Elliptical Construction

A. Elliptical Construction for Positive Sentence (so, too) 1. Simple Present Tense
Example: 1. He lives in the United States. She lives in the United States. => He lives in the United States and so does she. => He lives in the United states and she does too. 2. She wears glasses. We wear glasses. => She wears glasses and so do we. => She wears glasses and we do too. 3. I have two rothers. !a"# has two rothers. => I have two rothers and so does !a"#. => I have two rothers and !a"# does too. $. %edro wor#s o&t in a g'm. (he' wor# o&t in a g'm. => %edro wor#s o&t in a g'm and so do the'. => %edro wor#s o&t in a g'm and the' do too.

2. Present Progressive Tense

Example: 1. I am tr'ing to "on"entrate. She is tr'ing to "on"entrate. => I am tr'ing to "on"entrate and so is she. => I am tr'ing to "on"entrate and she is too. 2. )o#o is writing a oo# now. (he people are writing oo#s now. => )o#o is writing a oo# now and so are the people. => )o#o is writing a oo# now and the people are too. 3. We are waiting *or a train. (he "hildren are waiting *or a train. => We are waiting *or a train and so are the "hildren. => We are waiting *or a train and the "hildren are too. $. (he woman is tal#ing a o&t the gossip. (he man is tal#ing a o&t the gossip. => (he woman is tal#ing a o&t the gossip and so is the man. => (he woman is tal#ing a o&t the gossip and the man is too.

3. Simple Past Tense

Example: 1. I st&died last night. )o& st&died last night. => I st&died last night and so did 'o&. => I st&died last night and 'o& did too. 2. +other o&ght some *r&its. ,ather o&ght some *r&its. => +other o&ght some *r&its and so did *ather. => +other o&ght some *r&its and *ather did too. 3. (he st&dents "ame on time. (he tea"hers "ame on time. => (he st&dents "ame on time and so did the tea"hers. => the st&dents "ame on time and the tea"hers did too. $. She "hose me as a leader. He "hose me as a leader. => She "hose me as a leader and so did he. => She "hose me as a leader and he did too.

4. Past Progressive
Example: 1. Stanle' was "lim ing stairs when he *ell. S&san was "lim ing stairs when he *ell. => Stanle' was "lim ing stairs when he *ell and so was S&san. => Stanle' was "lim ing stairs when he *ell and S&san was too. 2. +' sisters were arg&ing when I arrived. +' parents were arg&ing when I arrived. => +' sisters were arg&ing when I arrived and so were m' parents. => +' sisters were arg&ing when I arrived and m' parents were too.

. Present Perfect
Example: 1. I have seen that movie *or three times. She has seen that movie *or three times. => I have seen that movie *or three times and so has she. => I have seen that movie *or three times and she has too. 2. He has een here sin"e seven o-"lo"#. We have een here sin"e seven o-"lo"#. => He has een here sin"e seven o-"lo"# and so have we. => He has een here sin"e seven o-"lo"# and we have too. 3. (he' have #nown me *or man' 'ears. She has #nown me *or man' 'ears. => (he' have #nown me *or man' 'ears and so has she. => (he' have #nown me *or man' 'ears and she has too. $. %ro*essor William has given &s *ive tests. %ro*essor .llen has given &s *ive tests. => %ro*essor William has given &s *ive tests and so has %ro*essor .llen. => %ro*essor William has given &s *ive tests and %ro*essor .llen has too.

!. Present Perfect Progressive

Example: 1. I have een sitting here sin"e / o-"lo"#. He has een sitting here sin"e / o-"lo"#. => I have een sitting here sin"e / o-"lo"# and so has he. => I have een sitting here sin"e / o-"lo"# and he has too. 2. He has een thin#ing a o&t 'o&. (he' have een thin#ing a o&t 'o&. => He has een thin#ing a o&t 'o& and so have the'. => He has een thin#ing a o&t 'o& and the' have too.

". Past Perfect

Example: 1. We had heard a o&t it. (he' had heard a o&t it. => We had heard a o&t it and so had the'. => We had heard a o&t it and the' had too. 2. +' parents had eaten ' the time I got home. +' sisters had eaten ' the time I got home. => +' parents had eaten ' the time I got home and so had m' sisters. => +' parents had eaten ' the time I got home and m' sisters had too.

#. Simple $uture Tense

Example: 1. He will *inish his wor# tomorrow. I will *inish m' wor# tomorrow. => He will *inish his wor# tomorrow and so will I.

=> He will *inish his wor# tomorrow and I will too. 2. +r. Swan will e here next term. +iss. Sharon will e here next term. => +r. Swan will e here next term and so will +s. Sharon. => +r. Swan will e here next term and +s. Sharon will too.

%. &o'al Au(iliaries Present forms) *ill, can, ma+, must Past form) *oul', coul', mig,t, ,a' to
Example: 1. Some o* m' *riends will visit me tomorrow. +' parents will visit me tomorrow. => Some o* m' *riends will visit me tomorrow and so will m' parents. => Some o* m' *riends will visit me tomorrow and m' parents will too. 2. +' sister "an draw well. +' rother "an draw well. => +' sister "an draw well and so "an m' rother. => +' sister "an draw well and m' rother "an too. 3. Some o* m' *riends wo&ld visit me 'esterda'. +' parents wo&ld visit me 'esterda'. => Some o* m' *riend wo&ld visit me 'esterda' and so wo&ld m' parents. => Some o* m' *riend wo&ld visit me 'esterda' and m' parents wo&ld too. $. +' sister "o&ld draw well. +' rother "o&ld draw well. => +' sister "o&ld draw well and so "o&ld m' rother. => +' sister "o&ld draw well and m' rother "o&ld too.

-. Elliptical Construction for .egative Sentence (neit,er, eit,er) 1. Simple Present Tense
Example: 1. He doesn-t live in the United States. She doesn-t live in the United States. => He doesn-t live in the United States and neither does she. => He doesn-t live in the United States and she doesn-t either. 2. She doesn-t wear glasses. We don-t wear glasses. => She doesn-t wear glasses and neither do we. => She doesn-t wear glasses and we don-t either. 3. I don-t have two rothers. !a"# doesn-t have two rothers. => I don-t have two rothers and neither does !a"#. => I don-t have two rothers and !a"# does either. $. %edro doesn-t wor# o&t in a g'm. (he' don-t wor# o&t in a g'm. => %edro doesn-t wor# o&t in a g'm and neither do the'. => %edro doesn-t wor# o&t in a g'm and the' don-t either.

2. Present Progressive Tense

Example: 1. I am not tr'ing to "on"entrate. She is not tr'ing to "on"entrate. => I am not tr'ing to "on"entrate and neither is she. => I am not tr'ing to "on"entrate and she isn-t either.

2. )o#o is not writing a oo# now. (he people are not writing oo#s now. => )o#o is not writing a oo# now and neither are the people. => )o#o is not writing a oo# now and the people aren-t either. 3. We are not waiting *or a train. (he "hildren are not waiting *or a train. => We are not waiting *or a train and neither are the "hildren. => We are not waiting *or a train and the "hildren aren-t either. $. (he woman is not tal#ing a o&t the gossip. (he man is not tal#ing a o&t the gossip. => (he woman is not tal#ing a o&t the gossip and neither is the man. => (he woman is not tal#ing a o&t the gossip and the man isn-t either.

3. Simple Past Tense

Example: 1. I didn-t st&d' last night. )o& didn-t st&d' last night. => I didn-t st&d' last night and neither did 'o&. => I didn-t st&d' last night and 'o& didn-t either. 2. +other didn-t &' some *r&its. ,ather didn-t &' some *r&its. => +other didn-t &' some *r&its and neither did *ather. => +other didn-t &' some *r&its and *ather didn-t either. 3. (he st&dents didn-t "ome on time. (he tea"hers didn-t "ome on time. => (he st&dents didn-t "ome on time and neither did the tea"hers. => (he st&dents didn-t "ome on time and the tea"hers didn-t either. $. She didn-t "hoose me as a leader. He didn-t "hoose me as a leader. => She didn-t "hoose me as a leader and neither did he. => She didn-t "hoose me as a leader and he didn-t either.

4. Past Progressive
Example: 1. Stanle' was not "lim ing stairs when he *ell. S&san was not "lim ing stairs when he *ell. => Stanle' was not "lim ing stairs when he *ell and neither was S&san. => Stanle' was not "lim ing stairs when he *ell and S&san wasn-t either. 2. +' sisters were not arg&ing when I arrived. +' parents were not arg&ing when I arrived. => +' sisters were not arg&ing when I arrived and neither were m' parents. => +' sisters were not arg&ing when I arrived and m' parents weren-t either.

. Present Perfect
Example: 1. I have not seen that movie *or three times. She has not seen that movie *or three times. => I have not seen that movie *or three times and neither has she. => I have not seen that movie *or three times and she hasn-t either. 2. He has not een here sin"e seven o-"lo"#. We have not een here sin"e seven o-"lo"#. => He has not een here sin"e seven o-"lo"# and neither have we. => He has not een here sin"e seven o-"lo"# and we haven-t either. 3. (he' have not #nown me *or man' 'ears. She has not #nown me *or man' 'ears. => (he' have not #nown me *or man' 'ears and neither has she. => (he' have not #nown me *or man' 'ears and she hasn-t either. $. %ro*essor William has not given &s *ive tests. %ro*essor .llen has not given &s *ive tests. => %ro*essor William has not given &s *ive tests and neither has %ro*essor .llen.

=> %ro*essor William has not given &s *ive tests and %ro*essor .llen hasn-t either.

!. Present Perfect Progressive

Example: 1. I have not een sitting here sin"e / o-"lo"#. He has not een sitting here sin"e / o-"lo"#. => I have not een sitting here sin"e / o-"lo"# and neither has he. => I have not een sitting here sin"e / o-"lo"# and he hasn-t either. 2. He has not een thin#ing a o&t 'o&. (he' have not een thin#ing a o&t 'o&. => He has not een thin#ing a o&t 'o& and neither have the'. => He has not een thin#ing a o&t 'o& and the' haven-t either.

". Past Perfect

Example: 1. We had not heard a o&t it. (he' had not heard a o&t it. => We had not heard a o&t it and neither had the'. => We had not heard a o&t it and the' hadn-t either. 2. +' parents had not eaten ' the time I got home. +' sisters had not eaten ' the time I got home. => +' parents had not eaten ' the time I got home and neither had m' sisters. => +' parents had not eaten ' the time I got home and m' sisters hadn-t either.

#. Simple $uture Tense

Example: 1. He will not *inish his wor# tomorrow. I will not *inish m' wor# tomorrow. => He will not *inish his wor# tomorrow and so will I. => He will not *inish his wor# tomorrow and I won-t either. 2. +r. Swan will not e here next term. +iss. Sharon will not e here next term. => +r. Swan will not e here next term and neither will +s. Sharon. => +r. Swan will not e here next term and +s. Sharon won-t either.

%. &o'al Au(iliaries Present forms) *ill, can, ma+, must Past form) *oul', coul', mig,t, ,a' to
Example: 1. Some o* m' *riends will not visit me tomorrow. +' parents will not visit me tomorrow. => Some o* m' *riends will not visit me tomorrow and neither will m' parents. => Some o* m' *riends will not visit me tomorrow and m' parents won-t either. 2. +' sister "an not draw well. +' rother "an not draw well. => +' sister "an draw well and neither "an m' rother. => +' sister "an draw well and m' rother "an-t either. 3. Some o* m' *riends wo&ld not visit me 'esterda'. +' parents wo&ld not visit me 'esterda'. => Some o* m' *riend wo&ld not visit me 'esterda' and neither wo&ld m' parents. => Some o* m' *riend wo&ld not visit me 'esterda' and m' parents wo&ldn-t either. $. +' sister "o&ld not draw well. +' rother "o&ld not draw well. => +' sister "o&ld draw well and neither "o&ld m' rother.

=> +' sister "o&ld draw well and m' rother "o&ldn-t either.

Exer"ise: 0hange these two senten"es into ellipti"al "onstr&"tions1 1. 2ate didn-t have m&"h mone' last wee#. Sarah didn-t have m&"h mone' last wee#.

2. (he' were ver' h&ngr' a *ew min&tes ago. We were ver' h&ngr' a *ew min&tes ago.

3. (he' saw the a""ident two da's ago. I saw the a""ident two da's ago.

$. She *eels happ'. I *eel happ'.

/. 3isa has never visited a "amel *arm. !ohn has never visited a "amel *arm.

4. I haven-t done m' homewor#. )o& haven-t done m' homewor#.

5. I will send a letter to m' grandmother. +' rother will send a letter to m' grandmother.

6. He wants to visit 7ali. She wants to visit 7ali.

8. I alwa's help m' mother ever'da'. +' sister alwa's helps m' mother ever'da'.

19. His little rother is still riding a i#e. He is still riding a i#e.

11. She doesn-t li#e #eeping a pet. I don-t li#e #eeping a pet.

12. (he telephone hasn-t een ringing in the last ho&r. (he ell hasn-t een ringing in the last ho&r.

13. We won-t go an'where next holida'. (he' won-t go an'where next holida'.

1$. !imm' "an sing well. !enn' "an sing well.

1/. I m&st st&d' hard to *a"e their exams. (he st&dents m&st st&d' hard to *a"e their exams.

14. :i#a disli#es horror stor'. ;a*in disli#es horror stor'.

15. (he exer"ises are ver' di**i"&lt. (he exams are ver' di**i"&lt.