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9

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11

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omoemrIaqmif&Gufa&;&mig;XmetwGufac:awmfrlonfudkodrSwfjcif;
vlwdkYonf rdrdpdwfBudKufa&G;cs,fcGJcefYrIjzpfap? tjcm;olwdkYvnf; olwdkYudk,yf dkif a&G;cs,f cGJcefYrIudk omoemrIig;rsdK;
qHk;jzwfcefYtyfjcif;rjyKoifhay/ bk&m;ocifuom cGJcefY rSwfom;rnfjzpfonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap rMumcPqdkovdk
bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ wrefawmfrsm;ESifh ya&mzufrsm;tm;jzifh trIawmfaqmifrsm;udka&G;cs,fcefYxm;awmf rlaMumif;
uREfkyfwdkYjrif&vdrfhrnf/
1aum&dEK 12 ; 28 bk&m;ocifonf yxrt&m wref awmfwdkYudk4if;? 'kwd, t&m ya&mzufwdkY udk4if;?
wwd,t&m q&mwdkYudk4if;? xdkYaemuf wefcdk;jyaom olwdkYudk4if;? xdkYaemuftema&m*gudk Nidrf;apEdkif aom
tcGifh&Sd aomolwdkYudk4if? oif;axmufwdkYudk 4if;? pD&iftk yfpdk;aomolwdkYudk 4if;? trsd K;rsdK; aombmompum;udk
ajymqdkEdkifaomolwdkYudk4if;? toif;awmfcefY xm;awmf rl\/

twGif;oufao
xdkyk*dKvfonf oefY&Sifaom0dnmOfawmfESifhpyfqdkifaom twGif;ydkif;oufaowpfckudk &&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/
a&mr 8 ; 14 bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOf awmf qHk;r yJhjyif awmfrlrQaomolwdkYonf bk&m; ocif \om;jzpf Mu\/
14

a&mr 8 ; 16

igwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\om;jzpfMuonf[k 0dnmOfawmf onf igwdkY\ 0d nmOf ESifhtwl

oufaocHawmf rl\/

bdodwfawmfrljcif;
bk&m;ocifonf bdodufay;awmfrljcif;rSm ac:awmfrlonfh oufaotaxmuf txm;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfol\
toufwm jyif;xefaom bdodufESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ qkaus;Zl;rsm; vGwfvyfpGm pD;xGufjcif;&Sd&rnf/

bk&m;ocifjyKjyifawmfrlaomvrf;c&D;
tu,f oifonf omoemawmftwGuf bk&m;ocif\ a&G;aumufawmfrjl cif; cH& ygu oifESifhtjcm;olwdkYtwGuf
bk&m;ocifuom twnfjyKygap/ oifudk,fwdkif [kwfrSefaMumif; oufaojy&ef rBudK;pm;y gESifh/
okwH 18 ; 16 vlygaom vufaqmiftm;jzifh? vrf;&Sif ;vif ;? vlBuD;xodkY 0if&aom tcG ifh&Sdwwf\/
qmvH

37

oif \ajzmifhrwfjcif ;taMumif;udk

tvif;uJhodkY 4if;?

w&m;ojzifh

jyKjcif;t&mudk

wref awmfonf

tjcm;aom

rGef;wnfha&mifjcnfuJhodkY4if; abmfjyawmfrl\/

omoemrIig;rsdK;wdkY\twlwuGyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI
omoemrIig;rsdK;wdkYonf

&Hzef&efcg

vl\vufacsmif;ESifhwlonf/

vufacsmif;rsm;eSifhtwlwuG wGJzuftvkyfvkyfaom vufrjzpfonf/ ya&mzuf onf ]]xm0&bk&m;rdefYawmfrl\}}

[ljyTefonfh vufndK;jzpfygonf/ vufcv,frSm {0Ha*vdowif;aumif;udk rMum;&ao;aomolrsm;&Sd&m c&D;&Snf
ta0;qHk;xda&mufatmif

omoemjyK

{0Ha*vdq&m

jzpfygonf/

vufol<u,frSm

rdrdESifhvly&dwfowfMum;

xl;jcm;aomarwmw&m;udkjyo qufoG,frIudkjyKaom oif;tkyfq&mjzpfygonf/ vufoef;onf oif;tkyfq&mESifh

teD;qkH;tvkyfvkyf rQwpGmcsifhcsdefvkyf aqmif&mt"dutusqHk; oGefoifaomq&m jzpfonf/
NyD;ajrmufatmifjrifpGm
vdkouJhodkY

oefY&Sif;olwdkY

vkyfaqmifEdkifonfh

wnfaqmufonfh

vufjzpf&ef

taqmuftOD;

vufacsmif;rsm;tm;

vHk;yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef

(toif;awmf)NyD;ajrmufatmifjrifap&eftwGuf

omoemrIaqmif&Gufa&;&m ig;Xme\ nDGwfpGmyl;aygif; aqmif&Gufjcif;vdktyfonf/

jyefvSefavhusifh&efar;cGef;rsm;
1/

{zuf 4 ; 11 t& omoemrIig;rsdK;\ aus;Zl;rsm;udkaz:jyyg/

2/

{zuf 4 ; 12-16 t& omoeqkaus;Zl;ig;rsdK;\ zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufrI vkyfaqmifrI udk&Sif;jyyg/

3/

1aum&dEK 12 ; 2728 t& omoemqkaus;Zl;rsm;wGif rnfolonf rnfonfh qkaus;Zl; wm0ef&SdaMumif;udk

rnfolu cefYtyfygoenf;/
15

tcef; (2)
oif;tkyfBuD;rsm;ESifh omoemrIa&;&mig;Xme
ed'gef;
a'oE& toif;awmf bk&m;ocif wnfaxmifjyXmef;aom&mxl; (wm0ef) ESpfrsdK; &Sdygonf/
zdvdyd 1 ; 1

a,Ic&pf \uRefjzpfaom aygvkES ifhwdarmaoonf? zdvdydNrdKU &Sdaomoif;tkyfwdkYESifh

oif;axmufwdkYrSp a,Ic&pf \ oefY&Sif;oltaygif; wdkYudk Mum;vdkufyg\/

toufBuD;olrsm; (Elders)
toufBuD;ol wpfOD;\&mxl;udk oif;tkyf (bishop) [lvnf; ac:qdk wm0ef rSm tkyfcsKyf&ef wm0efjzpfonf/
xdkolwdkYudk bk&m;ocifa&G;aumuf wrefawmf rsm;u cefYtyfMuygonf/
wref 14 ; 23 toif;awmf rsm;wdkY oif;tkyfwdkYudkcefYxm;? tpm a&Smifvsufqkawmif;yXemjyKNyD;vQif?
oif;0ifolwdkY ,HkMunfaomocifbk&m;\ vufawmf odkY xdktoif;awmfwdkYudk tyfESHMu\/
1wdarmao 3 ; 1 oif;tk yft&mudk awmifhwaomolonf aumif;aom trIt&m udk awmifhwonf[laom
pum;onf rSefaom pum;jzpf \/

oif;axmufrsm; (Deacons)
oif;axmufrsm;\wm0efrSm tapcH&efjzpfonf/ xdkolwdkYudk ,HkMunfolrsm;u a&G;aumuf wrefawmfrsm;u
twnfjyKcefYtyfMuygonf/
1wdarmao 3 ; 10 olwdkY onfvnf; a&SUrqGu pHkprf;jcif;udkcHMuap/ aemuf rS tjypfwifcG ifhESifh
uif;vG wfvQif oif;axmufvk yfMuap/
wref 6 ; 2-4 6
igwdkYonf

xdktcg wusdyf ESpfyg;aom wrefawmf wdkYonf wynfh awmf taygif;wdkYudk ac:NyD ;vQif ?

bk&m;ocif\

EIwf uywf

w&m;awmfudkxm;

pm;yGJvkyfauR;rIudk

xdkaMumifhnDtpfudkwdkY? 0dnmOfawmf ESifh4if;? ynmESifh4if ; jynfhpHkvsuf? toa&&Sdaomol

raqmif oifh/
ckepfa,muf

wdkYudkoifwdkYwGif&SmMuavmh/ trIu dkaqmif&Gufapjcif;iSg xdkolwdkYudk igwdkY onfcefYxm;Murnf/ igwdkY rlum;?

qkawmif;yXemjyKjcif;? EI wfuywfawmf w&m;udk a[majymjcif; trIwdkYudktNrJjyK aernf [kqdkMu\/
wrefawmfwdkYa&SUxm;Mu\/

wrefawmfwdkYonfvnf;

qkawmif;NyD ;vQif

xdkol

wdkY\

acgif;ay:

vufudkwif Mu\/
16

*&da0g[m&t"dyg,frsm;udk&Sif;vif;jcif;
toufBuD;ol

( Elder )

@ Presbuteros
"Presbuteros"

(y&uf(p)AsLwJa&mh(p)) "dyg,frSm &ifhusufol? omtoufBuD;ol odkYr[kwf t&ifus

aomol[laom t"dyg,f&Sd\/ qdkvdkonfrSm touftm;jzifh ydk BuD;aom? tdkaom a,musfm; odkYr[kwf

rdef;r[ljzpfonf/
wdwk 2 ; 2 3

toufBuD;&ifhaoma,musfm;wdkYonf or mowd&Sdaomol? wnfMunfaomol?

a`Eapmifhaomol? ,HkMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;? onf;cH jcif ; pdwfoef;aomoljzpf&MurnftaMumif;? xdkenf;wl?

toufBuD;&ifhaom rdef;r wdkY vnf; usifhBuHjyKrl&mrSm "rtrIESifh xdkufwef aomol? racsmpm;wwf aomol?
pyspf&nf rvGefMuL;wwfaomol? aumif;aomtwwfudk oifay; wwfaomol udk,f wkdif jzpf?
xdkYtjyif touftm;jzifh t&ifhqHk;? tBuD;qHk;[lvnf; t"dyg,frnfayonf/
vkum 15 ; 25 om;tBuD;(Elder)onf awmif,muvm td rfteD;odkY a&mufaomtcg? ujcif;?
wD;rIwfjcif;toHudkMum;vQif?
"ra[mif;umv a&S;oefY&Sif;olrsm;udk &nfTef;&mwGifvnf; toHk;jyKonf/
a[NAJ 11 ; 2 xdkyg&rDaMumifh? a&SUvla[mif;wkdYonf csD;rGrf ;awmfrl jcif ;udk cH&Mu\/
a,k&SvifNrdKU Adrmefawmf&Sdaom qm[D'&if (sanmhedrin) t&m&Sdacgif;aqmif rsm;ESifh a'oE&qdkif&m
w&m;Z&yfacgif;aqmifrsm;udk ac:qdk&mwGifvnf; toHk;jyK ygonf/
wref 6 ; 12

vlrsm;udk4if;? tBuD;tuJ? usrf ;jyKq&mwdkYudk4if; EdI;aqmf ? oawzefxHodkY vmojzif h

brf;qD ; vT wfawmf odkYydkYMu\/

rmuk 5 ; 22 xdktcg,mktrnf & Sdaom w&m;p&yfrI;onfvm udk ,fawmf udk jrifvQif? ajcawmf &if;
jyyf0yfvsuf? tuREfkyf\orD;i,f aovkygNyD;/
a'oE&toif;awmfrsm;cefYtyfxm;jcif;cH&aom acgif;aqmifrsm;udk ac:qdk&mwGif vnf; toHk;jyKonf/
wref 14 ; 23 toif;awmf rsm;wdkY oif;tkyfwdkYudkcefYxm;? tpma&Smif vsufqkawmif;yXemjyKNyD;vQif?
oif;0ifolwdkY,Hk Munfaom ocifbk&m;\ vuf awmfodkY xdktoif;awmfwdkYudk tyfESHMu\/

17

1wdarmao

17

aumif;rG efpGm

tkyfaom

oif;tkyf wdkYonf

tvSL

ESpfqudk

cHxdkufaomoljzpfonf [l4if;? w&m;a[mjcif;? qHk;rMo0g'ay;jcif ; trIudk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaomolwkdYonf?

tvSLES pfqudk txl;ojzifh cH xdkuf aomoljzpfonf[l 4if; rSwf&rnf/
wdwk 1 ; 5

igonfoifhudkrSmxm;ESifhonftwdkif;? ua&awuRef; rpHkviforQwdkYudk jyifqif?

NrdKU&Gmrsm;oif;tkyfwdkYudk cefY xm;apjcif;iSg xdkuRef;oifhudk igxm;cJh ownf;/

,mukyf 5 ; 14 emaomol &SdvQif? oif;tkyf wdkYudk ac: olwdkYonf ocifbk&m;\ emrawmfudk trSDjyKvsuf?
vlemudk qDESifh vl; oltay:rSm qk awmif;Muap//

@ presbuterion
"presbuterion"

y&uf(pf)AsLwJ&D,Gef

qdkonfrSm

oif;tkyfrsm;toufBuD;olrsm;

twlwuG

pka0;

w&m;pD&ifqHk;jzwfonhf kH;tpnf;ta0;udk ac:qdkonf/

1wdarmao 4 ; 14 Asm'd wfawmf udkcH? oif;tk yfrsm;wdkY onf vufwifjcif;ES ifh wuG? oiftyfay;aom
qkaus;Zl;udk rjyKpkbJ raeESifh/
oif;tkyfrsm;ESifhtoufBuD;olrsm;wdkY\

tpkta0;udk

"presbytery"

]]y&uf(p)

bDw,f&D}}[lbmomjyefqdkxm;onfudkawGY&onf/

@ Sumpresbuteros
"Sumpresbuteros"

(qrfy&uf(p)AsLwJ&Da&m(p))t"dyg,frSm

toufBuD;ol (odkY) toif;tkyfwdkY\

vufaxmuf oif;tkyfcsif;[l jzpfygonf/

1ay 5 ; 1

oif;tkyft&m4if;? c&pf awmf\ qif;&J 'kua0'emudk odjrif aom oufaot&m4if;

cefYxm;aomol? xif &Sm;apawmfrlvwHhaom bkef;taoa&awmfudk quf qHaomoljzpfaom igaywkonf ?

oifwdkYwGif&Sd aom oif;tkyfcsif; wdkYudk awmif;yef yg\/

tkyfcsKyfBuD;Muyfol

( Overseer )

@ Episkopos
"Episkopos" tufyD(p)udkaygh(p)\qdkvdk&if;rSm BuD;Muyfol tkyfcsKyfpDrHol (odkYr[kwf) tkyfxdef;ol[l jzpfonf/
pum;udk "ropfusrf; ig;BudrftoHk;jyKxm;ygonf/ New King James Version wrefawmf 20 ; 28
rSwyg;usefaom usrf;ydk'fwdkY "Bishop oif;tky"f [l bmom jyefqdkxm;ygonf/

18

wref

20

28

xdkYaMumifh

oif wdkYonf

udk ,fudkowdESifh

MunfhIMuavmh/

bk&m;ocifonf

rdrdtaoG;ESifh0,fawmf rlaom toif ;awmf udk vkyfauR;ap jcif;iS g? oefY&Sif;aom0d nmOfawmf onf oifwdkYudk
ttkyftcsKyf cefYxm;awmf rl aom odk;pkwpkvHk;udk vnf; owdESifhMunfhIMuavmh/
zdvdyd 1 ; 1

a,Ic&pf\ uRefjzpfaom aygvkESifh wdarmaoonf? zdvdydNrdKU &Sdaom toif ;tk yfwdkYESifh

oif;axmufwdkYrSp a,Ic&pf\ oefY&Sif;ol taygif ;wdkYudk Mum; vdkuf yg\/

1wdarmao 3 ; 2(u) xdkaMumifh oif ;tkyf onf tjypfwifcGifhESifh uif;vGwfaomol ormowd&Sdapaomol?
a`Eapmifhaomol? avsmuf ywfpGm usifhaomol? {nfhonf0wfudk jyKwwfaomol? qHk;rMo0g' ay;wwfaomol
jzpf&rnf/
wdwk 1 ; 7

taMumif ;rlum;? oif ;tkyfonf bk&m;ocif \ b@mpdk;uJhodkY? tjypf wif cGifhESifh

uif;vG wfaomoljzpf &rnf / udk,ftvdkodkY vdkufwwfaomol? pdwfwdkaom ol? ol wyg;udkdkufyk wfaomol ?

rpifMu,faompD;yGm;udk wyfruf aomolrjzpf&bJ?
1ay

25

oifwdkYonf

txuf uvrf;vGJ

aysmufaom

odk;uJhodkY

jzpfMu\/

,ck

rlum;?

odk;xdef;wnf;[laom oifwdkY\ 0dnmOfwdkYudk tkyfpdk;MunfhI a wmf rl aom t&Sif xHodkY jyef a&mufMuNyD/

@ Episkope
"Episkope" tufyD(p)udkayonf Episkopos

\aemufqufwGJ emrfjzpf toufBuD;ol? BuD;Muyfol?

oif;tkyfwdkY\ &mxl;wm0efudk &nfTef;aMumif; New King James Version az:jyxm;ygonf

wref 1 ; 20

qmvH usrf;pmvmonfum;? ol\ae&mt&yfonf

vlqdwf nH&m t&yf jzpf ygap/

aeaomol r&SdygapESifh/ ol \t&mudkvnf; tjcm;ol&ygap[k a&;rSwfownf;/

1wdarmao 3 ; 1 oif ;tk yft&mudkawmif hwaomolonf aumif;aomtrI t&mudk awmifwonf[laom
pum;onf rSefaompum;jzpf\/

@ Episkopeo
"Episkopeo" tufyD(p)udkyDtdk onf Episkope ac: tkyfcsKyfBuD;Muyfol\ wm0ef t& vkyfaqmifcsuf
Bud,myk'fjzpfonf/ BuD;MuyftkyfcsKyfjcif;jzpfonf/
1ay

oifwdkYESifhtwl&Sdaom

bk&m;ocif\odk;awmfpkudkxdef;jcif ;

trIrSm?

tEdkifxdef;&aomaMumifhr[kwf? rpifMu,faompD;yG m;udk wyf rufaom aMumifhr[kwfbJ? tvdkvdkapwempd wfSd

MunfhItk yfxdef; Muavmh /

toufBuD;oloif;tkyfESifh tkyfcsKyfpDrHBuD;MuyfolwdkYudk EdIif;,SOfjcif;

19

az:jyyg *&da0g[m&rsm; wpfckpDwdkYudk toufBuD;ol? tkyfcsKyfBuD;Muyfol? oif;tkyf [l bmomjyefqdk&m 4if;wdkY

eD;pyfaom ESD;EG,fqufoG,frIudk uREfkyfwdkY jrif&onfh a[NAJ,HkMunfolrsm;xHodkY pma&;qufoG,f&mwGif w&m;Z&yfrsm;\
oif;tkyfrsm; acgif;aqmifrsm;\ wm0efydkif;ESifh qufpyfNyD; ]]toufBuD;ol}} [laom emrnfudk rMumcP
toHk;jyKxm;onfudk awGY&onf/
acgif;aqmifrIwm0efESifh qufpyfvsuf&Sdaom acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfonfh ]]BuD;Muyftkyf csKyfolrsm; overseers [lonfh
a0g[m&udk ]]oif;tkyf bishop }} [l bmomjyefqdk &m *&dvlrsdK; ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; ajymqdkaomtcg rMumcP
toHk;jyKaMumif; New King Jamgs Version az:jyygonf/
tajccHa0g[m& pum;ESpfvHk;Mum; ormusrf;qdkif&m tqifhtwef; uGJjym; jcm;em;rIr&Sdyg/ toif;awmfwGif;
4if;wdkYESpfckpvHk;\ wlnDaom wm0efudk jyTefxm; ygonf/ *&dvlrsdK;tcGifhtmPm&Sdol tcsdKUu toufBuD;ol Elder }}
onf vlyk*dKvfudk jyTefjcif;jzpfNyD; ]]BuD;MuyftkyfcsKyfol? oif;tkyf ]] overseer or bishop }}u 4if;wdkY\ wm0ef&mxl;udk jyTefjcif;jzpfonf[k ajymqdkMuygonf/
bkef;awmfBuD;rsm;ESifh

pyfqdkifaom

bkef;BuD;jcif;?

0gBuD;jcif;qdkif&m

&mxl;tqifhtwef;

tedrfhtjrifhudk

a'oE&toif;awmftwGuf bk&m;ocif csrSwfxm;aom owfrSwf yHkpH[l r&Sdyg/ a'oE&toif;awmfwpfyg;pDwdkY

toif;awmfudk pDrHtkyfcsKyf&ef toufBuD;olrsm; oif;tkyfrsm;udk,fpDtoD;oD;&Sd&rnf/
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;uJhodkYr[kwf

toif;awmfwpfyg;pDonf

wpfyg;ESifhwpfyg;

oD;oefYpD&Sd

udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfaom

tcGifhtmPmudk,fpD&Sd&rnf tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ qifhuJtkyfcsKyfrI pepfESifh vHk;0jcm;em;&rnf/

wrefawmfaygvk\ pHerlem
&Sifaygvkonf toif;awmfrS toufBuD;oif;tkyfrsm; (Elders) wdkYudk {zufNrdKUodkY apvTwfcJhygonf/ odkYaomf
xdkolwdkYa&mufvmaomtcg &Sifaygvku xdkolwdkYtm; tkyfcsKyfolrsm; (overseers) [kac:qdkygonf/
wref 20 ; 17 rdvufNrdKUodkYa&mufrS aygvk onf{zufNrd KUodk Y apvTwfoif ;tkyf rsm;(Elders)udkac:av\/
olwdkYonfa&mufMuaomtcg? aygvkuigonf tm&SdjynfodkY a&mufaomaeYrSp ,ckwdkifatmif oifwdkYa&SUrSm
tb,fodkY usifh aeonfudk oifwdkYodMu\/
wref 20 ; 28

xdkYaMumifh oifwdkYonf udk,fudkowdESifh MunfhIMuavmh/ bk &m;ocifonf rd rdtaoG;ESifh

0,fawmfrlaomtoif;awmfudk vkyf auR;apjcif; iSg? oefY &Sif; aom0dnmOfawmfonf oifwdkYudkttkyf tcsKyf

(Elders) cefYxm; awmfrlaom odk;pkwpkvHk; udk vnf; owdESifhMunfhI Muavmh/
oif;tkyfrsm; (odkY) toufBuD;olrsm;ESifh BuD;MuyftkyfcsKyfol overseers rsm;tm;vHk;wdkY onf odk;xdef;rsm;omjzpfMu
]]odk;xdef;}}

odkYr[kwf

]]oif;tkyfq&m}}wnf;[laom

omoemqkaus;Zl;udk

txl;oD;jcm;tyfESif;jcif;

cH&aomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/
20

wlnDaomt&nftaoG;rsm;
; 5 \oif;tkyfrsm;toufBuD;ol elders [l&Sifaygvk ac:qdkaomolwdkY\ t&nf taoG;rsm;onf

; 7

tkyfcsKyfBuD;Muyfolrsm; overseer [lac:qdkaom t&nf tcsif;rsm; wlnDaom &mxl;wm0efudk &nfGef;jyoonf/

wdwk 1 ; 5

igonfoifhudkrSmxm;ESifhonftwdkif;? ua&awuRef; rpHkvif orQwdkYudk jyifqif?

NrdKU&Gmrsm;oif;tkyf (Elders) wdkYudkcefYxm; apjcif;iSg xdkuRef; oifhudk igxm;cJh ownf;/

wdwk 1 ; 7

taMumif;rl um;? oif;tkyf (blshop)onf bk&m;ocif\ b@mpdk;uJhodkY ? tjypf wifcG ifhESifh

uif;vG wfaomoljzpf &rnf /

udk,ftvdkodkY

vdkufwwfa omol?

pd wfwdkaomol?

olwyg;udkdkuf ykwfaomol?

rpifMu,faom pD;yG m;udk wyf ruf aomolrjzpf&bJ ?

&Sifaywk\pHerlem
&Sifaywkonf oif;tkyfrsm; "elders" [l ac:qdkaomolwdkYxHodkY pma&; olwdkY tm; bk&m;ocif\ odk;rsm;udk
MunfhIaom odk;xdef;rsm;tjzpf xdkolwdkYtay: BuD;MuyftkyfcsKyfolrsm; overseers \ trIudkaqmif&GufMuyg&ef
wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmf xm;ygonf/
1ay 5 ; 1-2 oif;tk yf (Elder)t&m4if;? c&pfawmf\qif;&J 'kua0'emudk odjrifaom oufaot&m4if ;
cefYxm;aomol? xif&Sm;apawmfrlvwHhaom bkef ;toa&awmfudk qufqHaomol jzpfaom igaywk onf ?
oifwkYdwGif&Sdaom

oif;tkyf(Elder)csif;wdkYudk

awmif;yef yg\/

oifwdkYESifhtwl &Sdaom

bk&m;ocif

\odk;awmfpkudk xdef;jcif ; (Shepherd)trIrSm? tEdkif xdef;&aomaMumifhr[kwf ? rpifMu,f aompD;yG m;udk

wyfruf aomaMumifh r[kwfbJ ? tvdkvdkapwempdwf&Sd MunfhI tkyfxd ef; (overseers) Muavmh/

a'oE&toif;awmf&Sdaomoif;tkyfrsm;

(Elder)

wrefawmfrsm;\cefYtyfjcif;cH&onf
NrdKUawmfwdkif;wGif

&SdorQtoif;awmfwkdif;

wrefawmfrsm;u

oif;tkyf

(Elder)rsm;udk

bdodufay;um

cefYtyfxm;cJhMuonf/
wref 14 ; 23 toif;awmfrsm;wdkY oif;tk yfwdkYudkc efYxm;? tpma&Smif vsuf qk awmif;yXemjyKNyD;vQif?
oif;0ifolwdkY ,HkMunfaom ocifbk &m;\ vufawmfodkY xdktoif;awmfwdkYudk tyfESHMu\/

21

wdwk

4-5

qufqHaom,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh

ighom;ppfjzpfaom

wd wkudk

Mum;vdkufyg\/

igwdkYudku,f wifawmf rlaomt&Sif ocifa,Ic&pf ESifh crnf;awmf bk &m;ociftxHawmfuaus;Zl;? ukPm?

Nidfrfouf jcif ;&Sdygapaom/
igonfoifhudkrS mxm;cJhESifhonftwdkif;? ua&awuRef; rpHk viforQwdkYudk jyifqif? NrdKU&Gmrsm; oif;tkyf
(Elder)wdkYudk cefYxm;apjcif;iSg? xdkuRef; oifwdkYudk igxm;cJhownf;/

qHk;jzwfcsufcs&mulnDjcif;
wrefawmfrsm;wdkYonf wdkifyifndEdIif;&eftwGuf oif;tkyfrsm;ESifhtwlwuG pnf;a0;Mu onf/
wref 15 ; 2 xdkolwdkYESifhaygvk? AmeAwdkYonf aqG;aEG;jiif;cHkjcif;rsm;aom tcg? aygvkES ifhAmeAwdkYonf
tjcm;aomwynfhawmftcsdKUwdkY ESifhwuG?

jyem

\taMumif;aMumifh

a,k&S vifNrd KU&Sdaom

wrefawmf(apostles)wdkYESifh oif;tkyf (Elder) wdkYxHodkY oGm;&rnf taMumif;udk pD&if Mu\/

wref 15 ; 4

a,k &SvifNrdKUodkYa&muf vQif? wref awmfwdkYESifh oif ;tkyfwdkYrS p oif;0ifolrsm;wdkYwGif

vufcHjcif;aus;Zl;udkcH? rd rd wdkYtm;jzifh bk&m;ocif jyKawmfrl orQwdkY udk jyefMum;Mu\/

wref 15 ; 6 xdktcg wrefawmfwdkYESifh oif;tkyfwdkYonf xdktrIudkMunfhI qifjcif jcif;iSg pnf;a0;Mu\/
a'oE&toif;awmf

acgif;aqmifrI?

rl0g'ESifh

Mo0g'rsm;udk

qHk;jzwf&mwGif

oif;tkyf

(Elder)rsm;onf

ta&;BuD;aom tcef;u@rS ay:vGifxif&mS ;pGm yg0ifcJhMuonf/

wref 15 ; 22

xdktcg wrefawmfwdkYESifh oif;tkyf wdkYrSp oif ;0ifol taygif ;wdkYonf? rdrdwd kYtxJ

a&G;aumuf nDtpfudkwdkY udk xif&Sm;aomol wnf;[laom Am&SAtrnfopfudk&aom ,k 'ESifhodvwdkYudk?

tEdtkwfNrdKUodkY aygvk? AmeAwdkY ESifhwuG apvT wfrnftaMumif; oabmnDG wf Mu\/
wref 16 ; 4

olwdkYonf Nrd KUrsm;odkYa&SmufoG m;pOfwGif? a,k&S vifNrd KUae aom wrefawmfwdkYESifh

oif;tk yfwdkYonf pD&ifaomynwfwdkYudk toif;rsm;usifh apmifhbkdY&m tyfay;Mu\/

toif;awmfa&;&mrsm;udk pD&ifTefMum;cJhMuonf
oif;tkyfrsm;wdkYonf a'oE&toif;awmfrsm;\ jyemtcuftcJrsm;udk TefMum; qHk;jzwfay;cJhMuonf/
wref 11 ; 2930 xdk tcg wynfhawmfwdkYonf toD;oD ;wwf EdkifMuonf twdkif;? ,k 'jynfaeaom
nDtpfudkwdkYtm; tultray;vdkufrnf[k? pD&ifMuonf ESifhtnD AmeAES ifh a&S mvkwdkYwGif oif ;tkyfwdkY xHodkY
ay;vdkufMu\/

22

1wdarmao 5 ; 17 aumif; rGefpGm tkyfaom oif ;tkyfwdkY onf tvSLESpf qudk cHxdkufaomoljzpfonf [l4if ;?
w&m;a[mjcif;? qHk;rMo0g'ay;jcif;trIudk BudK;pm; tm;xkwfaomolwdkY onf? tvS LES pfqudk txl;ojzifh
cHxdkufaomoljzpf onf[l4if; rS wf&rnf/
oif;tkyfwdkY\ t&nftcsif;rsm;wGif wpfckrSm ]]oGefoif&ef wwfpGrf;Edkifol}}jzpf olwdkY onfw&m;a[mjcif; odkYr[kwf
oGefoifjcif;trItm;vHk;udk aqmif&Guf&rnf[k rqdkvdk yg/

omoema&;ig;Xme\OD;pD;oif;tkyfrsm;
omoema&;&m ig;Xme tapcHaom OD;pD;rsm;rSm oif;tkyf (Elder) rsm;jzpfonf/ &Sifaywk ESifh &Sifa,m[efwdkY\
erlemoufaoudk MunfhjrifEdkifonf/
1aywk

oif;tk yf

(Elder)t&m4if;?

c&pfawmf \

qif;&J'k ua0'emudk

odjrifaom

oufaot&m4if;? cefYxm;aomol? xif &Sm;apawmf rlvwHh aom bkef;ta&awmfudk qufqHaomoljzpfaom

igaywk onf? oifwdkYwGif&Sdaom oif;tkyfcsif;wdkYudk awmif;yef yg\/
3a,m[ef 1 ; 1

toufBuD;ol (Elder)onf cspftyfaom *g,k udkMum;vdkuf yg\/ igonf oif

rSefuefaom cspfjcif ;arwm&Sd \/

]],HkMunfaomoefY&Sif;olwdkYtm;

omoemtrIawmfaqmifjcif;twGuf

jyKpkysdK;axmif

ay;&ef}}

ocifa,Ionf

rdrdtoif;awmf wrefawmfrsm;? ya&mzufrsm;? {0Ha*vd omoemjyKq&mrsm;? oif;tkyfq&mrsm;ESifh "rq&mrsm;wdkYudk

zGJUpnf;twlwuG yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifapygonf/ Hk;vkyfief;wm0efw&yftjzpf odkYomoema&;&m aqmif&Guf&ef
ormusrf;pm b,faomtcgrQ Gef;qdkxm;jcif;r&Sday/ rnfodkYqdk apumrl xdkomoema&;XmewpfckpD yg0ifaom
trIawmfaqmifwdkYonf toif;awmf wpfckpD udk,fpm;jyKaom oif;tkyfrsm;vnf; jzpfMuonf/

oif;tkyfrsm;\omoema&;&m
vHkNcHKpGmMunfhIapmifha&Smuf&ef rdrdwdkYtm; tyfESHxm;onfh odk;rsm;udk auR;arG;jyKpkjcif; twGuf oif;tkyfrsm;onf
a'oE&toif;awmfwpfyg;pDwdkYodk;xdef;trIudkaqmif&Guf aomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/
1aywk 5 ; 1-3

oif;tk yft&m4if;? c&pfawmf\ qif;&J'ku a0'emudk od jrif aomoufaot&m4if; ?

cefYxm;aomol? xif&Sm;apawmfrlvwHhaom bkef;taoa&awmfudk qufqHaomoljzpfaom igaywkonf ?

oifwdkYwGif&Sd aom oif;tkyfcsif;wdkYudk awmif;yefyg\/ oifwdkYESifhtwl &Sdaom bk&m;ocif\ odk;awmfpkud k
xdef;jcif;trIrSm? tEdkifxdef;&aomaMumifhr[kwf? rpifMu,faom pD;yGm;udk wufruf aomaMumifhr[kwfbJ ?
tvdkvdkapwempdwf&Sd MunfhI tkyfxdef;Muavmh/ toD;toD;tk yfaom toif;awmf wdkYudk tmPmxm;
tpdk;w&jyKonfr[kwfbJ? odk;awmfpka&SUrSm yHk oufaoudk jyKaomoljzpfMuavmh/

omoema&;&mig;Xme oif;tkyfwdkYyg0ifjcif;
23

oefY&Sif;aom

,HkMunfolwdkYudk

omoema&;&mig;XmewdkY
bdodufr*FvmwdkYudk

jyKpkysKd ;axmif&ef

{zufMo0g'pm

cefYtyfxm;awmfrljcif;cH&aom

olwdkYtm;

wduspGmtyfESif;xm;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/

a&G;aumufawmfrljcif;cH&aom

odk;xdef;wdkY

onf

tcef;BuD;
bk&m;

odk;rsm;udk

omoema&;&m

az:jy

ocifu

xm;onfh

aus;Zl;awmfESifh

auR;arG;MunfhIapmifha&Smuf&ef

ig;XgewdkYrS

&&Sdaom

aus;Zl;awmfESifh

bdodufjcif;udkcH&&ef trSef vdktyfaMumif; xif&Sm;pGmjrif&onf/ a'oE&toif;awmf &SdaomtoufBuD;olrsm; rSm

omoema&;&mXmexJodkY

bk&m;ocif

cefYxm;awmfrlaom

oif;tkyfrsm;jzpfMuyg

onf/ xdkolwpfOD;csif;pDonf

ormw&m;ESifhqdkifaom oif;tkyfjzpfjcif;\ t&nf tcsif;rsm;tm;vHk;ESifhjynfhrSDaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ olwdkYonf

aumif;rGefpGm tkyfcsKyf Edkifjcif;aMumifh wm0efvTJtyfjcif;cH&onf/
1wdarmao 5 ; 17 aumif;rGefpG m tkyf aomoif;tkyf wdkYonf tvSLESpf qudk cHxdkuf aomoljzpfonf[l4if;?
w&m;a[mjcif;? qHk;rMo0g'ay;jcif;trIudk BudK;pm;tm;xk wf aomol wdkYonf? tvS LES pfqudk txl;ojzifh
cHxdkufaomol jzpfonf [l4if;rSwf&rnf/
oif;tkyfrsm;\t&nftcsif;wdkYwGif

wpfckrSm

olwdkYonf

oGefoifjcif;udkjyKEdkifNyD;?

a'oE&toif;awmfwGif

w&m;a[mjcif;(odkYr[kwf)qHk;roGefoifjcif; &SdorQtm;vHk; udk vkyfaqmifEdkif&rnf[k qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfyg/

aqmif&GufrIrsm;
wrefawmfrsm;ESifh
oif;tkyfrsm;udk

ya&mzufwdkYtm;jzifh
cGJcefYxm;cJhMu

tkwfjrpfcsNyD;onfhaemufwGif

xdkodkYcefYtyfjcif;cH&aom

olwdkYonf

olwdkYrSm

a'oE&

wrefawmfrsm;?

toif;awmfwdkY
ya&mzufrsm;ESifh

tjcm;aomoif;tkyfrsm;\ vufwifbdodwf ay;jcif;tm;jzifh omoemhabmifwGif; oif;tkyfq&mrsm; "rq&mrsm;[l

cGJcefYxm;

jcif;?

todrSwfjyKjcif;ESifh

xyfqifhapvTwfjcif;cH&aom

bk&m;ocif

a&G;aumufawmf

rlonfh

"rtrIawmfaqmifrsm;jzpfvmMuonf/
xdkenf;wl oif;tkyfq&mrsm;ESifh "rq&mrsm;tjzpf wm0efay;ceft
Y yfjcif;cH&aomol wdkYtm;jzifh ,HkMunfolwdkYonf
EIwfuywfawmf

wnfaqmufjcif;?

pnf;urf;wus

jyKpkysdK;axmif?

oGefoifavhusifhay;jcif;jzifh

bk&m;ocifa&G;aumufawmfrlaom olrsm; jzpfvm oif;tkyrf sm;ESifh "rq&mrsm;\ vufwifbdodwfay;jcif;jzifh

{0Ha*vd"r q&mtjzpf cGJcefYxm;jcif; todtrSwfjyKjcif;? omoemvkyfief;cGifodkY xyfqifhapvTwf jcif;trIudk
jyKMuonf/ {0Ha*vdq&monf a'oE& toif;awmf&Sdaom ,HMk unfol rsm;udk erdwfvuPmESifh pHkvifaom
{0Ha*vdvIyf&Sm;rItwGif;odkY
avhusifhysKd;axmif

a&muf&Sdatmif

ay;rSomvQif

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udk,fcEmonf

&ifhusufvm

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trIawmfvkyfief;twGuf

wpfckpDudk

pHkvifpGm

toHk;

awmfcHvmEdkifrnfjzpfonf/

24

"ropftoif;awmftkyfcsKyfa&;
vlwdkYwnfaxmifaom tpnf;tHk;? toif;tzGJU odkYr[kwf bmoma&;*kdPf;*e wpfck r[kwf&bJ a'oE&
toif;awmf&Sd wrefawmfrsm;? oif;tkyfrsm; odkYr[kwf BuD;Muyf tkyfcsKyforl sm;tjzpf ac:awmfrljcif;cH&aom
trIawmfaqmifolwdkY
pepfomjzpf

pyfMum;

&rnf/

0dnmOf

rdom[m,qufEG,yf l;aygif;jcif;wnf;[laom

omoemqkaus;Zl;

ig;rsdK;wdkY

toif;awmftkyfcsKyfa&;

pHkvifpGmvnfygwfvkyfaqmif&ef

taumif;

txnfaz:aepOftawmtwGif; oif;tkyfrsm; BuD;Muyfolrsm;? pDrHtkyfcsKyfolrsm;ESifh *dkPf;tkyfrsm;wdkYonf 4if;wdkYESifhom

oufqdkifaomtoif;awmf\ tjyifbuf vIyf&Sm; Mu\/ olwdkY\ a'oE&toif;awmfu apvTwfaomtcgrSomvsif
qkaus;Zl;rsm;\ vkyfaqmifrIwdkYudk jyify vIyf&Sm;jyoMuonf/
tjcm;aomtoif;awmfrsm;tm;

tkyfcsKyf

uGyfuJrnfh

]]rdciftoif;awmfBuD;}}

jzpfvm

rnfhtpm;

a'oE&

toif;awmfonf,HkMunfolwdkYudk trIawmftwGuf apvTwfonfh pHkvifaom cEmjzpf&rnf/ rdrdwdkY\trIawmfjrwf

vkyfief;udk omoemrI ig;XmeuJhodkY pHkvifjynfh0atmif vkyfaqmifrnfh trIawmfaqmifrsm;udkom olwdkYapvTwfMuonf/
wrefawmfrsm;ESifh ya&mzufrsm;\ tkwfjrpfcsjcif;? toif;awmfwnfaxmifjcif;ESifh toif;awmfwdkif; oif;tkyfwdkYudk
cGJcefYrIjyKouJhodkY olwdkYonf eufeJaom 0dnmOfa&; &m rdo[m,udk wnfaxmifjyXmef;Muonf/ 0dnmOfa&;&m
rdo[m, qufqHjcif; onfomvsif toif;awmfESpfckMum; qufEG,frIudk cdkifcHhapaom wpfckwnf;aom t&mjzpfonf/
omoemrIa&;&m ig;Xme yg0ifaomolwdkYtcsif;csif; cdkifcHhNrJNrHaom 0dnmOfqufqHa&;vnf;&Sdonf/

a'oE&toif;awmfrsm;acgifa;qmifaeaomoif;tkyfrsm;
wrefawmfrsm;tm;jzifh

cefYtyfxm;jcif;cH&aom

a'oE&toif;awmf

omoema&;&m

oif;tkyfrsm;wdkYonf

qkaus;Zl;ig;rsdK;xJrS

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wpfckudk

vkyfaqmif&ef

cGJcefYxm;onfh
xif&Sm;odompGm

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wpfOD;csif;ESifh

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arma&SudkMunfhyg/
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wpfa,mufa,mufonf

OD;aqmifOD;&GufjyKolacgif;aqmifoif;tkyfq&monf
xdkodkYaomolonf

bk&m;ocif\

a'oE&toif;awmf&Sdonfh
rdrdtm;ac:awmfrl

oif;tkyf(odkY)

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wref

oif;tkyfrsm;ESifh

onfhqkaus;Zl;tm;jzifh4if;?

OD;aqmifoif;tkyfjzpfNrJyifjzpfonf/
odk;xdef;

qkaus;Zl;

awmfrsm;ESifh
,HkMunfolrsm;u

bdoduftm;jzifh4if;?

udk&avh&Sdoljzpfonf/

ya&mzufrsm;wdkYu

twnfjyK

todtrSwfjyKcefYtyfMuonf/

lygHkESifhOD;aqmifEdkifpGrf;&SdaomaMumifh

todrSwfjyKjcif;cH&onfh OD;aqmifoif;tkyfwpfrsKd;vnf; &Sdao;onf/

25

owif;pum;jzefYa0ol
Asm'dwfusrf;pm

xdkodkYaomoludk

aumif;uifwref[l

&nfTef;cJhMuonf/

*&d

bmompm;

Aggelos

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Asm'dwf

{zufNrd KU&Sdaom

vusfmvufMu,fckepfvHk;udkudkif?

toif;awmf\

a&TrD;cGufckepfvHk;

wref awmfudk

tv,f

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rS mvdkufavmh /

ol\trd efYawmf um;?

oiftusifhusifhjcif;? yifyef ;pGm vkyfaqmif jcif ;? onf;cHjcif;udkigod\/

ppfrSefaomvkyfaz:aqmifbuf
&Sifaygvkonf zdvdydtoif;awmfrS OD;aqmifaeaom oif;tkyfq&mudk &nfTef; ]]vkyfaz:aqmifbuf ppf}}
[lxdkoludk &nfTef;&mwGif pum;ay:aygufvmjcif; jzpfwef&monf/
zdvdyd

4 ; 3

tcsif;ighvkyfabmfaqmifbuf ppf? oifhudkvnf;igawmif;yef\/ igESifh uavrif rSp

toufpm&if;0ifaom tjcm;aomig\vk yfabmf aqmifbuf wdkYESifhtwl {0H a*vdw&m;udk a[majymaomtrI

ulnDBudK;pm; tm;xkwfaom rdef;rwdkYudk rp axmufyHhygavmh/

OD;aqmifoif;tkyf,mukyf
a,I&SvifNrdKUtoif;awmf

tjcm;aom

OD;aqmifoif;tkyfwpfyg;jzpfaMumif;

oif;tkyfrsm;tay:

xif&Sm;onf/

oif;tkyftm;vHk;

OD;aqmifOD;&GufjyKaom
wdkYonf

&Sif,mukyfonf

wrefawmfrsm;ESifh

awGUqHk

Mo0g'ESifhpyfqdkifaom ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG; qifjcifMuonf/

wref 15 ; 6 xdktcg wrefawmfwdkYESifh oif;tkyfwdkYonf xdktrIudkMunfhI qifjcifjcif;iS g pnf;a0;Mu\/
wref

15

1319

xdkolwdkYonf

tukeftpifajymqdkNyD;rS

,mukyfu?

nD tpfudkwdkY?

ighpum;udkem;axmifMuavmh/
xdkaMumifh? wyg;trsdK;om;wdkYtxJrS bk&m;ocif xHawmfodkY ajymif;vJaomol wdkY udk raESmifh &SufbJvsuf?
oif;tkyfq&mtm;vHk;wdkYonf aemufxyfay:xGufvmaom Mo0g'ydkif;qdkif&m ar;cGef; wdkYudk pOf;pm;qifjcif&mwGif
yg0ifcJhMuonf/ rnfodkYqdkapumrl xdkolwdkYwGif &Sif,mukyfrSm aemufqHk;aom pD&ifqHk;jzwfcsufcs&mwGif OD;pD;
(odkYr[kwf)OD;aqmif& aom oif;tkyfq&mjzpfonf/
oif;tkyfrsm;ESifh wrefawmftm;vHk;wdkYonf toif;awmfwpfckvHk; aumif;BuD;r*Fvm &&SdcHpm;&ap&ef wwf<upGm
yg0ifvkyfaqmif pD&ifqHk;jzwf&mwGif tifwdkuftm;wdkuf yg0ifcJhMuonfrSm ay:vGifxif&Sm;onf/

26

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29

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31

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32

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ac:awmfrl

cefYxm;jcif;cH&olwdkY

tu,fuREfkyfwdkYu

uREfkyfwdkY\

rdefYawmfrlouJhodkY
tm;

todtrSwfjyKum

oif;tkyfq&mtm;

uREfkyfwdkYonf
vufcH

]]nDtpfudk,mukyf}}[l

ac:qdkjcif;jyKcJhvQif wpfcsdef wnf; ol\oif;tkyfjzpfjcif;udk todtrSwfjyKvsuf av;pm;MunfndKjcif;udkvnf; jyK& rnf/

tjcm;aom omoemig;Xmersm;\ qkaus;Zl;wdkif; tapcHyg0ifaom trIawmf aqmifwdkif;udkvnf; todtrSwfjyKvsuf
av;pm;MunfndKjcif;udk xdkenf;wl xif&Sm;pGm jyK&rnf/ avmuxJ bGYJxl;*kPfxl;udk &SmazGaomolwdkYudkrlum;
]]{0Ha*vdw&m;\ "rq&mrsm;}}[lom uREfkyfwdkYxif&Sm;pGmydkif;jcm;Edkifonf/
33

jyefvSefavhusifh&efar;cGef;rsm;
1/

a'oE&toif;awmf bk&m;ocifjyXmef;awmfrlcJhonfh &mxl;ESpfrsdK;wdkYum; tb,f enf;/

2/

oif;tkyfrsm;?

BuD;Muyfa&;rSL;rsm;?

*dkPf;tkyrf sm;Mum;

rnfonfhuGJjym;jcm;em;rIrsm;udk

ormusrf;pmxJ

uREfkyfwdkYawGU&ygoenf;/

3/

"ropftoif;awmfrsm; oif;tkyfrsm;\ zGJUpnf;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;udkaz:jyyg/

34

tcef; (3)
wrefawmf\trIawmfaqmifjcif;vkyfief;
1aum&dEK 12 ; 28

bk&m;ocifonf yXrt&m wrefawmfwdkYudk4if;? 'k wd, t&m ya&mzufwdkYudk4if;?

wwd,t&mq&mwdkYudk4if;?

xdkaemufwefcdk;jy

Nidrf;apEdkifaomtcGifh&Sdaomoludk4if;?

aomolwdkY

oif ;axmufwdkY

udk4if;?
udk4if;?

xdkaemuftema&m*gudk
pD&iftkyfpdk;aomolwdkYudk4if;?

trsdK;rdsK;aombmompum;udkajym Edkif aomol wdkYudk4if;? toif;awmfcefYxm;awmf rl\/

{zuf 4 ; 11

]] c&pf awmf \udk,fawmf udk wnfaqmuf? "rq&m\trI udk jyKwwf rnf taMumif ;?

ed'gef;
t"dyg,fzGifhqdkcsuf
wrefawmfqdkonfrSm

toif;awmfrsm;udk

bk&m;ocif\

EIwfuywfawmfppfppftay:

tkwfjrpfcs

wnfaxmif&eftcGifhtmPmudk ay;tyf apvTwfjcif;cH&aomol jzpfonf/

olonf

vef;qef;wuf<uaom

toif;awmfrsm;udk

EIwfuywfawmfvmonfhtwdkif;

pifMu,faom

Mo0g'ESifh

vufawGUusaom qHk;roGefoifjcif;rsm;jzifh cGeftm;jznfh ay;oljzpfonf/

xdkolonf

oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\

xdk;xGif;jcif;todOmPfjzifh

&J&ifhjcif;ESifh4if;?

tcGifhtmPmjzifh4if;?

trIawmfaqmifvdrfhrnf/ olonf omoema&;&m qkaus;Zl;rsm; tm;vHk;udk avQmufygwfpGm vnfygwfapum

oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ qkaus;Zl; tm;vHk;wdkYudkvnf; cGJcefYpDrHaqmif&Gufvdrfhrnf/
olonfbk&m;ocifESifh wpfOD;csif; eufdIif;aom qufqHa&;udk wnfaqmufouJhodkY rdrdjyKpkorQaom olwdkYtay:vnf;
]]zcif}}uJhodkY apwempdwfxm;vdrfhrnf/
tHhMobG,ftrIESifh

temNidrf;jcif;

erdwfvuPmwdkYonf

ol\omoemjyK&m

0ef;usif

pOfqufrjywf

vufawGUjzpfay:vsufaeonf/ 0dnmOfawmfESifh rdo[m,uRrf;0if onfh tm;avsmfpGm ol\omoemh qkaus;Zl;rsm;udk

tjcm;aom toif;awmfrsm;ESifh omoemvkyfief;rsm;wdkYu todtrSwfjyKjcif;? vufct
H wnfjyKjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfvdrfhrnf/
oljyKaomomoemtrIrSm vlrIqufqHa&;toif;tzGJUESifh *dkPf;*etzGJUtpnf;r[kwf yg/ uJhodkYaom 0dnmOfa&;&m
qufEG,frIrSwqifh wrefawmfonf tkyfcsKyfuGyfuJrI udkjyK ,HkMunfolwdkY\ toufwmrsm;? omoemvkyfief;rsm;ESifh
toif;awmfrsm;

twGif;odkY

xdk;azguf0ifa&mufvmaom

vSnfhzsm;rIrsm;rS

umuG,f&efvdktyfovdk

pnf;urf;wusyJhjyifqHk;rjcif;? tjypf0efcaH pjcif;? cdkifNrJpGm&yfwnfapjcif;wdkYudk vkyfaqmifay;onf/ wrefawmfonf

ya&mzufXmeESifh

wGJzufvsuf

oif;tkyfrsm;udk

cefYxm;jcif;?

bdodufay;jcif;wdkYudkvkyfaqmif

onfomru
35

bk&m;ocifac:awmfrlonfh wpfcsdKUaom ,HkMunfolrsm;\ toufwmrsm;tay: twnfjyK omoem qkaus;Zl;jzifh

vkyfaqmifapum wm0efay; apvTwfjcif;udk jyKvkyfvdrfhrnf/
tjcm;aomolrsm;tay: oefY&Sif;0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;jzifh vufwifjcif;trIjyKEdkif&ef wrefawmfonf ,HkMunfolwdkYudk
oefY&Sif;0dnmOfwefcdk;rsm; a0rQoGyfoGif;jcif;ESifh appm;jcif;trIudkvnf; jyKvdrfhrnf/
wrefawmfonf

tcGifhtmPmjzifh

olonftcGifhtmPmatmuf&Sdaom

trIawmfaqmif&Gujf cif;?
vlwpfa,mufomjzpfonf/

ajymqdkjcif;udkvkyfaomf
tb,f

vnf;

aMumifhqkdaomf

olUtm;apvTwfaomolwdkYjzpfonf tjcm;aomwrefawmfrsm; ESifh oif;tkyfrsm;odkY tusdK;taMumif; tpD&ifcH&ef

wm0ef&Sdao;onf/

]]wrefawmf }} "Apostle" [laoma0g[m&\rl&if;

*&da0g[m& "apostolos" tydkpwdkvdk(p)\ qdkvdk&if;rSm apvTwfjcif;cH&ol[l jzpfonf/

"apostolos"[laom

pum;onf

*&dbmom\

xdwfxdwfBuJtodkif;0dkif;u

toHk;jyK

udpaqmif&Guf&ef apvTwfvdkufaomol (odkY) oHwref[k &nfTef;yg onf/ xdkpum;vHk;rSm

vdIU0Sufaom

udkvdkeDe,fy,fopfudk

wnfaxmif&ef &nf&G,fcsufjzifh apvTwfvdkufaom vQifjrefayghyg;onfh oabFmrsm;udkac:a0:&mwGif toHk;jyKonf/

xdkpum;udkyif oabFmwyfudkOD;aqmifol (odkY) udkvdkeDe,fy,fopfudkwnfaxmif OD;aqmif&ef apvTwfjcif;cH&ol[kvnf;
toHk;jyKonf/
odkYjzpf "apostle"

[laompum;udk tus,fcsJUygu rdrdtm; apvTwfcJhaomolwdkY tay: opm&Sdaom

qufEG,frIudkaz:jyovdk apvTwfjcif;cH&aom taMumif;&if;ESifh &nf&G,fcsuftay: opm&Sdjcif;udk az:jy&mwGifvnf;

toHk;jyKonf/
a[NAJ 3 ; 1 2

xdkodkY jzpf vQif? aumif;uifbHkESifhpyfqdkifaom ac:bd wfawmf rljcif;aus;Zl;udkcH&aomol ?

oefY&Sif;aomnD tpfudkwdkY? igh udk0ef cHaomwrefawmf ESifh ,Zfya&m[dwf rif;wnf;[l aom a,I\taMumif;udk
aphaphqifjcifMu

avmh/

arma&Sonfbk&m;ocif\

tdrfawmfwpftdrf vHk;

opmapmifhouJhodkY?

a,IonfrdrdudkcefYxm;awmf rlaom ol \trIawmf opmapmifhawmfrl \/

wrefawmfonf rdrdtm; apvTwfvdkufaomoltwGuf trSefyif jrifomatmif ay:vGifxif&Sm;apoljzpf&ygrnf/
ocifa,Ionf BuD;jrwfaom wrefawmfBuD;jzpf rdrdtm;apvTwfawmfrlaom tzbk&m;\ tvdkawmfudk opm&SdpGm
udk,fpm;jyK&efESifh toif;awmfudk wnfaxmif&ef aqmif&Gufoljzpfonf/
a[NAJ 10 ; 7 usrf ;pmvdyf tuREfkyfudk trSwfjyKa&;xm;onfESifhtnD? tuREfkyfonfudk,fawmf\tvdkudk
aqmiftHhaomiS goGm;ygrnf [k tuREfkyf0efcH ygonf[k avQmufqdk\/

36

wrefawmfqdkif&momoemhtqifhrsm;
a,Ic&pfawmf BuD;jrwfaomwrefawmf
BuD;jrwfaom wrefawmftaejzifh a,Ionf rdrdtvdktavQmuf <uvmawmfrrlbJ crnf;awmfapvTwfjcif;aMumifh
<uvm&jcif;jzpfonf/

udk,fawmftm;

vkyfaqmifcJhonf/

udk,fawmfudk

apvTwf

vkyfaqmifaponfh

vufcHolonf

tvkyfudkomudk,fawmfNyD;ajrmufatmif

crnf;awmfudkvufcHjcif;jzpfonf/

BuD;jrwfaom

wrefawmfBuD;jzpfvifhupm; tjcm;aomwrefawmftm;vHk;twGuf omoem\ pHerlem yHkoufaojzpfcJhonf/

a[NAJ 3 ; 1

]]xdkodkYjzpf vQif? aumif;uifbHkESifhpyfqdkifaom ac:bd wf awmf rl jcif; aus;Zl;udkcH&aomol?

oefY&Sif;aomnD tpfudkwdkYudk?

igwdkY0ef cHaom

wref

awmf ESif h

,Zf yka&m[dwfrif;wnf;[laom

a,I\taMumif;udk apaphqif jcif Muavmh /

a,m[ef 5 ; 30

]]igonfudk,ftvdktavsmuf tb,ftrIudkrQrjyKEdkif/ igonfMum;onfhtwdkif; pD&if\?

igpD&ifjcif;onf vnf;

w&m;awmf ESifhnD Gwf\

taMumif ;rlum;?

igonfudk,ftvdkodkYrvdkuf?

igudkhapvTwfawmfrlaom crnf;awmf\ tvdkodkYvdkuf\/

a,m[ef 6 ; 38 taMumif;rlum; igonfudk,ftvdkodkY vdkufjcif;iSg aumif;uifrS qif;oufonf r[kwf/
ighudkapvTwfawmfrlaomol \ tvdkodkY vdkuf j cif;iS g qif;ouf\/

wrefawmfwpfq,fhESpfyg;
yxrOD;qHk;

wrefawmfwpfq,fhESpfyg;wdkYrSm

ocifa,Iac:awmfrl

ajray:

omoemvkyfief;

cefYxm;cJhaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/

Asm'dwf

vkyfaqmif

usrf;xJ

pOftawmtwGif;

olwt
dkY m;

]]odk;oli,f\

wrefawmfwpfq,fhESpfyg;}}[l&nfTef;xm;yg onf/
Asm'dwf 21 ; 14 NrdKUdk;tjrpf onf wq,fES pfxyf&Sd\/ okd;oi,f\wrefawmf wq,fhESpf yg;wdkY\ emrwdkYonf
NrdKUdk;tjrpf ay: a&;xm;vsuf &Sd\/
&Sifaygvku wq,fhESpfyg;aom wrefawmfwdkYtm; ]]tBuD;qHk;aom wrefawmfrsm;}} [l &nfTef;cJhygonf/
2aum&dEK 11 ; 5 igonftBuD;qHk;aom wrefawmfatmuf tvQif;r,kwf onfudk igoabm&Sd\/

"ropfusrf;ygtjcm;aomwrefawmfrsm;
crnf;awmfxHodkY

wuf<uawmfrlNyD;aemufydkif;vnf;

omoemhqkaus;Zl;rsm;udkvnf;

toif;awmfodkY

ocifa,Ionf

qufvuf

ay;tyf

wrefawmfrsm;
cJhaMumif;

tm;ay;tyfcJhonfh

{zufMo0g'

t&
37

uREfkyfwdkYod&SdcJhNyD;jzpfonf/

xdkYaMumifhrlv

]]tBuD;qHk;

aomwrefawmfrsm;}}tjyif

tjcm;aomwrefawmftrsm;tjym;&Sdao;onf

@ ta`EmedwfESifh,ked
a&mr 16 ; 7
xdkolwdkYonf

igESifhtwl tusOf ;cH&aomol? ightrsdK;om;csif; ta`EmedwfES ifh ,k edudkEIwfquf Muavmh/

wref awmf rsm;wGif

toa&xif&Sm;aom

ol jzpf Mu\/

ight &ifwynfhawmfrsm;tjzpfodkY

a&mufaomol vnf;jzpfMu\/

@ tmaygvk
1aum&dEK 4 ; 6 9

nDtpfudkwdkY? oifwdkYonf usrf;pmudkvGef olwyg;udk rdk aotyf[k igwdkYudk

axmufem;vnfapjcif;iSg?

rmepdwfaxmif vTm;onfES ifh

wa,mufudkrSD0J

igqdkcJhNyD;aom

tcsufoifwdkY\

wa,mufudkjiif;qef jcif ;r&Sda pjcif;iSg4if;?

tusdK;udkaxmufigESifhtmaygvkudk yHkaqmifvsuf qdk ownf;/

owfbdkY&mxm;aomoluJhodkY

tjcm;aomolrsm;aemuf

xkwfjyawmf rlonf[kigxif \/

taMumif;rlum;?

wrefawmfwnf;[laom

igwdkYudkbk &m;ocif

igwdkYonf

avmuDom;rsm;ES ifh

aumif;uifwrefrsm;rsufarSmuf yGJ0ifaomoljzpf Mu\/

@ AmeAESifhaygvk
wref 14 ; 4 14

xdkNrdKUol Nrd KUom;taygif;wdkYonf uGJ jym;jcif;&Sd? tcsdKUwdkY onf,k'vlwdkYbuf4if ;?

tcsdKUwdkYonf wrefawmfwdkYbuf4if ;? aeMu\/

wrefawmfAmeAESifh aygvk wdkYonf odwif;Mum;vQif ? rdrd wdkYt0wfudkqk wf vkpk xJodkYajy;0if vsuf tcsif;vlwdkY ?
tb,faMumifh odkYjyKMu&oenf;/

@ {yajzm'dwf
zdvdyd

25

ighudkjyKpkolwnf;[laom

odkYaomfvnf;
oifwdkYwref?

aqmif&Gufjcif;?
ighnD{yajzm'dwfudk

ppfwdk ufjcif ;trI

oifwdkY&Sd&m

odkY

ig\taygif;

tabmf?

,ckapvTwfoifhonf[k

igxifrSwf\/

@ ocifbk&m;\nDawmf,mukyf
*vmwd 1 ; 19

olESifh ocifbk &m;\ nDawmf,mukyfrSwyg; tjcm;aom wrefawmf wa,mufudkrQ

igrawGUrjrif/
38

@ rd
wref 1 ; 26

pma&;wHcsMuojzifh rdonfpma&;wHudk&? wpf usdyf wpfyg; aom wrefawmfwdkYESifh

a&wGuf 0ifjcif;odkY a&mufav\/

@ odvTmEkESifh wdarmao
1oufomavmedwf 1 ; 1
wnf&Sdaom

aygvk? odvT mEk? wdarmaowdkYonf crnf;awmf bk&m;ES ifh ocifa,I c&pf

oufomavmedwf NrdKUom;

toif;awmf

udk

Mum;vdkuf yg\/

ocifa,I c&pf ESifh

igwdkYtbwnf;[laom bk&m;ocifh txHawmfu aus;Zl;awmfESifh Nidrfouf jcif;onf oif wdkY&Sdygapaom/

1ouf omavmedwf 2 ; 6

xdkrSwyg;? c&pfawmf\ wrefawmfjzpf ? av;aom0efudkwifydkifaomfvnf;?

vlay;aom bkef;toa&udk oifwdkYwGifr&Sm? tjcm;olwdkYwGifvnf;r&SmbJ? oifwdkYwGifjznf;nif;pGmjyKMu\/

@ wdwk
2aum&dEK 8 ; 23 wdwk onf tb,fodkYaomolenf ;[k wpfpHkwpfa,muf ar; vQif? ig\taygif;tabmf jzpf\/
oifwdkYtrIudkigESifhtwl

aqmif&Gufaomol

vnf;jzpf\/

tjcm;aomnDtpfudkwkdYrlum;?

tb,fodkYaomolenf;[kar;vQif? toif;awmf rsm;\ wrefjzpf Mu\/ c&pfawmf\bkef;toa&vnf; jzpfMu\/

,aeY\wrefawmfrsm;
aumif;uifodkYwuf<uawmfrljcif;?
{0Ha*vdq&mrsm;?

omoemqkaus;Zl;rsm;wGif

oif;tkyfq&mrsm;?

"rq&mrsm;udk

wrefawmfrsm;ESifh
vnf;

ya&mzufrsm;

ocifa,Ionf

yg0ifouJhodkY

aumif;uifodkYrwuf<urD

rdrdtoif;awmftm; tyfay; awmfrlcJhonf/ xdkt&mtm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\vlwdkYtm; ]]omoemtrIudk vkyfaqmif &ef}}

twGuf toif;awmfwGif; jyifqifjcif;jzpfygonf/ enf;tm;jzifh c&pfawmf\ udk,fcEm (toif;awmf)onf
&ifhusufjcif;odkYa&muf udk,fawmf\ pHkvifawmfrjl cif; twdkif;twmw&yfvHk;odkY rDonfhwdkif bk&m;ocif\ om;awmfudk
oduRrf;jcif;ESifh ,HkMunfjcif;wGif wpfv;Hk wpf0 wnf; jzpfonftxd wnfaqmuf&efjzpfonf/
yef;wdkifrsm;onf c&pfawmf\ udk,fcEmtwGif; tjynfht0r&&Sdao;onfjzpf&m ocifa,Iay;awmfrlcJhonfh
omoemqkaus;Zl;rsm;tm;vHk;onf

,aeYtoif;awmf

wGif;

qufvufvnfygwf&OD;rnfjzpfonf/

odkYvQif

wrefawmft&mESifh ya&mzuf t&mwdkYonfvnf; tygt0ifjzpfonf/

39

wrefawmfwpfOD;\t&nftcsif;rsm;
oif;tkyfrsm;ESifh xyfwlnDrQjcif;
wrefawmfrsm;tm;vHk;wdkYonf toif;awmf oif;tkyfrsm;jzpfMuonfjzpf&m olwdkY onf 1wdarmao 3 ; 1-7 ESifh wdwk
1 ; 6-9 wdkYygonfh oif;tkyfrsm;\ taxG axGt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh udkufnD&rnfjzpfonf/ (oifcef;pm2
oif;tkyfrsm;\ t&nftcsif; udkMunfhyg)

zcifwpfOD;\ESvHk;om;ESifh cspfjcif;arwm
wrefawmfwpfOD;onf ppfrSefaom zcifwpfOD;\ pdwfESvHk;rsdK;ESifh cspfjcif;arwmrsdK; &Sd&rnf/
1aum 4 ; 15-16 oifwdkY wGif c&pfawmf \taMumif;udk oif ay;aom q&m waomif;&Sdjim;aomf vnf;?
tbtrsm;r&Sd? {0Ha*vdw&m;tm;jzifh igonfoif wdkYudk a,Ic&pfjzpfyG m;apNyD / odkYjzpf igusifhonfhenf;wl
oifwdkYonf usifh MurnftaMumif; igEdI;aqmfawmif;yef\/
1aum 13 ; 14-7

wwd,tBudrfwGif oifwdkYqDodkYigvmrnf jzpf? ouf aocHESpfOD ;oHk;OD ;tm;jzifh

pum;&SdorQwdkY onfwnf &vdrhf rnf/

taMumif ;rlum;? xdkc&pfawmf onf tm;enf ;jcif;ESifh vuf0g;uyfwdkifrS m taocH aomf vnf; bk&m;ocif\
wefcdk;awmfES ifh touf&S ifawmfrl\/ igwdkY onfvnf ; c&pfawmf\enf;wl tm;enf;aomfvnf ; oif wdkYwGif
jyaombk &m;

ocif\wef cdk;awmftm;jzifh

,HkMunfjcif;wnfoavm?

rwnf avm[k

tppfrcHEdkifaomolrrS efvQif?

c&pfawmfES ifhtwl

touf&Sifjcif;&SdMuvdrfhrnf/

udk,fudk udk,fppfaMumMu

a,Ic&pfonf

avmh/

oifwdkYonf

udk,fudkukd,fpHkprf;Muavmh/

oifwdkYwnfawmf rlonf[k

udk,ftaMumif;udk

udk,frodMuoavm/ igwdkYonf tppfcHEdkifaMumif;udk xif&Sm;apjcif;iSg igtvdk&Sdonfr[kwf/ tppfrcHEdkifaom

oluJhodkYxifaomfvnf;?

oif wdkYonf

aumif;rG efpGm

usifhapjcif;iSg?

raumif;

aomtusifhwpHkwckudkrQ

rusifhrnftaMumif;? igonf bk&m;ocifudk qkawmif; yXmejyK\/

erdwfvuPmrsm;? tHhbG,ft&mrsm;? xl;qef;aomwefcdk;rsm;

wrefawmfwpfOD;\ omoemvkyfief; erdwfvuPmrsm;? thHbG,ft&mrsm; xl;qef; aomwefcdk;rsm; tpOfjzpfae&rnf/
2aum

12

12

tu,f pifppf onf;cHjcif;ESifhwuG

edrdwf vu Pm

tHhbG,f

aomtrI?

xl;qef ;aomwefcdk;rsm;tm;jzifh wrefawmf\vuPmwdkYudk oifwdkY wGif xif &Sm;pG mjyNyD/

wref 2 ; 43 vltaygif;wdkY onf aMumuf vefYjcif;&Sdonfjzpf wrefawmf wdkYonf rsm;pGmaomedrd wfvuPm?
tHhbG,faomtrIwdkYudk jyKMu\/
40

edrfhcsjcif;jzifhoGm;vmvkyfaqmifjcif;
wrefawmfwpfOD;onf rmefrmeuif; ESdrfhcsjcif;jzifh oGm;vmvkyfaqmif&rnf/
1oufomavmedwf 2 ; 6-8 ]]xdkrS wyg;? c&pfawmf\wrefawmfjzpf ? av;aom 0efudkwifydkif aomfvnf;?
vlay;aom bk ef;toa&udk oifwdkYwGifr&Sm? tjcm;ol wdkYwGifvnf;r&SmbJ? oifwdkYwGifajz;nif;pGmjyKMu\/
oifwdkYudkcspfaom aMumifh EdkYxdef;onf rdrd oli,fudk auR;arG ;jyKpkouJhodkY? igwdkYonfoifwdkYudk ESajrmpHkruf
jcif;ESifhwuG ? bk&m;ocif \{0Ha*vd w&m;udk rQru? udk,ftoufudk yifay;csif aom apwempdwf &SdMu\/
1aum&dEK 4 ; 9-13
igwdkYudkbk&m;ocif

owfbdkY&mxm;aomol uJhodkY tjcm;aomolrsm;aemuf wrefawmfwnf;[laom

xkwfjyawmfrlonf[k

igxif \/

taMumif;rlum;?

igwdkYonf

avmuDom;rsm;ESif h

aumifuifwrefrsm;rsufarSmuf yGJ0ifaomoljzpfMu\/ igwdkYonf c&pfawmf\ taMumif;aMumifh vl rdkufjzpf

Mu\/ oifwdkYrlum;? c&pf awmf ynm&SdjzpfMu\/ igwdkYonftm;enf;aomol jzpfMu\/ oif wdkYrlum;?
tpGrf;owdESifhjynfhpHkaomol?

toa&&SdaomoljzpfMu\

,ckwdkifatmif

tpm;taomuf

ae&mrusaom

ol?

arwmydkYMu\/

iwf rGwf jcif;?

t&Suf taMumufcH &aomoljzpf ?

t0wfEG rf;yg;jcif;?

dkufykwfnif;qJjcif;udkcH&Mu\/

udk ,fvufESifhy ifyrf;pGmvkyfaqmif &aomoljzpfMu\/

nif;qJ ESdyfpufjcif ;udkcH&aomtcg

awmif;yefMu\/

igwdkYonf

avmu\tnpf

onf;cHMu\/

taMu;

taoa&

uJhodkY4if;?

uJh&JUjcif;udkcH&aom
I wfcsjcif;udk

t&yf &yf xJu

tcg

cH&aomtcg
vS nf;ypf aom

wefjrufacs;trdIufuJhodkY4if;? ,ckwdkif atmif jzpfMu\/

tcGifhtmPm
wrefawmfonf tcGifhtmPmjzifh ajyma&;qdkcGifhudk qEjyif;jy&rnf/ vdktyfygu toif;awmf oGefoifjcif;?
qHk;rMuyfrwfjcif;udk jyKEdkif&rnf/
2aum 10 ; 8-11

oifwdkY udky,f&Sif;zsufqD;jcif;tvdkYiSgr[kwf/ wnfaqmuf jcif;tvdkYiSgbk&m;ocifonf

igwdkYtyfay;awmfrlaom

wefcdk;udkigonfom

0g<um;aomf vnf;?

&SufaMumufp&mtaMumif;r&Sd?

iga&;ay;vdk ufaom pmtm; jzifhomoif wdkYudk Ncdrf;acsmufouJhodkY igrjyKvdk/ taMumif;rlum;? xdkol\pm

onfav;vHaompm?

wefcdk;ESifhjynfhpHkaompmjzpf\/

tcsnf;ESD;aompum;ukd

ajymaomol jzpf onf[k

udk,fwdk if&SdvQif rlum;?

qdk wwfaom

ol&Sd\/

igwdkYonf

owdr&Sdaomol?
udk ,fwdkifr&Sd

pmygaompum;tm;jzifh jzpf ouJhodkY? udk,f wdkifrsuf arSmuf&Sdaomtcg trItm;jzifh jzpf vdrfhrnf[k xdk olonf
qifjcifod rSwf ap/

tapcHESvHk;om;
wrefawmfonf tapcHESvHk;om;&Sd&rnf/ ocifa,IjyKawmfrlcJhonfhenf;wl 'kuqif; &Jjcif;? nif;yrf;EdSyfpufjcif;udkcH&ef
qE&Sd&rnf/
41

rJ 20 ; 28 olwyg;tapudkcHjcif ;iSg4if;? rdrdtoufudk pGefY vlrsm;udk a&G; jcif;iSg4if ;? <uvmonf jzpf?

xdkenf;wl oif wdkYwGif

tuJtrSL;jyKvdkaomoludk

oif wdkYtapcH jzpf ap/

oifwdkYwGif

txG#ftjrwf vkyfcsif aomolud k vnf; oifwdkY uRefjzpfap[k rd efYawmfrl \/

a&mr 1 ; 4 oefY&Sif;aomusrf;pm *wdxm;awmf rlaom {0Ha*vd w&m;udk a[mapjcif ;iS g? a&G;cs,f cGJxm;
wrefawmft&m cefYxm;aom a,I c&pf\ uRefigaygvk onf?
2aum 11 ; 23-28 olwdkYonf c&pf awmf\ "rq&mjzpfMuoavm/ igonf txl ;ojzifhjzpf \[k
oll;uJhodkYqdkMu\/ yifyef;pGmtrIudktxl ;ojzifhaqmif&Guf aomol? dkufyk wfjcif ;? axmif xJ avS mifxm;jcif;ud k
txl;ojzifh cH&aomol? aoab;ESifhtBudrf BudrfawGUBuH Kaomoljzpf\/ ig;Budrfajrmuf atmif ,k 'vlwdkY vufwGif
'Pfcsufav;q,fwck,kwf igcH cJh&NyD/
cJESifhypfjcif;udk4if;

igcH &NyD /

oHk;Budrfajrmuf atmif

oHk;BuD rfajrmufatmif

BudrfvHk;

oabFmysufjcif;udk

ESifhdkufjcif;udk4if ;?
cH&NyD/

wBudrf

waeYES ifhwnOfh ywfvHk ;

yifv,f xJrSmae&NyD/ tBudrf Budrfa'opm&DvSnfhvnfNyD/ jrpfudkul ;aomab;? xm;jywdkufaomab;? trsdK;

om;csif ;jyKaomab;?
yifv,f ab;?

wyg;trsKd;om;jyKaomab;?

NrdKU&G ma&mufaomab;?

nDtpfudk jzpfa,mifaqmifaom

yifyef ;pGmtrIaqmif&G uf jcif;?

tBud rf

olwdkY

jyKaomab;?

rsm;pGmrtdyfbJapmifhaejcif;?

awma&mufaomab;?
ab;rsm;udkigawGUcJhNyD /

rGwf odyfjcif;?

a&iwfjcif;?

tBudrf Budrftpma&Smif jcif;? tcsrf;tat;cH &jcif;? t0wf tcsnf;pnf;&Sdjcif;? qif;&Jjcif;rsm;udk igcH cJhNyD/
xdktyrIrS wyg;?

toif;awmftaygif;wdkYudk

pdk;&drfaompd wfESifh

MunfhIjyKpk

aewdkif;tpOfaESmuf,Suf jcif ;udkigcH&\/

wrefawmfwpfOD;\trIawmfjrwfvkyfief;
toif;awmfopfrsm;udkwnfaxmifjcif;
wrefawmfwpfOD;onf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudk emcH omoemjyKq&mwpfyg; taejzifh {0Ha*vdw&m;udk
a[majymum topfaomtoif;awmfrsm;ESifh omoem uGif;opfrsm;udk wnfaxmif&ef a'oE&toif;awmfrS
apvTwfjcif;cH&onf/
wref 13 ; 2 3
igcefYxm;aomtrIudk

xdkol wdkYonf ocif bk&m;0wfudkjyK tpmudka&SmifMupOf? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu?

aqmif&G uf apjcif ;iSg

AmeA

ESifha&SmvkwdkYudk

a&G;cs,fcGJxm;Muavmh[k

rdefYawmf rlonf twdkif;? tpma&Smif yXemjyKvsuf? xdkolwdkY acgif;ay:rSm vufudkwif vTwfvdkufMu\/

tkwfjrpfrsm;udkcsjcif;
]]vdrmaomAdokum}} uJhodkY ya&mzufESifh oabmwlnDpGm omoemudk vufwGJ aqmif&Guf&m wrefawmfonf
EIwfuygwfawmfESifh ocifa,Ic&pfwnf;[laom cdkifcefYonfh Asm'dwfawmf tkwjf rpfudkcsum xdkwdkufjrpftay:
a'oE&toif;awmf udk wnfaqmuf&efjzpfonf/
42

wrefawmfrsm;\ trIawmfjrwfvkyfief;rSm pifMu,fcdkifcefYaom Mo0g'ay:wGif

tkwfjrpfcs toif;awmfrsm;\

cdkifcefYaom acgif;aqmifrIudk cGJcefYwnfaxmifay;&ef jzpfonf/

1aum&doEK 3 ; 9-15
bk&m;ocif\

igwdkYonf bk&m;ocifhxH tvkyfvkyfaom olcsif;jzpf Mu\/ oifwdkYonf

O,smOfawmfjzpfMu\/

bk&m;ocif \

ausmif;

awmfwdkufvnf;

jzpfMu\/

bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;awmfudk igcH&onfES ifhtnD? vd r maomAdokumuJhodkY wdkufjrpf udkcsNyD / tjcm;aomolonf

xyfqifh wnf aqmufav\/ odkY&mwGif? tb,fodkY xyfqifhwnfaqmufonfudk vlwdkif; owdjyKygap/
taMumif ;rlum;?

a,I c&pfwnf;[laom?

csvsuf &Sdaomwdkufjrpf

rSwyg;

tjcm;aomwdkufjrpfudk

tb,fol rQrcsEdkif/ xdkwdkufjrpftay: a&T? aiG? ausmufaumif;? opfom;? jruf yif? aumuf dk;rsm;udk
xyfqifh

wnfaqmuf

aomtvkyfonf

aomol &SdorQ?

toD ;oD;vkyfaomtvk yfonf

tb,f odkYaomtvkyfjzpf onfudk

xyfqifhwnfaqmufaom

xif&Sm;vdrfhrnf /

rD;onf ppfaMumpHkprf ;vdrfh

tMuif ol\tvk yfonf

NrJ\?

rnf /

xdkolonf

vl wdkif;vkyf

xdkwdkufjrpf tay:
tusdK;udkcH&vdrfhrnf /

tMuifol\tvkyfonf uRrf;avmif\/ xdkolonftHI;cH&vdrfhrnf/ odkYaomfvnf;? rD;ESifhvGwfouJhodkY olonf

u,fwif jcif;odkY a&mufvdrhfrnf/
a&mr 15 ; 20

xdkodkY tjcm;olwnfaomwdkufjrpf tay:rSm igxyf rwnf raqmuf/ c&pfawmf\emrudk

rMum;bl ;aomt&yf {0Ha*vdw&m;udk a[mjcif;iSg apwempdwfESifh igBudK;pm;tm;xkwfavh&Sd\/

1aum&dEK 9 ; 1-2

igaygvkonfuRefr[kwf? vlvGwfjzpf onfr[k wfavm/ wrefawmfjzpfonf r[kwfavm/

igwdkYocifa,I c&pfudk

jrif &NyDr[kwfavm/

oifwdkYonf

bk&m;ocif

igvkyfaomtvkyf jzpf Muonf

r[kwfavm/ igonf tjcm;aomolwdkYtm; wrefawmfrjzpfaomfvnf;? oifwdkYtm; wref awmftrSef jzpf\/

taMumif ;rlum;? igonfwref awmfrS efonf[k oifwdkYonf wynfhawmf jzpfaomtm;jzifhighudkwHqdyf cwfMu\/
{zuf 2 ; 20 tb,fodkYenf;[lrl um;? wrefawmfwdkYrS p ya&mzuf rsm;wnf ; [laom wdkufjrpf tay:
oifwdkYonfxyf qifh wnfaqmufvsuf&SdMu\/

usrf;pmausmif;rsm;udkwnfaxmifjcif;
erdwfvuPmygaom {0Ha*vda[majymjcif;ESifh atmifjrifaom c&pf,meftouf wm &SifoefEdkif&eftwGuf
wrefawmfwpfyg;onf ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; avhusifhoif Mum;ay;&ef ormusrf;pmausmif;rsm;udk wnfaxmifMuonf/
olonf omoemig;rsdK; odkY usdef;aoac:awmfrljcif;cH&aom ,HkMunfolrsm;udk todtrSwfjyK xdk,HkMunfol rsm;tm;
bk&m;ocifac:awmfrlonfh omoemXmetwGuf oifMum;avhusifhysdK;axmif ay;onf/
wrefawmf 19 ; 9-11
wynfhawmfwdkY udk

vlrsm;a&SUrSm xdkbmomudkuJh &JUaomtcg? aygvkonf ol wdkYtxJrS xG ufoGm;

toD;tjcm;cGJxm;NyD;rS?

wk&EKtrnf

&Sdaomol \pmoifp&yf

ESpfESpfywfvHk;aeYwdkif ;

a[majymaomtm;jzifh? tm&Sd jynf om;jzpfaom,k'vl? a[vovltaygif;wdkYonf ocifa,I\EI wfuywf

43

w&m;awmfudk

Mum;&Mu\/

bk&m;ocif onf

aygvk vufjzifh

tvGefw&m

xl ;qef;aomwef cdk;rsm;udk

jyawmfrlonfjzpf?
]]wk&EKpmoifZ&yf}}
xm0&bk&m;\

&Sifaygvku

aeYpOfoGefoifjcif;tusdK;&v'frSm

EIwfuywfawmfudk

Mum;&jcif;jzpfonf/

tm&Sdjynfe,f&Sd

xif

&Sm;pGm

aom

vltaygif;wdkYonf

vkyfaqmifonfrSm

&Sifaygvkonf

erdwfvuPmygaom {0Ha*vdw&m;jzifh xdkjynftv,fydkif; aeolwdkY\ toufwmrsm;udk ajymif;vJapjcif;jzifh

rdrdudk,fudk

qyGm;apum

xdkajymif;vJvmaomolwdkY\

{0Ha*vda[majymoufaocHjcif;jzifh

urm

wpfzufjcrf;aeoltm;vHk; {0Ha*vdw&m;udk qyGm;pHepfjzifh Mum;odaponf/

wuf<uaomtoif;awmfrsm;udk cGeftm;ay;jcif;
uREfkyfwdkYonf

"ropfusrf;udk

avhvmaomtcg

wrefawmftm;vHk;wdkYu

toif;awmf

opfrsm;udk

wnfaxmifjcif;rjyKaomfvnf;? wrefawmftm;vHk;u ,HkMunfolwdkY\ toufwm ]]oefY&Sif;olwdkYudk wBudrfwnf;jzifh

xm0&u,fwifjcif;qdkif&m ,HkMunf jcif;}}udk 0dkif;0ef;wnfaxmifay;jcif;jyKMu\/

oif;tkyfrsm;udk bdodufcGJcefYjcif;
wrefawmfwdkYonf olwdkYwnfaxmifaom toif;awmf&SdorQwkYd oif;tkyfrsm;udk bdodwfcGJcefYxm;Muonf/
wref 14 ; 23 toif;awmfrsm;wdkYoif;tkyfwdkYudkcefYxm;? tpma&Smifvsuf qk awmif;yXemjyKNyD;vQif?
oif;0ifolwdkY,Hk Munfaom ocifbk&m;\vuf awmfodkY xdktoif;awmfudktyfESHMu\/

oif;axmufrsm;udkbdodufum oabmwlnDtodtrSwfjyKjcif;
a'oE&toif;awmf oif;axmuftrIudkjyK&ef ,HkMunfolrsm;u a&G;cs,fwifajrmuf olwdkYudk wrefawmfwdkYonf
oabmwlaxmufcH bdodwfay;Muonf/
wref 6 ; 1-6 xdkumvwynfhawmfwdkYonf rsm;jym;onf&Sdaomf ? aeU&uf tpOf twd kif; vk yfauR;aomtcg?
a[avepf trsd K; rkwfqdk;rwdkYud k rvkyfrauR; [k xdktrsd K;om;wdkYonf jrnf wrf;a[NAJvl wdkYudk tjypf wifMu\/
xdktcg

wusdyfESpf yg;aom

wrefawmf wdkYonf

wynfhawmftaygif;wdkYudk

ac:NyD;vQif?

igwdkYonf

bk&m;ocif\EI wfuywf w&m;awmfudkxm;pm;yGJ vk yfauR;rIudk raqmifoifh/ xdkY aMumifh nDtpfudkwdkY?

0dnmOf awmf ESifh4if;? ynmES ifh4if;jynfhpHk vsuf? taoa&&Sdaomvlckepf a,mufwdkYudk oifwdkYwGif&SmMuavmh/
trIudk aqmif&Gufapjcif;iSg? xdkolwdkYudk igwdkYonf cefYxm;Murnf/ igwdkYrlum;? qkawmif;yXemjyKjcif;?
EIwfuywfw&m;awmfudk
vltpkta0;taygif;wdkYonf

a[majymjcif;trIwdkYudk
ESpfouf Muojzifh?

tNrJ jyK

aernf [kqdkMu\/

,HkMunf jcif;ES ifh4if ;?

xdkpum;udk

oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf ESifh4if;

jynfhpHkaomoawzefrS p zd vdyK? ajymac:? ed uaemf? wd rkef? ygare? ,k'bmom0ifaom tEdtkwf NrdKUom;

edaumvwdkYudk a&G;aumuf? wrefawmfwdkYa&SU xm;Mu\/ wrefawmfwdkYonf vnf; qkawmif;NyD;vQif
xdkolwdkY\acgif;ay: vufudk wifMu\/
44

bk&m;ocif\ac:awmfrljcif;udktwnfjyKjcif;
bk&m;ocif\ usdef;aoac:awmfrljcif;cH&aom ,HkMunfolwdkY\ toufwmwdkYudk wrefawmfwdkYonf ya&mzufrsm;ESifh
twnfjyKqufuyfay;onf/
1wdarmao 1 ; 18

igh om;wd armao? oifhudk&nfrSwf a[majymcJhNyD;aom tem*wd pum;udk

oifonf trDSjyK? ,HkMunf jcif ;udk4if;? udk,fudk udk,fodaom pd wfMunf vifjcif ;udk4if; pGJvrf;aumif;aomppfudk
wdkufapjcif;iSg?

xm;cJhNyD;

aomxdktem*wdpum;ESifhtnD?

txufigqdkcJhNyD;aom

ynwfxm;jcif ;tcGifhudk

oifigay;tyf \/

0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;rsm;udk a0rQay;tyfjcif;
oefY&Sif;0dnmOfawmfqkaus;Zl;jzifh

vkyfaqmifEdkif&ef

,HkMunforl sm;udk

vufwifbdoduf

ay;jcif;?

0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;a0rQjcif;udk jyKbdkYtvdkYiSg wrefawmfrsm;onf tjcm;aom oif;tkyfrsm;ESifhtwlwuG pnf;a0;

vufwifqkawmif;NyD; apvTwfMuonf/
2wdarmao

]]xdkodkYjzpf ?

igvuf wifaomtm;jzifh?

oif

bk&m;ocif

ay;awmf rlaomqkudkEdI;aqmfrnfhtaMumif ;? igonfoifhudk owday;\/

a&mr 1 ; 11

]]oifwdkYonfNrJNrHcdkifcefYonfhtaMumif;? igonfoifwdkY 0dnmOf qkaus;Zl; wpHkwckudk

tyfay;jcif;iSg? oifwdkYudk tvGefawGUjrif csif yg\/

wrefawmfwpfOD;tm; todtrSwfjyKjcif;
wrefawmfwpfOD;tm;

ocifa,Ic&pftm;jzifhom

cGJcefYEdkif

vlwpfOD;wpfa,muftm;

jzifh4if;?

vlYtzGJUtpnf;tm;jzifh4if; cGJcefYr&yg/ ol\omoemqkaus;Zl;\ tusdK; &v'fudk oljyKpkarG;xkwfolwdkYu vufcH&,l

jyefvnftodtrSwfjyKjcif;omjzpf& rnf/ tzGJUtpnf;toif; odkYr[kwf *dkPf;*ewpfckckxHrS ol&&SdcJhaom bGJUemr?
*kPfxl; tqifhaMumifh todtrSwfjyKvufcjH cif;rjzpfap&yg/ cifrif&if;ESD;rItm;jzifh twif; tMuyf apcdkif;jcif;
(odkYr[kwf) EdkifiHa&;yHkpHt& rjzpfrae cGJcefYowfrSwfjcif;rjzpfap&/ txufu&&Sdaom a'oE&toif;awmfrsm;\
0dnmOfa&;&m acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; eufdIif;aom 0dnmOfrd[m,tm;jzifhom tajccH olYtm; wref
awmfwpfOD;tjzpf todtrSwf jyKjcif;omjzpf&rnf/

topfaomtoif;awmfrsm;tm;jzifh
rdrdudk,fwdkif

wnfaxmifcJhonfh

&SifoefYwnf&Sdaernfjzpfonf/

topfaomtoif;awmfrsm;jzpfojzifh
wrefawmf\

omoemtoD;tyGifh

rdo[m,
onf

onf

tNrJwap

ol\omoemqkaus;Zl;tjzpf

twnfjyK&efxif&Sm;vdrfhrnf/
45

vuf&SdwnfqJtoif;awmfrsm;tm;jzifh
wrefawmfrsm;\

omoemjyKjcif;jzifh

r[kwftjcm;aomenf;jzifh

ay:aygufvmaom

toif;awmfwdkY

4if;0dnmOfawmftm;jzihf OD;aqmifonfh wrefawmfwpfyg;yg;\ tkdrif; &ifha&mfjcif;ESihf aoqkH;jcif;jzihf xkdtoif;awmf

0dnmOfESihfqkdifonfh o[m, qdwfokOf;aomf xkdokdYaom vpfvyfrI wrefawmfwpfOD;OD;u 0ifa&muf ae&m,l
OD;aqmifEkdifonf/ a'oEm&toif;awmfwpfyg;onf wrefawmfwpfOD;ESihf o[m, &Sd ol\tcGihftmPmatmuf
aumif;pGmvnfygwfvkyfaqmifpOf

trIawmfjrwf

vkyfie;ftwGuf

,kHMunfolwkdYukd

oifMum;axmufuljyKEdkifaom

omoemvkyfief;ukd OD;aqmifonfh tjcm;aomwrefawmf wpfyg;udkvnf; todrSwfjyK vufcHEkdifonf/

nDGwfjcif;
a'oE&toif;awmfwpfyg;onf

wrefawmfwpfOD;ESihf

aumif;pGmvnfygwfvkyfaqmifpOf

trIawmfjrwftwGuf

omoemvkyfief;ukd

OD;aqmifaom

tjcm;aom

o[m,&Sd

ol\tcGihf

,kHMunfol

wrefawmfwpfyg;

wkdYukd
udkvnf;

tmPmatmuf

oifMum;axmufuljyKEkdifonfh
todrSwfjyK

vufcHEkdifonf/

rnfokdYyifjzpfap wref awmfwkdYonf oD;jcm;toif;awmfwpfckpD trIawmfaqmifMuaomfvnf; wlnDaom

tkyfcsKyfcGihfESihf

tmPmtwlwl&&Sdrnfr[kwfbJ

wrefawmf\OD;aqmifrIukdom
todrSwfjyKvufcHxm;aom

oufqkdif&m,kHMunfolwkdYuom

todtrSwfjyKvufcHMurnfjzpfonf/
t"duusonfh

wrefawmfBuD;

rdrdwkdY

\t"duusaom

xkda'oE&toif;awmfu

\oabmwlnDrIESihf

qefYusifaom

ajymqkdvkyfukdifrIwpfpkHwpf&mukd rjyKvkyfrd&ef tjcm;aom wrefawmfrsm;u txl;owdjyK&rnf/

omoemukd twnfjyKjcif;
@ ya&mzufwpfOD;tm;jzihf
wrefawmfwkdYukd a'oE&toif;awmftm;vkH;wkdYu todtrSwfjyKMuvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/ omoemqkaus;Zl;wkdYaMumihf
wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfvmolonf

bk&m;ocifcefYtyfjcif;

aMumihfjzpfNyD;

wrefawmftm;

wrefawmfwpfyg;tjzpf

twnfjyKvufcH&eftvkdYiSm

a'owpfck

vltm;jzihf

r[kwfacs/

rnfokdYqkdap

a'ocH,kHMunfolrsm;wkdYESihf

xyfwlxyfrQ yg0ifvkyfaqmifjcif;jzihf olvkyfaqmifaom omoemqkaus;Zl;wkdYonf xif&Sm;vmNyD; todrSwfjyKjcif;

cH&rnfjzpfonf/

&Hzef&Hcg

xkda'o&Sdtoif;awmfrS

oif;tkyfrsm;rS

wpfOD;OD;tm;jzihfaomf4if;(okdYr[kwf)

rdrd\ya&mzufqkaus;Zl;ukd vuf awGUavhusihfvkyfaqmifaom ya&mzufwpfOD;OD;tm;jzihf bk&m;ocifu twnfjyKajym

qkdvdrfhrnf/ &Sifaygvkonf wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfonf[k tm;vkH;wkdYu vufcHjcif; odrSwf twnfjyKjcif;r&SdcJhyg/
1aum&dEK 9 ; 1-2 igaygvkonf uRefr[k wf? vlvG wfjzpfonfr[k wfavm/ wrefawmfjzpfonf r[kwfavm/
igwkdYocif

a,I c&pfukd

jrif&NyD

r[k wf avm/

oifwkdYonf

ocif bk&m;

igvkyf aomtvkyfjzpfMuonf r[kwfavm/ igonf tjcm;aomolwkdYtm; wref awmf rSwfonf[k oifwkdYonf

wynfhawmfjzpf aom tm;jzihf ighukdwHqdyf cwfMu\/
46

wrefawmfwkdY\

qkaus;Zl;jzifh

omoemjyKjcif;udk

apvTwaf om

toif;awmf&Sdonfh

,HkMunfolrsm;tm;jzifh

todtrSwfjyKvmygvdrfhrnf/ taMumif;rSm xdka'ocH toif; awmf&Sdonfh ya&mzufrsm;ESifh oif;tkyfrsm;\

omoemtm;jzifh bk&m;ocifu t&mudk twnfjyKawmfrlygonf/

@ oludk,fwdkiftm;jzifh
wrefawmfudk,fwdkifonfyifvQif rdrd\ omoemqkaus;Zl;udk todtrSwfjyK&vdrhfrnf/

rSm;,Gif;onfh wrefrsm;udk owdjyKjcif;

rdrdwdkYudk,fudk wrefawmfrsm;jzpfonf[k qdkMuaomfvnf; rSm;,Gif;aom Mo0g'rsm;udk oGefoif vlwdkYtm; vrf;rSm;odkY
ydkYaqmifaeMuolwdkYudk owdxm;Mu&ef bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmf owday;xm;ygonf/
2aum&dEK

11

13

taMumif;rlum;?

xdkolwdkYonf

rdpmwref awmfjzpfMu\/

c&pfawmf\wrefjzpf a,mifaqmif vSnfhjzm;wwfaomtrIapmifhjzpfMu\/

Asm'dwf

oifonf

rw&m;aomol wdkYudk

vufrcHEdkif aMumif;udk4if;?

wrefawmfr[kwfbJ?

wrefawmfjzpfa,mifaqmifol wdkYudk ppfaq; vSnfhjzm; aomol jzpfonf [k odaMumif;udk4if;?

jyefvSefavhusifh&efar;cGef;rsm;
1/

wrefawmfwpfOD;[lonfh t"dyg,fzGifhqdkcsufudk tusOf;csKyfaz:jyyg/

2/

wrefawmfwpfOD;\ txl;oD;oefYt&nftcsif;ig;ckudkazmfjyyg/

3/

wrefawmfwpfOD;\ omoemvkyfief;udkazmfjyyg/

47

tcef; ( 4 )
wrefawmf\trIaqmifjcif;vkyfief; (aemufqufwGJ)
1aum&dEK 12 ; 28

bk&m;ocifonf

wwd,t&mq&mwdkYudk4if;?

yXrt&m

wrefawmf wdkYudk4if;?

xdkaemufwefcdk;jy

Nidrf;apEdkifaomtcGifh&Sdaomoludk4if;?

'k wd,t&m

aomolwdkYudk4if;?

oif ;axmufwdkY

udk4if;?

ya&mzuf wdkYudk4if;?
xdkaemuftema&m*gudk

pD&iftkyfpdk;aomolwdkYudk4if;?

trsdK;rdsK;aombmompum;udkajym Edkif aomol wdkYudk4if;? toif;awmfcefYxm;awmf rl\/

{zuf 4 ; 11

c&pfawmf\udk,fawmf udk wnfaqmuf? "rq&m\trIudk jyKwwf rnf taMumif;?

wrefawmfwpfOD;onf rnfodkYvkyfaqmifoenf;
&J&ifhjcif;ESifhtcGifhtmPmjzifh
wrefawmfwpfOD;onf nOf;yrf;ESdyfpufjcif;ESifh Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;rsm;udk ol\b0 &ifqdkif&aomfvnf; BuD;rm;aom
&J&ifhjcif;ESifh tcGifhtmPmwefcdk;jzifh trIawmfjrwfudk qufvufaqmif&Gufonf/
wref

29-31

tema&m*gNidrf;apjcif;iSg

]]tdkxm0&bk&m;?

,ck tcg

vufawmf udkqefYawmfrl?

xdkolwdkY \

oefY &Sif;

jcdrf;ajcmufjcif ;udk

aomom;awmfa,I\

rS wfawmf rlyg/
emrawmftm;jzifh

edrdwfvu Pm? tHhbG,f aomtrIwdkYudk jzpf apawmfrlpOf wGif? udk,fawmf\uRefwdkYonf EIwfuywf w&m;awmfud k
&J&ifh pGma[majymygrnftaMumif; u,froem;awmfrlyg[k qkawmif;Mu\/ xdkodkY qkawmif;yXemjyKNyD;rS?
pka0;aomt&yf onf wkefvIyf ? xdkolt aygif;wdkYonf oefY&Sif;aom0d nmOf awmfES ifh jynfh ojzifh? bk&m;ocif\
EIwfuywfw&m;awmfudk &J&ifhpG m a[majymMu\/

eufeJ&mudkxdk;xGif;od&SdonfhOmPfjzifh
wrefawmfonf eufeJ&mudk xdk;xGif;od&Sdonfh OmPfjzifh trIawmfaqmif bk&m; ocif\ EIwfuywfawmf
ormw&m;udk ydkif;jcm;em;vnfaomynmjzifh omoemrIudk aqmif&Gufvdrfhrnf/
*vmwd 1 ; 11 ]]nDtpfudkwdkY? iga[majymaom {0H a*vdw&m;onf vlwdkY\ w&m;r[kwf/
{zuf

]]xdkeufeJaomt&mudk

oefY&S if;aom

wrefawmf wdkYESifh

ya&mzuf

wdkYtm;?

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48

omoemqkaus;Zl;tm;vHk;wdkY
tjcm;aom omoemrI ig;rsdK;wdkYygaomoltm;vHk;wdkYuJhodkYyif wrefawmfwpfOD;onf vnf; omoemqkaus;Zl;jzifh
trIaqmif&ef ac:awmfrljcif;cH&onf/ rnfokdYqdkap wrefawmfwpfOD;\ tvkyfudkvkyf&ef olonf BuD;xGm;
ol\omoemqkaus;Zl;onf todtrSwfjyKjcif;cH&onfhtcsdeftxd &ifhusuf&ef trSefvdktyfonf/ xdktcsdefa&mufrS
wrefawmfwpfOD;uJhodkY

vkyfaqmif&ef

a'oE&toif;awmfu

olYtm;apvTwfvdrfhrnf/

wrefawmftqifhra&mufrDtcsdefumvtwGif; tjcm;aom omoemqkaus;Zl;rsm; tm;vHk; yg0ifvkyfaqmifjcif;

odkYwnf;r[kwf {0Ha*vdq&m? oif;tkyfq&m? "rq&m (odkYr[kwf) ya&mzufwpfOD;OD;uJhodkY vkyfaqmifEdkifonf/
ol\wrefawmfESifhpyfqkdifaom trIawmfudk wpfBudrfwpfcgtpjyKonfESifh wrefawmf \oD;oefYvkyfaqmif&rnfh
vkyfief;wm0efrsm;tjyif {0Ha*vdq&m? oif;tkyfq&m? usrf;pmoifq&m odkYr[kwf ya&mzufwdkY\ tvkyfrsm;udk
wrefawmfuaemufwdk; jznfhpGufvkyfaqmifvdrfhrnf/

yHkoufaowpfcktaejzifh
bk&m;ocifESifh wpfOD;csif; &if;ESD;pGm av;av;eufeuf qufoG,frI&Sdjcif;udk wrefawmf wpfOD;taeESifh olwpfyg;wdkYtm;
yHkoufaoaumif;jyEkdif&rnf/ &Sifaygvku olonf ocifa,Iudk jrifcJhNyD[kqdk\/ olonf bk&m;ocifESifh udk,fwkdif
av;eufpGm w&if; wESD;oGm;vmcJh&m ,HkMunfolrsm;tm;vHk;twGuf tqHk;r&Sdaom xm0&yHkoufaojzpf onf/
1 aum 9 ; 1

igaygvk onf uRefr[k wf? vl vGwfjzpfonf r[kwf avm/ wref awmf jzpfonf r[kwfavm/

igwdkYocifa,I c&pfudk jrif&NyDr[kwfavm/ oifwdkYonf ocif bk&m; igvk yftvkyfjzpfMuonfr[kwfavm/

1aum 11 ; 1 ]]igonfc&pfa wmf\ enf;wl usifhouJhodkY oifwdkYvnf; ighenf; wl usifhMuavmh/
2

aum

3-10

w&m;a[mjcif;tcGifht&mudk

tjypf wifjcif;ES ifh

uif;vG wf

pd rfhaomiSg?

xdrdvJp&mtaMumif; wpHk wckudkrQrjyK/ nif;qJ cHjcif;? qif ;&Jjcif;? rvG wfEdkif aomab;Oy'fES ifhawGUjcif;?
tdkuftyk wfcHjcif;? axmifxJ aejcif ;? olwyg;kef;&if;cwfjyKjcif;? trIudk vkyfaqmifjcif? rtd rfbJapmifh aejcif;?
rGwfodyfjcif;udk

tvGefonf;cHvsuf ?

pdwf ESvHk;pif Mu,f jcif;?

oefY&Sif;aom0d nmOfawmfudkcH j cif ;?

ormw&m;udk

ajzmifhrwf aomtusifhwnf;[laom

vufeufrsm;udk

taoa&

xif&Sm;jcif;ES ifh

Iwfcsjcif ;?

ynm&Sdjcif;?

a[mjcif ;?

pd wf&Snfjcif;?

bk&m;ocif\

vusfmbufvuf 0Jbuf

csD;rGrf ;jcif;ES ifh

aus;Zl;jyKjcif; ?
wefcdk;udkjyjcif ;?

0wfaqmifjcif;tm;jzifh4if;?

uJh&JUjcif;udkcHojzifh4if;?

vS nfhpm;

aomoluJhodkYjzpfaomf vnf;? [kwf rSefaomol ? tb,folrQrodaomoluJh odkY jzpf aomfvnf; ausmf apmol?
taocHaomol uJhodkYjzpfaomf vnf;?
taoowfjcif;ESifhuif;vGwfaomol?
qif;&J aomol uJhodkY

jzpfaomfvnf ;?

touf&Sifaomol

qHk;rjcif;udkcHaomoluJh odkY

0rf;enf;aomoluJhod kYjzpfaomfvnf ;?
vlrsm;udk&wwf apaomol ?

OpmwpHkwck udk rQ

jzpfaomfvnf ;?
tpOf 0rf;ajrmufol?
rydkifaomoluJhodkY

49

jzpfaomfvnf;? tvHk;pHkwdkYudkydkifaomoljzpf ojzifh4if;? bk &m;ocif cefYxm;awmf rl aom "r q&mrSefaMumif;ud k

t&m&m xif&S m;pGmjy\/

zcifwpfOD;&Sdaom&if;ESD;qufEG,frI
rdrd\vkyfaqmifrIudk

twnfjyKvufcHjcif;cH&aom

wrefawmfwpfOD;onf

oljyKpkorQ

aomoltm;vHk;twGuf

zcifaumif;wpfOD;uJhodkYaom &if;ESD;qufEG,frI&&Sdvdrfhrnf/ omoemrI ig;rsdK;yg0ifvkyfaqmiforQaomol tm;vHk;wdkYESifh

4if;a'oE& toif; awmfrsm;&Sdaom ,HkMunfoltm;vHk;wdkY\ av;pm;MunfnKd rIESifh &if;ESD;qufoG,frI&Sd& vdrfhrnf/
wrefawmfwpfOD;onf

zcifuJhodkY

ESvHk;om;&Sd&rnf/

olonf

,HkMunfolrsm;tay:

cspfcifjcif;?

jyKpkysKd ;axmifjcif;?

cGeftm;ay;jcif;?

owday;qHk;rjcif;&Sd&rnf/

oifhavsmfaomvrf;odkY

xdkolwdkYtm;

toif;awmfwdkY&Sdaom

oif;tkyfrsm;ESifh

oGefoifqHk;rjcif;?

El;nHhodrfarGUpGm

tkyfpdk;jcif;ESifh

vrf;jyydkYaqmifay;&ygrnf/

rdrd\tdrfaxmifrdom;pk wpfOD;csif;pDtay: av;eufpGm MunfhIapmifha&Smufaom cspfzcifwpfOD;uJhodkY xdkolwdkY tay:

qufqH&rnf/

uREfkyfwdkYudk

cspftm;BuD;awmfrlaom

aumif;uifbHk&Sif

tb

bk&m;\

ppfreS faom

yHk&dyfudk

oljyKpkaeorQaomol tm;vHk;a&SU ol\toufwmu xif&Sm;ap&vdrfhrnf/

1aum 4 ; 14-17

oifwdkYonf&S ufapjcif;iSg odkYiga&;onfr[kwf/ oif wdkY udkcspfom;uJh odkYrSwf

owday;\/ oifwdkYwGif c&pfawmf\taMumif ;udk oifay;aom q&mwaomif;&Sdjim;aomfvnf;? tbtrsm;r&Sd?

{0Ha*vdw&m;

tm;jzifh

igonfoifwdkY udk

oifwdkYonfusifhMurnftaMumif;
opm&Sdaomig\cspfom;

a,I c&pfjzpfbGm;apNyD /

igEdI;aqmfawmif;yef \/

wdarmaoudk

oifwdkYqDodkY

okdYjzpf

xdktaMumif;
igap

igusifhonfenf;
aMumifh

vTwf\/

wl

ocif bk&m;

cyfodrf;aomt&yfwdkY

cyfodrf;aomtoif;awmfwdkYudk igoGefoifonf ES ifhtnD? igonf c&pf awmfusifhaom tusifh"avh rsm;udk

oifwdkYonf rS wfrdap jcif;iS golonf jyowdkufwGef;vd rfhrnf /
zdvdyd

22

odkYaomfvnf;om;onf

tbESifhtwlaqmif&GufouJhodkY?

olonfigES ifhtwl

{0Ha*vdw&m;trIudk trSefaqmif&G ufonf [k oljyaom ouf aoudk oifwdkYodMu\/

1oufomavmedwf 2 ; 6-12 xdkrSwyg;? c&pfawmf\ wrefawmfjzpf? av; aom0ef udkwifydkifaomf vnf;?
vlay;aombkef ;toa&udk oifwdkYwGifr&Sm? tjcm;ol wdkYwGifvnf; r&SmbJ? oifwdkYwGifajz;nif ;pGm jyKMu\/
oifwdkYudkcspf

aomaMumifh

EdkYxdef;onf

ESajrmpHkrufjcif;ESifhwuG?

rdrdoli,fudk

bk&m;ocif\

auR;arG ;jyKpk ouJhodkY?

{0Ha*vw&m;udkrQru?

igwdkYonf

oif wdkY

udk

udk,f

touf udkyif

ay;csif aomapwempdwf&SdMu\/
nDtpfudkwdkY? igwdkYonf yifyef;pGmvk yf aqmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwf aMumif;udk oif wdkYrSwf rdMu\/ oif wdkYwGif
wa,mufudkrQ

raESmifh,Sufjcif;iS g?

igwdkY onf

aeY

nOfhvkyfaqmif vsuf?

bk&m;ocif\{0Ha*vdw&mudk

oifwdkYtm; a[majymMu\ rdrdEdkifiHawmfESifhbkef;awmfxJodkY? oifwdkYudkac:oGif;awmfrlaom bk&m;ocifESifh

txdkuftavsmufoifwdkYonf usifhaqmif jcif ;iSg? tbonfrd rdom;wdkYudk jyKo uJhodkY igwdkYonfoif wdkY&SdorQudk
50

tb,fodkYwdkuf wGef;aoG;aqmif rSmxm;onf udk oifwdkYodMuonfESifhtnD?

oifwdkYwGifigwdkYonf

tb,fodkYoefY&Sif ; ajzmifhrwf vsuf ?

,HkMunfjcif;odkYa&mufaom

tjypfwifcGifhESifhuif ;vG wfvsuf aeMuonfudk

oifwdkYonf oufaojzpfMu\/

erdwfrsm;ESifhtHhbG,f&mrsm;
wrefawmf\ omoemtrIaqmifpOfumvtawmtwGif; BuD;rm;aom edrdwf vuPmrsm;? thHMobG,f&mrsm;?
tema&m*gNidrf;jcif;rsm;onf tpOftquftjywf xif&Sm;ay:vm&vdrfhrnf/
a&mr

15

17-19

xdkYaMumifhbk&m;ocifESifhpyfqdkifaomt&mwdkY

a,Ic&pfudktrSDjyK0g<um;0rf;ajrmufjcif;taMumif;&Sd\/

wyg;trsdK;om;wdkY

igonf

onfpum;tm;jzifh4if;?

tusifhtm;jzifh4if;? em;axmifapjcif;iSg? c&pfawmf onf edrdwfvu Pm? tHhbG,faomtrIrsm;ygaomwefcdk;?

oefY&Sif;aom0d nmOfawmf

\wefcdk;udkjy?

jyKvsuf igonf a,k&S vifNrdKUrS p

igh tm;jzifhjyKawmfrlorQwdkY udkomigajym0Hh\/

vk&dwfjynfwd kifatmif

xdkaus;Zl;udktrSD

ywf 0ef;usift&yf

wdkY

c&pfawmf\{0H a*vw&m;udk tuk eftpifa[majymcJhNyD/

2aum

12

12

tu,f pifppf onf;cHjcif;ESifhwuG

edrdwf vu Pm

tHhbG,f

aomtrI?

xl;qef ;aomwefcdk;rsm;tm;jzifh wrefawmf\vuPmwdkYudk oifwdkY wGif xif &Sm;pG mjyNyD/

wref 2 ; 42-43

xdkolrsm;onf wrefawmfwdkY\qHk;rMo0g'udkcHjcif;? taygif ;toif;zGJUjcif;? rkefYudkzJjcif ;?

yXemjyKjcif;wdkYudk tNrJ aqmif &G ufaeMu\/ vltaygif;wdkYonf aMumuf vef Yjcif;&Sdonfjzpf wrefawmf wdkYonf
rsm;pGmaom edrd wf vuPm? tHhbG,faomtrI wdkYukd jyKMu\/
wrefawmf

12(u)

wrefawmf wdkYonf vnf;

vl rsm;a&SUrS m

ed rdwfvuPm?

tHhbG,faomtrIt&mrsm;udkjyKMu\/

ESdrfhcsaompdwf0dnmOf
wrefawmfonf

ESdrfhcsaompdwf0dnmOftm;jzifh

rdrd\tavhtvmudk

xif&Sm;apygonf

ol\omoemvkyfief;

tmPm&SifuJhodkY vkyfaqmifr&yg/
2aum

24

]]xdkodkYqdkaomfvnf;

oifwdkY\0rf;ajrmufjcif;taMumif;udk

igwdkYonfoif wdkY\

ulromjyKMutb,f

,HkMunfjcif;udk

aMumifhenf;[l rlum;?

tpdk;&

onfr[kwf

,HkMunfjcif ;tm;jzifh

oifwdkYonfwnfEdkifMu\/
olonf odk;rsm;tay: ocifwpfOD;uJhodkY r[kwfbJ zcifwOD;uJhodkYomjzpf&rnf/ olwdkYtm; jyKpk&m &if;ESD;pGm
qufqHjcif;? pdwf&SnfoD;cHjcif;? *kpdkufjcif;jzifh olwdkYESifh twl pdwf0dnmOfudk jyKpk&vdrfhrnf/

51

1aywk

oifwdkYESifhtwl&Sdaom

bk&m;ocif \odk;awmfpkudk

xdef ;jcif;

trIrSm?

tEdkifxdef;&aomaMumifhr[kwf? rpifMu,faompD;yG m;udk wyf rufaom aMumifhr[kwfbJ? tvdkvdkapwempd wf&Sd

MunfhItkyfxdef;Muavmh/
vlwdkY\tkyfcsKyfa&;tpOftvmt& yd&rpf "Pyramid" uJhodkY txufxdyfcRefrS atmufodkYjyefYum; qif;ouJhodkY
wrefawmfwdkYudkvnf; vGJrSm;pGm rSw,
f lcJhMuonf/ olonf tcGifhtmPmjzifh rdrd\i,fom;rsm;udk tkyfcsKyfaom
tjrifhqHk;&mxl;&Sdolt jzpf xifrSwfcH&onf/ tu,fpifppf wrefawmf\ omoemrSm atmufajcrStapcH aomoluJhodkY
uREfkyfwdkYjrif&ygonf/

xdkolrSm

ya&mzufwkdYESifhtwl

tkwfjrpfrsm;udkcs

aomoljzpfonf/

olonf

BuD;rm;aomAsm'dwflygHkESifh 0dnmOfa&;&mtcGifhtmPmjzifh ajymqdkvsuf trIaqmifvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomfvnf; rdrdudk,fudk

ESdrfhcsvsuf tapcHwpfOD; uJhodkY jzpfvmol\ ESvH;k om;xJrS odkYaomtcGifhtmPmrsdK; tNrJwap jzpfvmwwf onf/
wrefawmf\ trIawmfaqmifjcif;rSm tjrifhrS tedrfhodkY r[kwfbJ atmufajcrS tjrifhodkYomjzpf&ygrnf/ toif;awmf
tkyfcsKyfjcif;tcGifhtmPmESifh vkyfief;wm0efudk ol\bGJUemraMumifh todrSwfjyKjcif;r[kwf? c&pfawmf\ udk,fcEmawmf
ol\vkyf aqmifrItm;jzifhom todtrSwfjyKjcif;omjzpfonf/

tapcHuRefcJhodkY
ueOD;wrefawmfrsm;onf rdrdwdkYudk,fudk tapcHuRefrsm;[l rdwfqufavh&Sdonf/

@ &Sifaygvk
wdwk 1 ; 1-3 rkom;ESifhuif;pif awmf rlaom bk&m;ocif onf? a&S;uyf umv ra&muf rDS uwdxm;awmfrl?
igwdkYudku,f wifaomt&Sif bk&m;ocif \ ynwf awmftwdkif;? igtyf xm;aom w&m;a[mjcif;tcGifh tm;jzifh
awmfavsmfaom

tcsdef?

EIwf uywf w&m;awmfudk

xif&Sm;apawmfrl aomt&mES ifh

pyfqdk ifaom

xm0&touf udk ajrmfvifhonfjzpf ? bk&m;0wfarGUavsmfjcif;ES ifhqdkifaom ormw&m;udk 0efcHjcif;tvdkYiSg4if ;?

bk&m;ocifa&G;aumufawmfrlaomolwdkY\

,HkMunf jcif;tvdkYiSg4if;?

bk&m;ocif\uRefwnf;[laom?

a,Ic&pf\ wref awmfjzpfaom igaygvkonf/

@ &Sifaygvk ESifh wdarmao

zdvdyd 1 ; 1

a,Ic&pf \uRefjzpfaom aygvkESifhwdarmaoonf? zdvdydNrdKU &Sdaomoif;tkyfwdkYESifh

oif;axmufwdkYrSp a,I c&pf\oefY&S if;ol taygif;wdkYudk Mum;vdkufyg\/

@ ,mukyf
,mukyf 1 ; 1

bk&m;ocifES ifh t&S ifa,I c&pf \uRef ig,muk yfonf? t&yf &yfwdkY uGJjym;aom

wpfq,fhES pfyg;aomtrsd K;wdkYudk arwmESifhMum;vdkufyg\/

52

@ &Sifaywk
2aywk 1 ; 1 a,Ic&pf\uRefwrefawmf ig&Sdrkefaywk onf u,f wif awmfrlaomt&Sif? igwdkYbk&m;ocif
a,Ic&pf\ ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;udk igwdkY ,HkMunfonfenf;wl? jrwfpGmaom,HkMunf jcif;udk &aomolwdkYtm;
Mum;vdkuf yg\/

@ &Sifa,m[ef
Asm'dwf 1 ; 1 umvrMumrjrifhrSD jzpf&rnf trIt&mrsm;udk a,Ic&pfonf rdrdtapcHuRefwdkYtm; jyapjcif;iSg?
bk&m;ociftyf ay;awmf rlaom xdkocif\ Asm'dwfawmf udkqdkaytHh/ xdkocifonf rdrdaumif;uif wrefudk
apvGwf rd rd tapcHuRef a,m[eftm; Asm'dwfawmf t&dyfudk jyawmfrl \/
c&pfawmf\

udk,fcEmxJ

pHkvifjynfhpHkap&eftwGuf

rmeaxmifvTm;

bk&m;ocifonf

0g<um;p&m

tcef;r&Sdyg/

vlwpfO;D wpfa,mufudk

aojcmonfh

vkyfief;awmfrsm;

a&G;cs,ftoHk;jyKaomfvnf;

xdkolonf

b,fenf;ESifhrQ rmefrmeaxmifvGm;aomol rjzpf&yg/

wrefawmfwpfOD;\tcGifhwefcdk;
wrefawmfonf zcifwpfOD;\ tcGifhtmPmjzifh ajymqdkaomfvnf; oludk,fwdkif tcGifh tmPmatmuf&Sdaomol
wpfa,mufjzpf&vdrfhrnf/

bk&m;ocif\

tcGifhtmPmjzifh

{ueftrSefajymqkdEdkifaom

yk*dKvfrSm

tcGifhtmPmatmuf&Sd tjcm;aomolwdkYESifh avQmufygwfpGm &if;ESD;qufqHrIudk jyKEdkifaomolomvQifjzpfonf/

olapvTwfcJhonfh tjcm;wrefawmfrsm;? oif;tkyfrsm;ESifh qufqHa&;ajyvnf &if;EDS;uRrf;0ifaomol jzpf&rnf/
rJ

9-10

]]Oyrmum;?

uRefawmfonf

rif;atmuf

uRefcHaomol jzpf

aomvnf;?

ppfol&Jrsm;udk tkyfpdk;? wOD;udkoGm;acs[kqdkvQif oGm;yg\/ wOD;udk vmcJh[kqdkvQif vmyg\/ uRefudk vnf;

trIudkvk yfawmh[k qdkvQif vkyfyg\[k wyfrSL;avQmuf av\/ xdkpum;udka,IonfMum;vQif? tHhMojcif;&Sd?
igtrSef qdkonfum;? rQavmufaom,HkMunfjcif;udk oa&vtrsdK;yif igrawGU bl ;ao;/
aywkESifhaygvkwdkY\

omoemvkyfief;xJwGif

wrefawmfwpfOD;\

tcGifhtmPmudk

rSefuefpGm

toHk;jyKonfh

om"ursm;pGmudk uREfkyfwdkYjrif&onf/ olwdkYonf tcGifhwefcdk; udk avmuDtmPmqefqef toHk;jyKrnfhtpm;

olwdkY\tcGifhtmPmudk pm&dwzGHUNzdK; BuHUcdkifapa&;twGuf qHk;roGefoifjcif;jzifh olwpfyg;udk wnfaqmufonf/
2aum

24

]]xdkodkYqdkaomfvnf;

igwdkYonf

oif wdkY\,HkMunfjcif;udk

tpdk;&

onfr[kwf /

oifwdkY\0rf;ajrmufjcif;taMumif;udk ulromjyKMu\/ tb,f aMumifhenf;[lrl um;? ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh

oifwdkYonfwnfEdkifMu\/
2aum 10 ; 8 ]] oifwdkYudky,f&Sif;zsufqD;jcif;tvdkYiSgr[kwf/ wnfaqmufjcif; tvdkiSg ocifbk&m;onf igwdkY
tyfay;awmfrlaomwefcdk;udk igonfom 0g<um;aomf vnf ;? &SufaMumufp&mtaMumif;r&S d?
53

vkum 22 ; 24-27

]]xdkrS wyg; wynfhawmfwdkYonf rdrdwdkYwGif tb,folonf

tcsif;csif;jiif ;cHkjcif;&Sdonf jzpf ?

udk,fawmfu

avmuD

omBuD;jrwfoenf;[k

rif ;wdkYonf

tpdk;w&jyKwwfMu\/

tmPmxm;aomolwdkYudkvnf; aus;Zl;&Sif [lac:a0:Mu\/ oifwdkYrlum; xkdodkYrjyKMuESifh? oifwdkYwGif

tuJtrS L;jyKaom oludki,f om;uJhodkYjzpf ap/ tkyfpdk;aomoludkvnf; tapcHuJhodkYjzpfap/ tb,f olonfom
BuD;jrwfoenf;/

pm;yGJavsmif;aomolonf

pm;yGJwGifavsmif;aomolonf

BuD ;jrwf

BuD;jrwfoavm/

vkyf auR;aomolonf

BuD;jrwfoavm/

onf r[k wfavm/

odkYaomfvnf;

igonf oifwdkYwGif

vkyfauR;aomoluJhodkY jzpf\

wrefawmfqdkif&mtcGifhtmPm\&nf&G,fcsuf
tkyfpdk;&ef
wrefawmfwdkYESifh

oif;tkyfrsm;taeESifh

a'ocHtoif;awmfrsm;udk

tkyfcsKyfcJhMuonf

ESifhtnD

xdkolwdkYtm;

wnfaqmufjcif;? vdktyfovdk pnf;urf;wus jyKpkysdK;axmif ay;jcif;? wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; ajyvnfpGmajz&Sif; ndEdIif;jcif;?

cdkifrmNrJNrHap&ef tmPmcGJa0 ay;jcif;wdkYudk vkyfaqmifay;onf/

qHk;roGefoif&ef
a'otwGif;&Sd toif;awmfrS oif;tkyfrsm; toufBuD;olrsm;\ oGefoifqHk;rjcif; rcH&aom ,HkMunfolwpfOD;pDESifh
acgifa;qmifwdkYudk wrefawmfwpfOD;u oGefoif&ef vdktyfygu rdrd\ tcGifhtmPmoHk; qHk;roGefoif&ygvdrfhrnf/
1aum 4 ; 14 15 21 oifwdkYonf &S ufapjcif;iSg odkYiga&;onf r[kwf/ oifwdkYudkcspfom;uJhodkYrSwf
owday;\/

oifwdkYwGif

c&pfawmf \

taMumif ;udk

oifay;aomq&m

wpfaomif;&Sdjim;aomfvnf;?

tbtrsm;r&Sd? {0Ha*vw&m; tm;jzifh igonf oifwdkYudk a,I c&pfjzpfbGm;apNyD/

oifwdkYonf tb,fodkYtvdk&Sd oenf;/ igonfESifwHESifhoif wdkYqDodkY vm&rnf avm/ odkYr[kwf arwmESifh4if;?
El;nHhodrfarGUaompdwf ES ifh4if;? vm&rnf avm/
1aum

1-5

rw&m;aomarxkef omrnr[k wf?

tb\r,m;udkodrf;,l

jcif;

wnf;[l aomomoemyvl wdkYwGifyif rMum;&aomarxkef rSD 0Jaomolonf oifwdkYwGif &SdaMumif;udk tESHUtjym;

ausmfapmMu\/ xdkodkYjyKaomoludk oifwdkY txJrS ESif xkwfrnfhtaMumif;? pdwfromnOf;wG m;jcif;udkrjyK?
rmeaxmifvTm;

vsuf aeMu\/

0dnmOf tm;jzifhruGm?

xdkYaMumifhigonf

udk ,fcEmtm;jzifh

udk ,fwdkifoif wdkYES ifhtwl&SdouJhodk Y

oifwdkYESifuG mvsuf&Sdaomf

xdkodkYusifh aom

oludk

vnf;?

,ckyifigpD&ifNyD/

pD&ifcsuf[lrl um;? igwdkYocif a,Ic&pf\ tcGifhtm; jzifh oifwdkYonf igh0dnmOfES ifhtwl pnf ;a0;NyD;rS
igwdkYocifa,I c&pf\ wefcdk; awmfudktrSDjyK? xdkol\0d nmOfonf a,Ic&pf\aeY&uf u,f wifjcif;odkY
a&mufrnftaMumif;? ol\udk ,fcEmysuf pD;bkdY&m olYudkpmwef vufo dkYtyfESHMu ap[k igpD &if\/
54

2aum

13

2-4

<uif;aomoltaygif;wdkYtm;
wzef&Sdbd ouJh odkY

wzefiga&mufvmvQif
txufuigajymonfomru?

igajymES ifh\/

igAsm'dwfjyawmfrljcif;
taMumif ;rlum;

oifwdkYudkroem;&[k

oifwdkY wGif

oufaoudk

tm;enf;awmfrrl ?

oifwdkYonf

xdkc&pfawmfonf

,ck yif

olrSp

oifwkdYESifhtwl

r&Sdaomfvnf ;?

tm;BuD;awmf rlaom

c&pfawmfonf

&SmaomaMumifh?

tm;enf;jcif ;ES ifh

jypfrSm;aom

iga&mufvmaomtcg

vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm

roem;&?

taocHaomfvnf ;?

bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;awmfES ifh touf&S ifawmfrl\/ igwdkY onfvnf ; c&pfawmf\enf;wl tm;enf;aomfvnf ;?

oifwdkYwGifjyaom bk&m;ocif\ wefc dk;awmftm;jzifh c&pf awmfES ifhtwl touf&S ifjcif;&SdMu vdrfhrnf/

aemifwvrf;odkYydkYaqmifay;jcif;
wrefawmf\ vlwdkUwGif omoemjyK&mrS aemifw&jcif;? a&G;EIwfu,fwifjcif;? 0dnmOf Edk;xrIESifh toufwmrsm;udk
qufuyftyfESHjcif;odkY ydkYaqmifay;onf/
wref

19

17-20

]]xdktaMumif;t&mudk

{zufNrdKUaeaom

,k'vlES ifh

a[vovltaygif;wdkYonfMum;odvQif? aMumuf&GHUjcif;odkYa&muf ocifa,I \emrawmfudk csD;rGrf;Mu\/

,HkMunfaomoltrsm;wdkYonfvnf ;vm

rdrdwdkY

tusif hudk

abmfjyvsufawmif;yefMu\/

ewf0dZmtwwfudkoHk;aqmifaomol trsm;wdkYonfvnf; rdrd wdkYpmapmifudk ,lcJh vltaygif;wdkYa&SUrSm rD;IdUMu\

pmapmif tbdk;udk

csifhwGuf aomf?

aiGtojym

ig;aomif;xdkufonfudk

odMu\/

xdkodkYocif bk&m;\

omoemawmf onf wefckd;ES ifhwdk;yGm; atmifjrif av\/

aiGaMu;qdkif&m&Sif;wrf;
wrefawmfonf a'ocHtoif;awmfwpfyg;pD\ aiGaMu;qdki&f m pm&if;&Sif;wrf;rsm;udk jyefMum;ay;onf/
1aum 16 ; 1-4

oefY&S if;olwdkYtbdkY vSL'gef; pkxm;jcif;trIrSm? *vmwd jynf toif;awmfrsm;udk

igrSmxm;onf twdkif;

oif wdkYjyKMuavm/

iga&muf

vmaomtcg

vSL'gef;

pkxm;p&m

r&Sdapjcif;iSg?

ckepf&ufwGif yXraeY&uf toD;toD;aumif;pm;onfhtwdkif;? rdrdwdkYOpm wbdkYudkxkwfpkxm;Muavm/

iga&muf vmaomtcg?

oif wdkYtvdk&Sdaom

olwdkYudk

igonf

vwf rSwfpmay;?

oifwdkYvSLaomtvSLudk

a,k&S vifNrdKUodkY ydkYpdrfhaomiSg apvTwfrnf/ odkYr[k wf igudk,fwdkif oGm;oifhvQif? olwdkYonf igESifht wl

vdkuf&Murnf/

wnfNidrfaponf
wrefawmfonf toif;awmfxH av;eufwnfNidrfrIudk ,laqmifvm bk&m;ocif\ EIwu
f ygwfawmf eufeJpGm
tjrpfpGJapaomaMumifh rSm;,Gif;aom Mo0g'rS umuG,f ay;onf/

55

{zuf

14

taMumif ;rlum;?

vSnfhjzm;ajymqd kojzifh?

igwdkYonf

ol wyg;wdkY onf

aemuf wzef

vly&d ,m,fES ifhtjypf odkY

cyfod rf;aom

Mo0g'

aoG;aqmifjcif ;iSg

avwdkufzdkz&JvGifhoG m;aom

oli,frjzpf bJvsuf?
aumavmoJ 2 ; 6-7 xdkYaMumifhoifwdkYonf ocifa,I c&pfudk cH,lNyD;onf jzpf ? xdkocifpdkufysd K;jcif;?
wnfaqmufjcif;&Sdvsuf ? enf;Oya'oudkcHNyD ;onfh twdkif ;? ,HkMunfjcif; NrJNrHpGm pGJvrf ;vsuf? aus;Zl;awmfudk
csD;rG rf;jcif;ESifhwuG ,HkMunfjcif;wdk;yG m;jynfhpHk vsuf? xdkocif usifvnfMuavmh/

tuG,ftumay;jcif;
wrefawmfwpfOD;onf

olwnfaxmifxm;aom

toif;awmfrsm;ESifhtwuG

ol\

omoemjyKjcif;udk

vufcHonfha'otm; MunfhIapmifha&Smuf&vdrfhrnf/
a[NAJ 13 ; 17

oifwdkYudk tkyfaomolwdkY\pum;udkem;axmif ESdrfhcsvsuf aeMuavmh? olwdkYonf

udk,fwdkifppfaMumjcif;udkcH&aomoluJhodkY? oifwdkYpdwf 0d nmOf\tusdK;tvdkYiSg apmifh aeMu\/ oif wdkYtusdK;udk

rjzpfapwwfaom

0rf ;enf;jcif;r&Sd?

0rf;ajrmufjcif ;&Sd?

olwdkYonfppfaMumjcif;udk

cH&rnf

taMumif ;owd jyKvsuf aeMuavm/

omoemhe,faomhcsufrsm;
wrefawmfonf oltajcjyKxm;onfh a'oE&toif;awmf oif;tkyfwpfyg;\ wm0ef udk vkyfaqmif&ygvdrfhrnf/
tdrf&Sdaomtcg

olonf

yg0ifvkyfaqmif&ygrnf/

xdka'oE&toif;awmf

rnfodkYqdkap

\omoemjyKtzGJUwGif

a'ocHtoif;awmf&Sdaom

tpdwftydkif;wpfcktjzpf

omoemjyKtzGJUonf

oif;tkyfq&mtjzpf

wm0efxrf; aqmifonfhq&m\ tkyfcsKyfO;D aqmifrIatmuf&Sd&vdrfhrnf/

omoejyKtzGJUrsm;
wrefawmfwpfOD;onf rMumcPqdkovdk wrefawmfqdkif&m tzGJUwpfck\ OD;pD;acgif; aqmifjzpf&vdrfhrnf/ tzGJUudk
zGJUpnf;aom ,HkMunfolrsm;wGif omoemqkaus;Zl; ig;rsdK;udk vkyfaqmifonfh tjcm;aomolrsm;vnf; yg0ifEdkifonf/
tzGJUxJ omoem ig;rsdK;wGif wpfrsdK;rsdK;odkY ac:awmfrljcif;cH&onfh vlwpfcsdKUvnf; yg0ifvmEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf
xdkolwkdYtm; bdodwfay;NyD; apvTwf&eftwGuf jyifqif&m tcsdefumv twGif;omjzpf&rnf/ tzGJUxJomoemudk
taxmuftuljyKaomolwdkYvnf; yg0if Edkifygonf/
tzGJU0ifolrsm; wpfOD;csif;pDwdkYonf wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;? toif;awmfESifh eD;uyfpGm &if;ESD;qufqH wrefawmf\
0dnmOfa&;&m OD;pD;acgif;aqmifrIudk vufcHvsuf vdkufemMu&vdrfhrnf/ olwdkYonf a&SUwef;{0Ha*vd vIyf&Sm;rIwdkY4if;?
toif;awmfopf

rsm;

ormusrf;pmausmif;rsm;udk

wnfaxmif&m4if;?

&SdNyD;aom

toif;awmfrsm;tm;

pdwf"gwfwuf<uapjcif;? jyefvnfjyKjyifwnfaqmufjcif;? wdk;yGm;BuD;xGm;atmif a&SUI vkyfaqmifjcif;rsm;wGif twlwuG

56

0dkif;0ef;xrf;&GufvkyfaqmifMu&vdrfhrnf/ wref awmfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif a&G;aumufawmfrlaom ,HkMunfolrsm;jzpfNyD;

oif;tkyf rsm;\ todrSwfjyKcH&jcif;? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf vrf;jyrprIjzifh bk&m;ocif\ EdkifiHawmfudk urmwvTm;
us,fjyefYap&ef IygkHjzifh OD;pD;aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf ac: awmfrljcif;cH&aomolrsm;jzpfonf/

enf;AsL[mudkwdk;jrifhay;jcif;
wrefawmfonf aojcmaom t"duusonfhae&mrsm;&Sd omoemuGif;xJwGif a'ocH oif;tkyfrsm;ESifhtwl yl;aygif;
vkyfaqmif&vdrfhrnf/ olonf xdka'oE&toif; awmf\twGif;o@ef? tjyifo@ef tajctaet&yf&yfudk
avhvmMunfhI a&&Snf ESifh ta&;ay:vdktyfrIrsm;udk cGJjcm;oHk;oyf&ygvdrfhrnf/ a'owGif;&Sd toif;awmf wpfckonf
0dnmOfa&;&m qufvufBuD;xGm;wdk;yGm;&ef aemufxyfvdktyfonfh omoemvkyfief;trsdK;rsdK;udk wrefawmfucgwdkif;uJodkY
Munfhjrifwwf&vdrfhrnf/ xdkodkY toif;awmftwGuf toifhavQmfqHk;jzpfrnfh omoemhvkyfief;rsdK;udk zdwfac:
toif;awmf trIaqmifap&ef wrefawmfu twnfjyKaxmufcHay;&vdrfhrnf/
bk&m;ocifonf ol\toif;awmf ,aeYtb,fodkY jyKawmfrlonfudk omBuD;rm; aomjrifuGif;us,fkyfyHkum;csyfay:
tajcjyK a'oE&toif;awmftwGuf omoem pDrHudef;rsm;udk NcHKiHk enf;pepfrsm;omzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufap&ef
wrefawmfu ulnDvkyf aqmifay;oifhygonf/

acgif;aqmifrsm;udkcefYxm;jcif;
a'owGif;&Sd

toif;awmf

acgif;aqmifrIudk

arG;xkwfay;jcif;?

twnfjyKcGJcefYjcif;rsm;

udk

wrefawmfu

a'oE&toif;awmf&Sd oif;tkyfrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&vdrfh rnf/

wref 14 ; 23

toif;awmfrsm;wdkY oif;tkyfwdkYudkcefYxm;? tpma&Smif vsuf qkawmif;yXemjyKNyD ;vQif?

oif;0ifolwdkY,Hk Munfaom ocifbk&m;\vuf awmfodkY xdktoif;awmfudktyfESHMu\/

avhusifhoifMum;jcif;
olonf

omoemawmftwGuf

jyifqifMuaomolrsm;?

,HkMunfot
l m;vHk;wdkYESifh

oif;tkyfrsm;udk

oifMum;jcif;?

avhusifhay;jcif;ESifh TefMum;jcif;rsm;udk aqmif&Gufay; &ygrnf/

2wd 2 ; 2 oufaocHtrsm;&SdonfES ifh igh xHMum;&NyD ;aom t&mwdkYudk? op m ES ifhjynhfpHk olwyg;wdkYudk
oGefoifjcif;iSg? wwfpG rf;EdkifaomolwdkYtyfay;avmh/

ormusrf;pmoifausmif;rsm;udkwnfaxmifjcif;
wrefawmfwpfOD;onf ormusrf;pmoifausmif;rsm;udk wnfaxmif rdrdudk,fwdkif oifMum;&vdrfhrnf/
wrefawmf 19 ; 10 wk&E Ktrnf&Sdaomol\ pmoifp&yf ESpf ESpfywfvHk; aeYwdkif; a[majymaomtm;jzifh ?
tm&Sdjynfom;jzpfaom ,k'vl? a[vovl taygif;wdkYonf ocifa,I\ EIwfuywf w&m;awmfudk Mum;&Mu\/
57

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crnf;awmf\ ynwfawmfonf xm0& toufjzpfonf udk igod\/

a,m[ef 17 ; 8

]]taMumif;rlum;? tuREfkyftm;ay;awmfrlorQaom t&mwdkY udk olwdkYtm;tuREfkyf ay;

olwdkYonfcH,l ojzifh? tuREfkyfonftxHawmfrS <uvmonf udk twyfodMuonfESifh udk,fawmfonftuREfkyfudk

apvTwf awmf rl onfudk ,HkMuyg\/

rjzpfao;onfudkBudKwifjzpfvm&ef rdefYrSmawmfrljcif;
a,Ionf ya&mzufwpgyg;taejzifh ajrBuD;ay: bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmf udkom a<u;aMumfjcif;ruyg/
rjzpfao;onfht&mrsm;pGmudk jynfhpHkvm&ef rdefYawmfrlcJh onf/

"ropfusrf;rSya&mzufrsm;
AwdZHq&m a,m[ef
a,m[efonf

y#dnmOfa[mif;rS

aemufqHk;ya&mzufjzpfonf/

olonf

vltaygif;wdkY

tm;

ar&Sd,t&Sifudk

vufcH&&Sdap&ef vrf;jyifqifay;jcif; trIawmfudk aqmif&Guf& oljzpfonf/

rJ

ya&mzufa[&S m,

a[mbl;onfum;?

awm[pfausmfaomol\

toHrSm?

xm0&bk&m;<uawmfrl &m vrf ;udkjyifMuavmh / vrf ;c&D ;udk ajzmifhap Muavmh[laomtcsuf xdka,m[efudk
qdkvdkownf;/

tm*Ak
,k'jynf&SdMuaom ,HkMunfolrsm; a&mufvwHUaom a'oBuD;wckvHk;udk ysufpD;ap rnfh uyfab;qdk;BuD;rS
tEdtkwfNrdKU ya&mzufjyKjcif;jzifh az:jycJhaom ya&mzuf tm*Ak\ trIawmfaqmifjcif;aMumifh vGwfajrmufapcJhonf/
wrefawmf 11 ; 27 30 xdktcg ya&mzufwdkYonf a,k&SvifNrdKUrS tEdtkwfNrdKUodkYvmMu\/ xdkolwdkY t0if?
tm*Aktrnf&Sdaomolwa,mufonf x? ajrwjyifvHk; tpmt[m& tvGefacgif ;yg;jcif; jzpf vwHh[k
0dnmOf awmf tm;jzifhabmfjy\/ xdkacgif;yg;jcifonf uJombk&ifu avm'dvufxuf jzpf ownf;/ xdktcg
wynfhawmfwdkY onf

toD ;toD;wwfEdkif Muonftwkdif;?

,k'

jynfaeaom

nD tpfudkwdkYtm;

tultray;vdk ufrnf[k? pD&ifMuonfES ifhtnD AmeAES ifh a&S mvkwdkYwGif oif;tkyfwdkYxHokdY ay;vdkufMu\/
tm*Akonf wrefawmf&Sifaygvk\ yk*dKvfa&;ESifhqdkifvnf; az:jya[majymcJh ao;onf/
72

wrefawmf 21 ; 10-11 xdktdrf wm&SnfpGmaeMuNyD ;rS tm*Ak trnf&Sdaom ya&mzufwa,mufonf

,k'jynfrSvm- igwdkY&Sd&modkY0ifojzifh? aygvk \ cg;yef;udk,lrd rdajcvufudk csnf aESmifNyD ;vQif? cg;yef ;&Sifudk
,k'vlwdkYonf

a,k&S vifNrdKU

csnfaESmif

wyg;trsdK;om;wdkYvuf odkY

tyfESHMuvdrfhrnf [k

oefY&Sif;aom0d nmOfawmf rd efY awmfrl onf[k qdk\/

tm*AkESifhtwl

tjcm;ya&mzufrsm;udkvnf;

a,k&SvifNrdKUrS

tEdtkwfNrdKUodkY

apvTwfcJh

onf/

odkY&mwGif

olwdkY\trnfrsm;udkrl az:jyxm;jcif;r&Sdyg/
wrefawmf 11 ; 27 xdktcg ya&mzuf wdkYonf a,k&SvifNrdKUrS tEdtk wfNrdKU okdYvmMu\/

tEdtkwfrS ya&mzufig;yg;
wref 13 ; 1 tEdtkwfNrdKUwGif&Sdaom toif;awmf AmeArSp ed*g[kac: a0:aomIarmif? uka&ae
jynfom;vkud? apmf bGm;a[k 'f\ oli,fcsif ;t&if; jzpfaom rmeifESifh a&Smvkwnf;[laom ya&mzufjyKol?
q&mjyKol &SdMu\/
a&SmvkESifh AmeAwdkYonf wrefawmftjzpf wyg;trsdK;om;rsm;xHokdY apvTwfjcif;rwdkif rSD ya&mzufESifh "rq&mtjzpf
opm&Sdaom trIawmfaqmifrsm; jzpfcJhMuonf/

,k'ESifhodv
,k'ESifhodvwdkYonf ya&mzufjyK ,HkMunfolrsm;udk qHk;rjcif;? cdkifcefYapjcif;jzifh trIawmfudk xrf;&GufMuonf/
wref 15 ; 32 ,k'ESifhod v wdkYonf ya&mzufjzpfaomaMumifh rsm;pGmaom pum;ESifh nDtpfudkwdkYudk qHk;r
NrJNrH cdkifcHhapMu\/

trsdK;orD;ya&mzuf (ya&mzufr)rsm;\omoem
bk&m;ocif\ ya&mzufrtjzpf todtrSwfjyKjcif; cH&avmufatmif ya&mzufjyKcJh aom trsdK;orD;rsm;pGmudk
az:jyxm;onf/
"ra[mif;usrf;xJ rd&dtH? a'aAm&ESifh a[&S,\ ZeD;jzpfol [kv'wdkYudk uREfkyfwdkY awGU&Sd&onf/

tE
tEonf y#dnmOfa[mif;umvrS aemufqHk;aom ya&mzufq&mrjzpfonf/ olonf oli,fawmfudk zl;jrifonfESifh
rdrd\ vlwdkYudk a&G;EIwfu,fwif&ef <ua&mufawmf rlaom t&Siftjzpf odjrifcJhonf/
vkum 2 ; 36-38 ]]tm&SmtrsdK;jzpfaom zaEG v\orD;? tEtrnf&Sdaom ya&mzufrwa,muf&Sd\/
olonfysdKaomt&G,frSp ckepfESpfomvifES ifhaeNyD; vQif ? toufBuD;&ifh tESpf&Spfq,fav;ESpfcefYrQwdkifwdkif
73

rkwfqdk;rjzpf vsuf?

qk awmif;jcif;ES ifhtpma&Smif jcif ;tm;jzifh

aeYnOfh rjywf

bk&m;0wfudkjyK

Adrmef

awmfES ifhrcGgbJae\/ olonfvnf; xdkcPjcif;wGif 0if xm0&bk &m;\ aus;Zl; awmfudkcsD;rG rf;av\/
a,k&S vifNrdKU a&G;EIwfjcif;t&mudk ajr mfvifh aomol taygif;wdkYtm; xdkol i,f\taMumif ;udk ajymav\/

a,mv\ya&mzufjyKcsuf
a,mvonf

trsdK;orD;rsm;\

ya&mzufjyK

trIawmfaqmifjcif;udk

BudKwifya&m

zufjyKxm;cJhonf/

xdkya&mzufa,mv\ ya&mzufjyKcsuf jynfhpHkaMumif; &SifaywkrS twnfjyKcJhonf/

wrefawmf

16-18

a[mbl;aomtcsufum;?
oifwdkY\

]]t&mum;?

aemifumv

om;orD;wdkYonf

ya&mzuf

ya&mzuf a,mva[mbl;aomt&m

vl rsdK;wumwdkYtay:odkY
OmPfESifh

ig\0d nmOfawmfudk

a[majym&Muvdrfhrnf /

jzpfownf;/

igoGef;avmif;rnf /

toufi,faomolwdkYonf

Asm'dwflygHkwdkYudk jrif&Muvdrfhrnf/ toufBuD;aomolwdkYonfvnf; edrdwftdyfrufwdkYudk jrifruf& Muvdrfhrnf/

xdkumvvnf ; ig\trIudkaqmif&G ufaom a,musfm;rdef;rwdkY tay:odkY ig\0dnmOfawmfudk igoGef ;avmif;?
olwdkYonf ya&mzufOmPfES ifh a[majym&Muvdrfhrnf/

zdvdyKESifhorD;rsm;
wrefawmf

21

8-9

]]euf jzefaeYxG ufoGm;jyef

uJ o&d NrdKUodkYa&mufvQif ?

q&mck epfyg;t0if?

omoemjyKq&m zdvd y K\ tdrf odkY0ifaeMu\/ xdkol ya&mzufjyKaom orD;unmav;a,muf&Sd\/

"ropfusrf;wckvHk;wGif trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifhqdkif ya&mzufqdkif&m trIawmfaqmifjcif; qkaus;Zl;ay;tyfxm;onf[k
&nfTef;csufrsm;

xif&Sm;pGmaz:jyxm;jcif;r&Sdyg/

odkY&m

wGif

taMumif;t&m

trsdK;orD;rsm;onfvnf;

ya&mzuf0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;udk &&Sd toHk;jyKum trIawmfxrf;&GufaMumif; xif&Sm;pGm todtrSwfjyK az:jyxm;onf/

ya&mzufa[&Sm,ESifhol\ ZeD;uJhodkY wlnDaom trIawmfaqmif qkaus;Zl;udk &,l toHk;jyKaom vifESifhr,m;pHkwGJ
toif;tzGJUrsm;\ trIawmfaqmifjcif;rsdK;udkvnf; rMumrMumawGY&onf/
trIawmfjrwftwGif; vifr,m;pHkwGJrsm;onf tjcm;aom trIawmfaqmif qkaus;Zl;rsm;jzpfonf oif;tkyfq&m?
"rq&momru

wrefawmfESifh

vifr,m;pHkwGJrsm;vnf;&Sdygonf/
vifESifhr,m;qdkonfrSm

odkY

ya&mzufponf
jzpfyGm;jcif;onf

waoG;wom;wnf;jzpfNyD;

0dnmOfvnf;

omoemqkaus;Zl;rsm;udk&&SdtoHk;jyKaom
trIawmf

BuD;rm;aomcGeftm;jzpfaponf/

wvHk;w0wnf;jzpfum

trIawmfaqmifjcif;

vnf;twlwuG BuD;pGm aom qkaus;Zl;awmfESifh tm;BuD;pGm xrf;&GufwwfMuonf/

74

jyefvSefavhusifh&efar;cGef;rsm;
1/

oif\udk,fydkifpum;vHk;rsm;ESifh ya&mzufwpfOD;\ t"dyg,fudk zGifhqdka&;om;yg/

2/

ya&mzufjyKjcif;

0dnmOf\qdkvdk&if;um;tb,fenf;/

,HkMunfow
l OD;\

toufwm

wGif

4if;onfrnfuJhodkY

vkyfaqmifoenf;/

3/

"ra[mif;usrf;rS ya&mzuf\tjcm; bGJUemrrsm;taMumif;az:jyyg/

75

tcef; ( 6 )
ya&mzuf\trIawmfaqmifjcif; (aemufqufwGJ)
{zuf 4 ; 11-13 c&pfawmf \udk,fawmfudk wnfaqmuf ? "rq&m\trIudk jyKwwf rnftaMumif;? oefY&Sif ;olwdkYudk
jyifqifjcif;tvdkYiSg?

xdk ocifonfvltcsdKUwdkYudk

wref

awmft&m4if;?

tcsdKUwdkYudkya&mzuf t&m4if;?

tcsdKUwdkYudkomoemjyKt&m4if;? tcsdKU wdkYudkoif;tk yf q&m? q&mt&m4if ;? cefYxm;awmf rl\/ igwdkY&SdorQonf

,HkMunfjcif;odkY

4if;?

bk&m;ocif\om;awmfudk

od uRrf;jcif;odkY4if;?

wnDwGwf wnf;a&muf

c&pf

awmf\

jynfhpHkjcif;yrmPt&yfwnf;[laom BuD;&ifhaomvl\tjzpf odkY a&mufMuonf wdkifatmif jzpfownf;/

,aeYvuf&Sdya&mzuf\trIawmfaqmifjcif;
bk&m;ocifonf ya&mzufqdkif&m omoemawmfudk,ciftwdkif; jyefvnfwnf apawmfrlonf/ ya&mzufrsm;
olwdkY\trIawmfESifh olwdkYtm;ac:,lawmfrljcif;udk ydkrdk jynfhjynfhpHkpHkem;vnfEdkif&ef? "ropfusrf;rS ppfrSefaom
yHkpHerlemudk Munfhoifhonf/
{zuf 4 ; 12

oefY&Sif;olwdkYudk jyifqifjcif ;tvdkYiSg? xdkocifonfvl tcsdKU wdkYudk wrefawmft&m4if; ?

tcsdKUwdkYudkza&mzuft&m4if ;? tcsdKUwdkYudk omoemjyKt&m4if;? tcsdKUwdkYudkoif;tk yf q&m? q&mt&m4if;?

cefYxm;awmf rl \/
ya&mzufwpfyg;\ ya&mzufjyKjcif;trIudk aqmif&GufpOftwGif; tu,f ol\ vkyfaqmifrIonf c&pfawmf\
pHkvifjcif;yrmPt&yfwdkifatmif

c&pfawmf\

cEmudk,fudk

wnfaqmufjcif;jzpfonfrSefvQif

olYtm;odrSwf?

vufcHjcif;ESifh ya&mzufwpfyg;tjzpf cGifhjyK&rnf/

Asm'dwfzGifhjycsuftvif;udk,laqmifay;jcif;
ya&mzuf\

trIawmfonf

xl;jcm;onfhenf;vrf;jzifh

zGifhjyjcif;Asm'dwftvif;udk

bk&m;ocif\txHawmfrS

,laqmifvmonf/

toHawmfMum;&&ef

ya&mzuf

tcsdef,l&onf/

wpfOD;onf
olonfbk&m;\

EIwfuywfawmfudk zwfIavhvm qifjcifESvHk;oGif; vdrfhrnf/ ya&mzufwpfOD;tjzpf olonfrdrd\twGif;ESvHk;xJodkY

bk&m;\EIwfuywf awmfaz:jyjcif; Asm'dwftvif;udk &&Sdvdrfhrnf/ txl;ojzifh uJhodkY az:jyay;jcif; onf
ol\trIawmfaqmifjcif;tm;jzifh udk,fawmf\cEmudk,fudk rlvae&mjyefvnf wnfap&ef bk&m;ocifrnfonfht&mudk
aqmif&Gufawmfrlrnfudk az:jyod&Sdapjcif; jzpfonf/
{zuf

xdkeufeJ aomt&mudk

oefY&Sif ;aomwrefawmf wdkYESifh

ya&mzuf

wdkYtm;?

,ckumv0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh zGifhvSpfawmfrlonfhenf;wl? tjcm;aom umvwdkY vl rsdK;wdkYtm;jyawmfrrl/

76

ya&mzuf\ trIawmfaqmifjcif;onf vlwkYd\ toufwmtwGif;&Sd tjypf'kpdkufESifh jyemrsm;paomolwdkY\

toufwmxJrS

atmifjrifjcif;ESifh

&ihfusufrIudk

qGJcsae

aomtwm;tqD;rsm;yg0ifonfh

tcsuftvufrsm;?

owif;pum;rsm;udk az:jyay; vdrfhrnf/ uJhodkYya&mzufjyKjcif;onf vltaygif;wdkYudk bk&m;ocifESifh oduRrf;jcif;

odkYydkYaqmifay; olwdkYtm;Iwfcsjypfwifa0zefjcif;atmufodkY ydkYaqmifjcif; r[kwfajc/
1aum 14 ; 25 xdkodkYol\pdwfESvHk; rxif&Sm;aomt&mwdkYonf xif&Sm;jyef olonfjyyf0yfvsuf?
bk&m;ocifudkudk;uG,fvdrfhrnf? bk &m;ocifonf oifwdkY wGiftrSef &Sdawmfrlonf[k oufaocH vdrfhrnf/

IygHkudk&&Sdaponf
ya&mzuf\ trIawmfaqmifjcif;onf lygHk? &nf&G,fcsufESifh bk&m;ocif\ vlwdkY twGuf wdkufdkufTefMum;csuf
todtmHkudk,laqmifvmonf/
okwH 29 ; 18(u) Asm'dwfawmfr&SdvQif? vlwdkYonftusdK;enf ;jzpfMu\/

owday;jcif;
ya&mzufonf

bk&m;ocif\vlwdkYtwGuf

uG,fumrIudkay;Edkifaom

owday;csufrsm;

udk

ay;vdrfhrnf/

owday;jcif;onf a&SUwGifjzpfay:vmawmhrnfht&mtwGuf jyifqifEdkif&efjzpfonf/

wref 21 ; 10 11 xdktdrfwm&Snf pGmaeMuNyD;rS tm*Aktrnf&Sdaom ya&mzuf wpfa,mufonf
,k'jynfrSvm? igwdkY&Sd&modkY0ifojzifh? aygvk \ cg;yef ;udk,l ? rdrd ajcvuf udk csnfaESmif NyD;vQif? cg;yef;&Sifudk
,k'vlwdkYonf

a,k&S vifNrd KUcsnfaES mif?

wyg;trsdK;om;wdkYvufodkY

tyf ESHMuvrfhrnf[k

oefY&Sif;aom0d nmOfawmf rdefY awmfrl onf[k qdk\/

wref 11 ; 2728 xdktcg ya&mzufwdkYonf a,k&S vif Nrd KUrS tEd tkwfNrdKUodkY vmMu\/ xdkolwdkYt0if?
tm*Aktrnf&Sdaomolwa,mufonfx?

ajrwjyif

vHk;

tpmt[m&tvGef acgif ;yg;jcif;

jzpf vwHh[k

0dnmOf awmf tm;jzifh abmfjy \/ xdkacgif ;yg;jcif;onf uJombk&ifuavm'd vufxuf jzpf ownf;/

cGeftm;ay;^wdkufwGef;^oufomapjcif;
ya&mzuf\ trIawmfrS wnfaqmufcGeftm;ay;jcif;? wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfjcif;? oufom apjcif; csrf;omudk&&Sdaponf/
1aum 14 ; 3 ya&mzufjyKaomolrlum;? wnfaqmufjcif;? wkdufwG ef;aoG; aqmif jcif ;? ouf omjcif;tvdkYiS g
vlwdkYtm;a[majym\/
ya&mzuf[*JESifh

Zmc&dwdkYonf

vltaygif;wdkYtm;

NydKysuf&mrsm;udkvnf;

wnfaqmuf

&efwdkufwGef;cGeftm;ay;cJhMuonf/xdkodkYyif,aeYvuf&Sdya&mzufrsm;vnf; bk&m;ocif \trIawmfBuD; tNyD;owfEdkif&ef

wdkufwGef;Edk;aqmfjcif;? vIHUaqmfjcif;ESifh wkefYjyefvdkpdwf EdI;aqmfay;jcif;wdkYudk qufvufvkyfaqmif&vdrfhrnf/
77

{Z& 5 ; 1 xdktcg ya&mzuf[*JESifh a'gom;ya&mzuf Zmc&dvlwdkYonf ,k'jynf ol ? a,k&Svif NrdKUom;?

,k'vlwdkYtm; xm0&bk&m;tcGifhESifha[mMu\/
{Z&

14

]],k'trsdK;toufBuD;olwdkYonf

a'gom;Zmc&da[maomtm;jzifh?

wnf aqmuf ?

tBuHxajrmufMu\/

ya&mzuf

oa&vtrsdK;\

[*J

ESifh

bk&m;ocif trdefY awmfES ifh

ay&od&Sifbk&if ukkrif;? 'g&d rif;trd efYawmf twdkif; wnfaqmufvufpowfMu\/

tajccsjcif;ESifh pwifwnfaxmifjcif;
ya&mzufrsm;\ trIawmfaqmifjcif; toif;awmfrsm;\ tajccsjcif;ESifh pwifwnf axmifjcif;vnf;yg0ifonf/
ya&mzufonf toif;awmftopfrsm;ESifh trIawmf vkyfief;rsm;twGuf 0dnmOfa&;&mESifhqdkifonfh tkwfjrpfcsjcif;udk
wrefawmfESifhtwl vufwGJvkyfaqmif&rnf/
{zuf 2 ; 20 tb,fodkYenf;[lrl um;? wrefawmfwdkYrS p? ya&mzuf rsm;wnf ; [laom wdkuf jrpf tay:
oifwdkYonfxyf qifhwnfaqmufvsuf&SdMu\/
{zuf

xdkeufeJ aomt&mudk

oefY&Sif ;aomwrefawmf wdkYESifh

ya&mzufwdkY

tm;?

,ckumv0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh? zGifhvSpfawmfrlonfenf;wl? tjcm;aom umvwdkY vlrsdK;wdkYtm;jyawmfrrl/

ac:jcif;udktwnfjyKay;onf
ya&mzufrsm;onf omoemjyKq&mrsm;ESifh txl;toif;tzGJUwGif;&Sdaom ,HkMunfolrsm;tay: vufwifjcif;jzifh
olwdkY\toufwmtwGif;

oefY&Sif;0dnmOfawmf

qkaus;Zl;rsm;tm;

jznfhoGif;jcif;

xyfqifhapvTwfjcif;jzifh

omoemqkaus;Zl;rsm;\ yuwdwefcdk;udkjyo vkyfaqmifvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYonf xdkodkYaomtrIawmfudk aqmif&Guf csdef

txl;umvtawmtwGif; ya&mzufjyKjcif;qdkif&m pum;udk,laqmifay;jcif; wdkYudk jyKayvdrfhrnf/
wref

13

1-3

uka&aejynfom;vkud ?

tEd tkwfNrdKUwGif &Sdaomtoif;awmf

apmf bG m;a[k'f \

oli,fcsif;

AmeArS p

t&if;jzpfaom

ed*g[k

ac:a0:aomIarmif?

rmeifESifh

a&Smvkwnf ;[laom

ya&mzuf jyKol? q&mjyKol&SdMu\ xdkolwdkYonf ocifbk&m;0wfudkjyK tpmudka&SmifMupOf? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf

awmfu?

igcefYxm;aomtrI udk

aqmif &Gufapjcif ;iSg

AmeAES ifha&SmvkwdkYudk

a&G;cs,fcGJxm;Muavmh[k

rdefYawmf rlonf twdkif;? tpma&Smif yXemjyKvsuf? xdkolwdkY acgif;ay:rSm vufudkwif vTwfvdkufMu\/

1wd

14

Asm'd wfawmf udkcH?

oif;tkyfrsm;wdkYonfvufwifjcif ;ESifhwuG?

oiftyfay;aom

qkaus;Zl;udkrjyKpkbJ raeESifh/

tjcm;olrsm;ESifhtwlvkyfaqmifjcif;
ya&mzuf\ trIawmfonf ob0tay:tajccHjzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm &ifhusufaom trIawmfaqmifrsm;ESifh vufwGJNyD;
trIaqmifpOf

ydkif;jcm;qef;ppfjcif;ESifh

rQwpGm

csifhcsdefjcif;wdkYonf

ta&;BuD;onfhtaxmuftrrsm;jzpfonf/
78

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12

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79

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80

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81

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82

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83

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14

29

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86

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9

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2/

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87

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evangelist udkawGU&onf/
Euaggelizo = omoemtrI a wmf
"Euaggelizo" (tD,ltm*s,fvDZdk) onfomoemawmftrIawmfjrwfudk Tef;qdk t"dyg,frSm owif;aumif; (odkY)
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90

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Euaggelion = owif ; pum;
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(tD,ltm*s,fvDtGef)owif;pum;udkGef;qdkonf

t"dyg,frSm

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92

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94

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95

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97

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14-17

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98

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wref

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99

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5-8

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100

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101

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102

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wref

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103

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104

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108

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109

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110

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Miracle Evangelism God's plan to reach the world

111

jyefvSefavhusifh&efar;cGef;rsm;
1/

usefaomtjcm;,HkMunfolwdkY\ udk,fcEmESifh rdrdonf ygwfoufqufEG,fvsuf&Sdonfh taejzifh {0Ha*vdq&m zdvdyK

uREfkyfwdkYjrifawGU&aom tusifhpdkufoHk;rsdK;udk az:jy yg/

2/

c&pfawmfudk,fcEmawmfESifh pyfqdkifaom {0Ha*vdq&mwGif xm;&Sd&rnfh&nf&G,fcsuf udk&Sif;vif;az:jyyg/

3/

tHhMobG,f&m{0HvdtrIawmfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ EIwfuywfawmfrS OyrmtcsdKUudk az:jyyg/

112

tcef; ( 9 )
oif;tkyf (odkY) odk;xdef;\ trIaqmifjcif;
{zuf 4 ; 11

c&pfawmf \udk,fawmfudk wnfaqmuf ? "rq&m\trIudk jyKwwf rnftaMumif ;? xdkocifonf

vltcsd KUwdkYudk? wrefawmft&m4if;? tcsd KUwd k Yudk ya&mzuf t&m4if; tcsdKUwdkYudk omoemt&m4if; tcsdKUwdkYudk
oif;tk yft&m? q&mt&m4if ; cefYxm;awmfrl \/

ed'gef;
,aeYtoif;awmf txif&Sm;qHk;jrifEdkifonf trIawmfaqmif qkaus;Zl;&olrSm oif;tkyq
f &mjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif
"ropfusrf;umv ueOD;toif;awmfrlum; xdkuJhodkYr[kwf oif;tkyfq&m[laom pum;vHk;udk (New King
James) usrf;pm wpfBudrfomawGU&onf/ ( {zuf 4 ; 11 )

xHk;wrf;pOfvmIa'gifh
trIawmfaqmifqkaus;Zl;rsm;udk uREfkyfwdkYem;vnf&ef vpf[if;rIaMumifh rjzpf Edkifonfh 0efxkwf0efydk;BuD;rsm;udk
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xrf;aqmif&onfh

wm0ef0w&m;rsm;rSm

aiGaMu;b@mudkwm0ef,l&ef?

aysmufqHk;0dnmOf&&Sd&ef?

odk;pkudkxdef;odrf;MunfhI&ef?

usrf;pmoifMum;ay;&efESifh

{0Ha*vdvkyfaqmif&ef

ponfht&mtm;vHk;yg0ifaeavh&Sdonf/
uJhodkYaom taetxm;rsdK; olwpfOD;wnf;cH&yfaeygu oltwGuf kyfydkif;ESifh pdwfydkif;wGif tvGeftm;enf;NyD;
xdcdkufvmum axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom oif;tkyf q&mrsm;onf pdwfydkif;qdkif&m 0dnmOfydkif;qdkif&m? cEmydkif;qdkif&m?
cHpm;rIydkif;qdkif

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(odkY)

pdwf"gwfa&;&myg

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rsm;pGmaomolwdkY

om;aumiftjzpf

onf

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bk&m;ocif\ ppfaq; awmfrljcif; &Sif;wrf;r&SdaomaMumifhESifh ormorwf r&SdaomaMumifhjzpfonf/

ormusrf;Ia'gifh
trIawmfaqmif

qkaus;Zl;

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rdrdwdkYtxl;jyKvkyfaqmifEdkifrIrsm;ESihf

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EdkifpGrf;udk&,lpDrHaqmif&GufMu&onf/
trIawmftm;vHk;

oif;tkyfq&mudk

"ropfusrf;&Sd
yHktyfcsefxm;

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jcif;rsdK;jyKrnfhtpm;?
113

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toD;oD;udk,fpD&&Sdonfh

twdkif;

twlwuGpDrHvkyfaqmifMuonfudk

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ay;tyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

omoemawmf\ trIawmfaqmif&eftwGuf bk&m;ocif\vlwdkYudk jyifqif&ef/

c&pfawmf\ cEmudk,fudk wnfaqmuf&ef/

bk&m;ocif\om;awmfudk ,HkMunfjcif;ESifh oduRrf;jcif; wnDwGwfwnf; &Sdap&ef/

oefY&Sif;olwdkYudk &ihfusufjcif;ESifh c&pfawmf\ jynfhpHkjcif;odkYa&muf&Sdap&ef/

oif;tkyf

(odkY)

odk;xdef;[laom

trIawmfaqmifqkaus;Zl;cH&olonf

yHkrSeftm;jzifh

a'oE&toif;awmfwpfyg;wnf;om tajccsaqmif&Guf&oljzpfonf/ tjcm; trIawmfaqmifqkaus;Zl;rsm;rSm

a'oE&toif;awmftwGif;

vkyfaqmifaomf

vnf;

wpfcgwpf&H

tjcm;,HMk unfolrsm;udk\,HkMunfjcif;

wnfaqmuf&ef (odkY) tjcm;toif;awmfudk pwifwnfaxmif&efjyifyodkY apvTwfjcif;cH&onfvnf; &Sdonf/

oif;tkyfq&m\teuf zGifhjcif;
@ odk;xdef;
oif;tkyf\rlv*&dpum;vHk; ({zuf 4 ; 11)onf "Poimen"\ t"dyg,f rSmodk;xdef;jzpfonf/ odk;rsm;
odk;tkyfrsm;udk xdef;ausmif;MunfhIol 00vifvifpm; &bdkY auR;arG;olvrf;jyol[l jzpfonf/
"Poimen"

[laompum;vHk;udk

"ropfusrf;wGif

wpfq,fh&SpfBudrftoHk;jyKxm;NyD;

wBudrfwnf;om

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oif;tkyf[laom pum;udk uREfkyfwdkY Budrfzefrsm;pGm toHk;jyKwwfMuonf/ tb,f aMumifhqdkaomf trIawmfaqmif
qkaus;Zl;ig;rsdK;udk

tpOftvdkuftjynfhtpHk

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odkY&mwGif

az:jyonf
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tawGU&rsm;aom

{zuftcef;BuD;av;wGif
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]]odk;xdef;}}udkomtoHk;jyKoifhonf/
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114

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vrf;pOfaoGzDNyD;

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@ oif;tkyfq&m "rq&m (pastor teacher)

vlwcsdKU\pdwfwGif

oif;tkyfESifh"rq&mwdkYonf

twlwljzpfaomaMumifh

wwfaomaMumifh)trIawmfaqmifqkaus;Zl;av;rsdK;om&Sdonf[k

xifrSwfMuonf/

(rcGJjcm;

odkYjzpf&jcif;taMumif;rSm

{zuftcef;BuD;av;wGif? ]]xdkocifonf vltcsdKUwdku

Y dk wrefawmft&m4if;? tcsdKUwdkYudk ya&mzuft&m4if;?
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teacher"

[l

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wGif

vlonfoif;tkyfq&m(pastor)uJhodkY

ESvHk;om;&SdMuaomfvnf;

olwdkYonf

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pGmoifMum;ay;Edkifaom

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115

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apmifha&SmufchJonf/

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local church) twGif;&Sd trIaqmifqkaus;Zl;ig;Xme

(ministry gifts)

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c&pf,meftoufwmESifh

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tapcHvkyfaqmifrI

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oif;tkyfq&mrsm;onf BuD;Muyfolrsm;jzpfonf
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116

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tqifhrsm;r[kwfyg/

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117

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a,&rd 50 ; 6

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118

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119

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120

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121

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122

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124

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125

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126

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127

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128

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129

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130

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131

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1aum 12 ; 28 - 29
wwd,t&m

bk&m;ocifonf yXrt&m wrefawmf wdkYudk 4if;? 'kwd ,t&m ya&mzufwdkYudk4if;?

q&mwdkYudk4if;?

xkYdaemufwefcdk;jyaom

Nidrf;apEdkifaomtcGifh&SdaomolwkdYudk4if;?
trsdK;rsdK;aombmompum;udk

olwdkYudk4if;?

oif;axmufwdkYudk4if;?

ajymEdkifaomolwdkYudk4if;?

xdkaemuftema&m*gudk
pD&iftkyf pdk;aomolwdkYudk4if; ?

toif;awmfcefYxm;awmf rl\/

oif;0ifol&SdorQwdkYonf

wrefawmfjzpfMuoavm/ &Sd orQwdkYonf ya&mzuf jzpf Muoavm/ &SdorQwdkYonf q&mjzpf Muoavm/ &SdorQwdkYonf
wefcdk;udkjyEdkifMuoavm/

ed'gef;
r[mappm;rIBuD;
ocifbk&m;u r[mappm;rIBuD;udk ay;awmfrlaomtcg ol\wynfhawmfrsm;udk {0Ha*vdw&m;a[mMum;&efomru
rdefYawmfrlonfr[kwfyg? vlrsdK;wumwdkYudk wynfh awmfjzpfap&efvnf;rdefYawmfrlcJhonf/ taMumif;t&monf?
xdkolwdkYudk oifMum; ay;&ef rdefYawmfrlcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/
rJ 28 ; 19-20 oifwdkYoGm; vlrsdK;wum;wdkYudk ighwynfhjzpfapvsuf? crnf;awmf? om;awmf ?
oefY&Sif;aom0d nmOfawmf\emr

AwdZHudk ay;Muavmh/

igonfoifwdkYtm;

ay;orQaomynwfawmfwdkYudk

apmifha&Smufapjcif;iS g qHk;r Mo0g'ay;Muavmh/ igonfvnf; uyfur muk efonfhwdkifatmif oifwdkYES ifhtwl

tpOfrjywf&Sdonf[k wynfhawmfwdkYtm; rd efYawmfrl \/

&Sif;vif;zGifhqdkcsuf
"rq&mqdkonfrSm

tjcm;olrsm;avhvmcH,lEdkif&ef

GefMum;ajymqdkay;oljzpfonf/
az:xkwfzGifhjyjcif;ESifh

ol\oifMum;jcif;wGif

t"dyg,f&Sif;vif;az:jyjcif;

jzifh

taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
ormusrf;pm\
tjcm;olrsm;udk

oifMum;ay;

uG,f0Sufxm;aom
ormusrf;pm\

jcif;ESifh
eufeJ&mrsm;udk

trSefw&m;cH,lcsuf

Mo0g'udkGefMum;jyojcif; wdkYyg0ifonf/
"ropfusrf; oifMum;jcif;trIawmfonf ta&;BuD;aom tcef;u@wGifae&m ,lxm;onf/ usrf;pmyg&Sdaom
trIawmfaqmifqkaus;Zl; pm&if;oHk;ckpvHk;wGif emrnf ESifhwuG az:jyyg&Sdonfhwpfckwnf;aom qkaus;Zl;rSm "rq&m
(usrf;pmoif q&m) jzpfygonf/
132

&nf&G,fcsuf
nDGwfjcif;? BuD;xGm;jcif;? &ifhusufjcif;ESifh trIawmfjrwfxJ qufuyfyg0ifvmap&ef ,HkMunfolrsm;udk yHhydk;ulnD&m
oifMum;jcif;onf t"duvdktyfonfh tajccHtrIawmf jzpfonf/ tcsdKUwdkYudk oif;tkyft&m? q&mt&m4if;?
q&mt&m = "rq&m = (Teacher = usrf;pmoifq&m)
{zuf 4 ; 11-13 c&pf awmf\ udk,fawmfudk wnfaqmuf? "r q&m\trI udk jyKwwf rnf taMumif ;?
oefY&Sif;olwdkYudk

jyifqifjcif;tvdkYiSg?

xdkocif onf

vl tcsdKUwdkYudk

wrefawmft&m4if;?

tcsdKUwdkYudkya&mzuft&m4if ;? tcsdKUwdkYudk omoemjyKt&m4if;? tcsdKUwdkYudkoif;tk yf t&m? q&mt&m4if;?

cefYxm;awmf rl\/ igwdkY&SdorQonf ,HkMunfjcif;odkY4if;? bk&m;ocif\om;awmfudk oduRrf; jcif;odkY4if;?
wnDwG wfwnf;a&muf c&pf awmf\ jynfhpHkjcif;yrmP t&yf wnf ;[laom BuD;&ifhaomvl\tjzpfodkY
a&mufMuonfh wdkifatmif jzpf ownf;/
,HkMunfolrsm;onf EIwfuywfawmf &ifhusufvmbkdY&ef "rq&m (Teacher) \trI awmfonf r&Sdrjzpf
vHk;0vdktyfonf/
{zuf 4 ; 15 arwmpdwfESifh ormw&m;udk a[majymojzifh ? OD;acgif ;wnf ;[l aom c&pf awmfrS m t&m&mwdkY
BuD;yG m;Murnf taMumif ;wnf ;/

a[NAJa0g[m&
"rq&m

(teacher)

oabmobm0ESifh

trIawmfaqmifjcif;twGuf

"ra[mif;

a[NAJbmomjzifh

pum;vHk;ESpfvHk;&Sdonf/ 4if;wdkYrSm Yarah ESifh Lamad [ljzpfonf/

@ odapjcif;
"Yarah" t"dyg,frSm a&uJhodkY pD;qif;onf (rdk;a&uJhodkY)? Tejf yjcif; (vufndK;ESifh)jzpf onf? t"dyg,fjyef&vQif
TefMum;onf?

az:jyod&Sdaponf?

oGefoifTefMum;onf?

vufwifonf?

csdef&G,fjzpfonf?

jyoonf?

oifMum;jcif;tm;jzifh? rdk;&Gmusovdk &Gmusvmonf/

xGuf 4 ; 12 15 odkYjzpf ,ckoGm;avmh / oif\EIwfig&Sd? oifonf tb,fodkYajym&rnf udk oGefoif rnf [k
rdefYawmf rl\/
oifonf ol ESifhpum;ajym olajymp&mpum;udk ay;&rnf/ oif\EI wf4if;? ol\EI wf4if ; ig&Sd? oifwdkY onf
tb,fodkYjyK&rnfudk oGefoifrnf/

133

xGuf 18 ; 20 olwdkYtm;vnf ; ynwfw&m;awmf rsm;udk oif cs&rnf/ olwdkY oG m;&mvrf;? jyK&aomtrI udkvnf;
jy&rnf/
xGuf

35

34

olESifh'ef trsdK;om;

t[doruf \om;

ta[mvsbonf?

ol w

yg;tm;

twwfoifay;EdkifrnftaMumif;? OmPfudkay;awmfrl NyD/

@ BudK;pm;oGefoifjcif;
"Lamad"

t"dyg,frSm

wpfpHkwpfckjzpfvm&ef

wdkufwGef;tm;ay;jcif;wnf;[laom

BudrfvHk;tm;jzifh

wdkufwGef;onf?

odkYr[kwf

oifMum;jcif;jzpf

onf/

&nfTef;csuf

t"dyg,frSm

udkjyojcif;?
ZGJ

vkHUvjzifh

BudK;pm;oGefoifjcif;? avhvmcH,ljcif;? uRrf;usifpGm jyKjcif;? oifMum;ay;olq&m odkrY[kwf oifMum;jcif;jzpfonf/

w&m; 5 ; 1 wzefarma&Sonf oa&vtrsdK;om;taygif;wdkYudkac:? tdk oa&v trsd K;om;wdkY?
,aeYoifwdkYtm;

iga[majymaom

pD &if xHk;zGJUcsufwdkY

udk

oif wdkYonf

oG efoif

usifhjcif;iSg

owdjyKrnftaMumif; em;axmifMu avmh/

qmvH 119 ; 7 ajzmifhrwfpGm pD&ifawmfrlcsuf rsm;udk tuREfkyf avhusufNyD ;rS *kPfawmfudk ajzmifhaomoabmESifh
csD;rG rf;ygrnf / udk,fawmf \txHk;tzGJU rsm;udk apmifhygrnf/ tuREfkyfudk &Sif ;&Sif;pGefYypfawmfrrlygESifh/
w&m; 11 ; 19

xdk pum;udk oif wdkYonf td rfxdkifvsufaeonfjzpfap? c&D; oGm;onfjzpf ap?

tdyfvsufxvsuf&Sdonfjzpfap a[majym? om;orD;wdkYtm; oG efoif&Murnf/

{Z& 7 ; 10 ]]taMumif;rlum;? {Z&onf xm0&bk&m;\ w&m;awmfudk ppfaq;apmifha&Smufjcif;iSg4if ;?
pD&ifxHk;zGJUawmf rlcsuf wdkYudk oa&vtrsdK; oGefoifjcif;iSg4if; oabmusaomoljzpf\/
qmvH 25 ; 4-5 tdkxm0&bk&m;? udk,fawmf \ vrf;wdkYudk tuREfkyftm;jyTef ? c&D;awmfwdkYudk
oGefoifawmfrl yg/

udk,fawmf\

ormw&m;udkjy?

tuRefkyf

udk oGefoifawmfrl yg/

taMumif;rlum;?

udk,fawmf onf tuREfkyfudk u,fwif aom bk&m;ocifjzpfawmfrl \/ udk,fawmf udk tpOfajrmfvifhvsuf aeyg\/
a[NAJa0g[m&rS q&mwpfOD;qdkonfrSm rdrd\vufndK;jzifh vrf;Tefjyool? TefMum;a&;rSL;? owif;az:jyodapol?
qHk;roGefoifay;ol ocifbk&m;\ vrf;c&D;udk jyool[l odjrifEdkifayonf/
"rq&monf oGefoifjcif; uRrf;usifonftcg? oifMum;csufrsm;onf rdk;oD;rdk;ayguf rsm;oGef;usvmouJhodkY
pD;qif;vmvdrfhrnf/

taMumif;w&m;onf

wpHkwckudkvkyfap&ef

wdkufowGef;jcif;

ausmif;om;rsm;

odkYr[kwf

avhvmcH,lEdkif&efjzpfNyD;?

taMumif;w&m;onf

vlwdkYtm;

oifMum;jcif;onf
bk&m;ocif\vrf;

avQmufvSrf;&ef ESifwHuJhodkYjzpfonf/

134

*&da0g[m&
"ropfusrf;wGif"rq&m(teacher)ESifh

pyfqdkif

pum;vHk;ajcmufcktoHk;jyKxm;onf?

odkY&mwGif

xdkpum;wckpDwdkif;onf rlvtjrpfpum;wvHk;wnf;rSqif;oufvmonf/

@ TefMum;oifjy&ef
"Didasko" t"dyg,frSm oif,l&ef odkYr[kwf oifMum;&efjzpfonf/ oifMum;jcif; (teach) [k jyefqdkcJhonf/

@ okwrsufpdzGifhay;aom
"Didaktikos"

t"dyg,frSm

ynm&apaom?

rsufpdzGiafh y;aomoljzpfonf/

oifMum;

ay;onf[lom

a,bk,sjyefqdk&efjzpfonf/

@ avhusifhoifMum;ay;onf
"Didaktos" t"dyg,frSm oifMum;jcif;tm;jzifh tjypf\'Pf pD&ifjcif;udk TefjyoGef oifonf/ oif;ay;cJhonf[k
jyefqdkEdkifonf/

@ oifMum;ydkYcscsuf
"Dikaskalia" t"dyg,frSm oifMum;ydkYcsrI? 4if;onf vkyfaqmifrI (odkY) owif;az:jy od&SdaprIjzpfonf/ t,l0g'
(Mo0g')? oif,ljcif;? oifMum;ay;jcif;wdkYjzpfonf/

@ enf;jyq&m
"Dikaskolos" t"dyg,frSm enf;jyq&mESifh 4if;udkjyefqdk&m
q&m0ef

(14) Budrf

tBuD;tuJ (q&mBuD;)

(47) Budrf

q&m

(10) Budrf

usrf;a&;ol^pma&; (67) Budrf

135

@ TefMum;onf? trdefYay;apcdkif;onf
"Didache" t"dyg,frSm TefMum;onf? TefMum;jcif;udkvkyfaqmifonf/ ]]oifMum;ay;NyD;aom t,l0g'
(Mo0g')}} [kqdkEdkifonf/
xdkaMumifhq&mwpfyg;qdkonfrSm

oifMum;ay;jcif;tm;jzifh

TefMum;apcdkif;ol

tjcm;olrsm;avhvmcH,lp&m

taMumif;jzpfapoljzpfonf/ 4if;onft"dyg,faz: xkwfjcif;? &Sif;vif;wifjyjcif;ESifh tjcm;olrsm;udk Mo0g'cH,lcsuf

TefjyoGefoif ay;jcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/
q&mt&m ("rq&m)onf? trIawmfaqmifqkaus;Zl; ig;oG,f\ tpdwftydkif; wckjzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif
a&G;cs,fcefYxm;awmfrljcif;tm;jzifh tjcm;olrsm;udk avhusifhoifMum;ay;onfhq&mjzpfonf/

q&mawmfa,I
a,Ic&pfonf

uREfkyfwdkY\

ac:zdwfjcif;cH&aomolwdkif;

ta&;ygqHk;tcsKyftjcm?

0rf;ajrmufbG,f

pHjyq&mjzpfawmfrlonf/

oDwif;udkavhvm

jcif;tm;jzifh

q&mjzpf&ef

q&mwpfOD;uJhodkYaom

udk,fawmf\toufwmrsdK;xJodkY ta&mufoGm; oifhonf/

odrSwfjcif;tm;jzifh
@ wynfhawmfrsm;
wynfhawmfrsm;onf a,Ic&pfudk q&mwyg;tjzpf od&SdcJhMuonf/
rmuk 4 ; 38
udk,fawmf udkEdI;NyD;rS?

udk,fawmfonfyJh acgif;tHk;ay:rSm usdef;puf aeawmfrl \/ wynfhawmfwdkYonf

t&Sifbk&m;?

tuREfkyfwdkYonf

ysuf pD;jcif;odkYa&muf onfudk

vspfvsLaompd wf&Sdawmf rloavm[k avQmuf Muaomf ?

a,m 13 ; 13 oif wdkYonfighudk t&S ifbk&m;[l4if;? ocif[l4if; ac:wwfMu\/ xdkpum;vnf ;
[kwfrSefaompum;jzpf \/ taMumif;rlum; oifwdkYac:Muonftwdkif; igrS ef\/

@ zg&d&SJrsm;
ynwfw&m;\ zg&d&SJrsm;ESifh usrf;jyKq&mrsm;onf? q&mwpfyg;uJhodkY jzpfawmfrlaom a,Ic&pfudkodcJhMuonf/
xdkodkYodaomfvnf; udk,fawmf\ oifMum;jcif; qkaus;Zl;udk EkdifiHa&;ESifh bmoma&;Mum; oufa&mufaom
tjiif;yGm;rItjzpf toHk;jyKNyD; axmifacsmufqif zrf;qD;&efBudK;pm;Muonf/

136

rJ 22 ; 16-17 ]]rd rdwynfhwdkYESifh a[k'fwynfhwdkYudk txH awmf odkY apvTwf t&Sifbk &m;?
udk,fawmf onf opm&Sdyg\/ tb,fol udkrQ raMumuf vl rsufESmudkraxmufbJ bk&m;ocif\w&m;vrf ;udk
[kwfrSefpGm jyawmfrlonfudk tuREfkyfwdkYodMuyg\/ odkYjzpf udk,fa wmfonf tb,f odkY xifawmfrloenf;/
uJombk &iftm;

tcGefudkquftyfoavm?

rqyftyf

oavm

tuREfkyfwdkYtm;

rdefYawmfrlyg[k

ar;avQmufMu\/

@ vli,ft&m&Sdola|;uav;
vli,ft&m&Sdola|;uav;u a,Ic&pfudk aumif;jrwfaom q&m[kac:cJhonf/
rmuk 10 ; 17 ]]vrf;rS m<uawmfrlpOf wGif vlwa,mufonf txH awmfodkY
aumif;jrwfaomq&m?

xm0&toufudk

tarGcH&tHh

aomiSg

ajy;'l;axmufvsuf?

tuREfkyfonf

tb,f trIudk

jyK&ygrnfenf;[k ar;avQmuf aomf?

@ edaum'if
edaum'ifudk,fwdkifonf q&mwpfyg;jzpfNyD; a,Ic&pfxHodkY q&mwpfyg;uJhodkY oGm;a&mufawGUqHkcJhonf/
a,m

nOfhtcga,IxHawmf odkYvm?

edrdwfvu PmwdkYudk

bk&m;ocif\

t&Sifbk&m;?

tcGifhr&Sd vQif

udk,fawmfonf

tb,f

ol

jyawmfrlaom
rQrjyEdkif onfudk

tuREfkyfwdkYonfaxmuf? udk,fawmf onf bk&m;ocifh txHawmfrS <uvmawmfrlaom q&mjzpfaMumif;udk

odMuyg\[kavQmuf aomf?

a,Ic&pf<uawmfrl&mt&yfwdkif;
a,Ic&pfonf <uawmfrl&mt&yfwdkif; q&mwpfyg;tjzpf <uawmfrljcif;jzpf onf/ udk,fawmf\tcsdefrsm;pGmudk
ajrmufrsm;pGmaom vlxktaygif;wdkYtm; oifMum;jcif;jzifh toHk;jyKawmfrlcJhonf/
rJ

35

a,Ionf

,SOfaom{0H a*vdw&m;udka[mvsuf?
NrdKU&Gm&SdorQwdkYudk

w&m;p&yfwdkY

vlrsm;cH&aom

a'opm&DvSnfhvnfawmf rl\/

qHk;rMo0g'ay;vsuf ?

tema&m*gtrsd K;

EdkifiHawmf

rsdK;wdkYudk

vltpkta0;wdkYudk

ES ifh

Nid rf;apvsuf?
jrif awmfrlvQif

oem;jcif;pd wf&Sdawmfrl \/
rJ 11 ; 1 xdkodkYwusdyf ES pfyg;aom wynfhawmfwdkYudk tukeftpifrSm xm;awmfrlNyD;vQif ? Nrd KU&Gmrsm;wdkY?
qHk;rMo0g'ay;jcif;iS g4if ;? owif;Mum; ajymjcif;iS g4if ;? xdkt&yfrS <uawmf rl\/
rJ 13 ; 54 ]]xdkaemuf rS rdrdNrdKUodkYa&mufawmfrl w&m;p&yf qHk;r Mo0g'ay;av\/ NrdKUom;wdkYonf
rdef;armawGa0jcif;&SdMuojzifh? olonf ynmudk4if;? wefcdk;udk4if; tb,frS &oenf;/
137

rJ 21 ; 23

Adrmefawmf odkY0ifjyef ? qHk;rMo0g'ay;awmfrlpOfwGif? ,Zfyka&m[dwftBuD;wdkYESifh

vlwdkYwGif tBuD;tuJ jzpf aom ol wdkYonf txH awmf odkY csOf;uyf? udk,fawmfonf trIrsm;udk
tb,ftcGifhES ifhjyKo enf;/ xdktcGifhudk tb,folay;oenf;[k ar;avQmufMuaomf?
rmuk 10 ; 1 xdkt&yfrS udk ,fawmf onf x a,mf 'efjrpfwbufudk a&Smuf oGm;ojzifh ,k'jynfpG ef;odkY
a&mufawmfrl\/

vlrsm;wdkYonf

txH

awmf pk a0;jyef?

xHk;pH &Sdawmfrl onftwdkif;

wzefqHk;rMo0g'ay;awmfrl\/
a,Ic&pfonf w&m;Z&yfrsm;? Adrmefawmf? vrf;rsm;ay:rSm ESifh awmifay:ae&m pojzifh ae&ma'ora&G;
oGm;a&mufoifMum;ay;awmfrlcJhonf/
rmuk 14 ; 49 igonfAd rmef awmf aeY wdkif;qHk;rMo0g'ay;vsuf? oifwdkY tv,f&SdaepOftcg oifwdkYonf
ighudkrbrf;rqD;Mu/
vkum 21 ; 37 xdkodkYudk ,fawmf onf aeY&uf tpOf twdkif; Adrmefawmf qHk;rMo0g'ay;awmfrl \/
ntcsdefa&muf vQif oHvGiftrnf&Sdaom awmif odkYoGm;nOfhudkvGefapawmf rl\/

a,Ic&pf\uGJjym;jcm;em;pGmoifMum;awmfrlcJhjcif;
tcGifhtmPmESifh
a,I\

aeY&uf

q&maygif;rsm;pGm&SdcJhMuygonf/

vltrsm;owdxm;tmHkpdkufvmap&ef
qGJaqmifzrf;,lEdkifcJhonf

odkYaomf

wpfpHkwpfckaom

taMumif;&if;rSm

udk,fawmf\

taMumif;&if;&Sdae

,cifolwdkYMum;

bl;cJhol

oifMum;
onf/

rnfolESifhrQrwlaom

jcif;rSm
vlxkBuD;udk

udk,fawmf\

tay:odkYqif;oufaom wefcdk;ESifh bdoduftm;jzifh oifMum;awmfrljcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/

udk,fawmfonf

xdkodkYaomtcGifhtmPmESifh

qHk;roGefoifawmfrljcif;aMumifh

olwdkYtm;vHk;

tHhMordef;armawGa0cJhMu&onf/
rJ

28-29

xd ka'oemawmfudk

qHk;rMo0g'ay;awmfrl jcif ;udk

a,Ia[mawmfrlonftqHk ;

tvGeftHhMoMu\/

taMumif ;rlum;?

y&d wfowf taygif;wdkYonf

usrf;jyKq&menf;wlr[kwf?

tpdk;&aomolenf;wl qHk;r Mo0g'ay;awmfrl \/

a,Ic&pfonf

ol\toif;awmf

q&mrsm;twGuf

wlnDaom

bdoufjcif;

ESifh

tcGifhtmPmay;tyfxm;awmfrlvsuf&Sdonf/
a,Ic&pf\oifMum;jcif; atmifjrifrIonf oifMum;onfh enf;y&d,m,fawmf aMumifhr[kwf/ udk,fawmf\
udk,f[eftaetxm;ESifh

t0wftpm;qif,ifrI

aMumifhvnf;r[kwfyg/

udk,fawmf\tcGifhtmPmwefcdk;awmfaMumifh omjzpfonf/
138

bk&m;ocif\xHawmfrS oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\
bdodufjcif;udkcH,lawmfrljcif;
a,Ic&pfudk

atmifjrifaom

crnf;awmfxHrS

q&mwyg;jzpfaponftaMumif;&if;rSm

vufcH&,lawmfrljcif;ESifh

oefY&Sif;aom

udk,fawmf

0dnmOfawmf\

oGefoifawmfrlorQonf

bdodufESifh

wefcdk;awmf

oGefoifawmfrljcif;aMumifhomjzpfonf/
a,m

28

xdkaMumifh a,Iu?

igonfrnfaomoljzpfonf udk4if;?

oifwdkYonfvl om;udk

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141

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142

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143

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144

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151