleep

think think

work work

eat eat

read

read

watch see

finish end

walk walk cooking cooking

waiting hoping for

counting counting

sleeping sleeping

thinking thinking

working working

eating eating

reading reading

watching viewing

finishing ending

walking walking

For verbs that have only one vowel and ending in a consonant , repeat the last consonant followed after "ing" . For example :

swim swim

win win

plan plan

sit

sit

cut cut

dig dig

shop buy

get get swimming swimming

winning winning

planning planning

sitting I sitting

cutting cutting

digging digging

shopping buying

getting obtaining

Verbs ending in ie, are exchanged for "and" followed by "ing" , while verbs ending in any vowel is added only ing. For example : die die

lie lie

go go

see see dying dying

lying lying

going going

seeing viewing

El Infinitivo en ingls
El infinitivo ingls va normalmente precedido de la partcula 'to': To be / ser To run / correr To speak / hablar El infinitivo expresa el significado del verbo de una manera general, sin referencia a tiempo alguno. Adems del infinitivo simple, como 'to speak', tambin hay infinitivos progresivo ('to be speaking'), perfectos ('to have spoken') y pasivos ('to be spoken') USOS DEL INFINITIVO - El infinitivo puede ser usado solo o como parte de una frase de infinitivo. We began to run / Empezamos a correr - Puede ser sujeto o complemento en una expresin u oracin To save money now seems impossible / Ahorrar ahora parece imposible I'ts good to see you / Me alegro de verte The worse thing is to panic / Lo peor es tener pnico - Puede expresar un deber u obligacin cuando sigue al verbo to be You are not to smoke here / No debe fumar aqu - Puede expresar un propsito o la razn por la que alguien hace algo. He went to England to learn English / Fueron a Inglaterra a aprender ingls. Craig went to the supermarket to buy some chocolate. Craig fue al supermercado a comprar chocolate. NOT ( for to buy / for buying / for buy ) - Puede ser el complemento u objeto de un verbo, nombre o adjectivo. She wants to pay / Ella quiere pagar His plan is to keep us in suspense / Su plan es mantenernos en suspense I had the privilege to work with Mr. Taggart / Tuve el privilegio de trabajar con el seor Taggart I'm very pleased to meet you / Encantado de conocerle Craig's very fortunate to have such good friends / Craig tiene mucha suerte de tener tan buenos amigos - Puede ser usado (sin 'to') despus de 'do' o de un verbo modal auxiliar como 'must', 'may', 'might', etc. Do you live alone? / Vives solo? I might go to the pub after dinner / Quizs vaya al pub despus de la cena

- Hay verbos en ingls que pueden tener detrs el objeto y luego un verbo en infinitivo (con to). Tell I told you to wash your hands. NOT I told you that you wash your hands. Invite She invited me to go to her party. NOT She invited me that I go to her party. Allow They didnt allow us to smoke in their office. NOT They didnt allow that we smoke in their office. A continuacin os indicamos algunos de los verbos y expresiones que utilizan este patrn: advise / ask cant bear / cause / encourage / expect / forbid / force / get / help / leave / need order / persuade / remind / teach / warn / beg / would like / would prefer

http://www.mansioningles.com/gram44.htm

The infinitive in English

The English infinitive is normally preceded by the particle 'to ' :

To be / being To run / run To speak / talk

The infinitive expresses the meaning of the verb in a general way , without reference to any time.

In addition to the bare infinitive , as 'to speak' , there are also progressive infinitive ( 'to be speaking' ) , perfect ( 'to have spoken ' ) and liabilities ( 'to be spoken ' )

USES INFINITIVO

- The infinitive can be used alone or as part of an infinitive phrase . We Began To run / started running

- May be subject or complement in an expression or sentence

To save money now Seems impossible / Save now seems impossible I'ts good to see you / I'm glad to see you The worse thing is to panic / worst thing is to panic

- You can express a duty or obligation when it follows the verb to be

You are not here to smoke / must not smoke here

- You can express a purpose or reason why someone does something .

He went to England to learn Ingls / went to England to learn English. Craig went to the supermarket to buy some chocolate. Craig went to the supermarket to buy chocolate. NOT ( for to buy / for buying / for buy )

- You can be the complement or object of a verb or adjective name .

She wants to pay / She wants to pay His plan is to keep us in suspense / His plan is to keep us in suspense I had the privilege to work with Mr. Taggart / I had the privilege of working with Mr. Taggart I'm very pleased to meet you / Pleased to meet you Craig 's very fortunate To Have such good friends / Craig is lucky to have such good friends

- Can be used ( without 'to ' ) after 'do' or a modal auxiliary verb 'must' , ' may' , ' Might ' , etc. .

Do you live alone ? / Do you live alone? I might go to the pub after dinner / Maybe go to the pub after dinner

- There are English verbs that can have behind the object and then an infinitive ( with 'to ' ) .

Tell I told you to wash your hands . NOT I told you That you wash your hands . Invite She invited me to go to her party . NOT She invited me That I go to her party .

allow They did not allow us to smoke in Their office . They did not allow NOT smoke That We In Their office .

Below we indicate some of the verbs and expressions that use this pattern:

advise / ask can not bear / cause / Encourage / expect / forbid / force / get / help / leave / need order / persuade / remind / teach / warn / beg / would like / would prefer