r3 08 08

Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : lment de poutre multifibre (droite) Date : 24/09/2013 Page : 1/23
e!pon!able : "tp#ane $%&'() *l : 3+0,+0, -i!ion : 114.9
Multifibre beam element (straight line)
Rsum :
This document presents the beam elements multifibre of *ode/0!ter based on a resolution of a problem of
beam for which each section of a beam is divided into several fibers. Each fiber behaves then like a beam of
Euler. Several materials can be affected on only one support finite element (SEG2) what avoids havin to
duplicate the meshes (steel ! concrete" for e#ample).
The beams are riht (element POU_D_EM). The section can be of an unspecified form" described by a $fiber
mesh%" to see &'(.2).*+.
The assumptions selected are the followin ones:
assumption of Euler: the transverse shears are nelected (this assumption is checked for stron
slenderness)"
the beam elements multifibre take into account the effects of thermal dilation" dryin and the hydration
(terms of the second member) and in a simplified way torsion. The force,normal couplin bendin is
treated naturally" by interation in the section of the unia#ial responses of the models of behavior
associated with each roup with fibers. -n enrichment of the a#ial strain" solved by local condensation
in the case of nonlinear behaviors" allows numerical ood performances" whatever the evolution in the
thickness of centroid of the section.
1arning : T#e tran!lation pro2e!! u!ed on t#i! 3eb!ite i! a 4$a2#ine Tran!lation4+ (t ma5 be impre2i!e and ina22urate in 3#ole or in part
and i! pro-ided a! a 2on-enien2e+
'i2en!ed under t#e term! of t#e 6)& 7D' (#ttp://333+gnu+org/2op5left/fdl+#tml)
Code_Aster
Version
default
Contents
+ .ntroduction( ..........................................................................................................................................
2 Element of theory of the beams (recalls) ............................................................................................ /
0 1es e2uations of the motion of the poutres) ..........................................................................................
( 3eam element straiht line multifibre) ...................................................................................................
(.+ Element beam of r4f4rence) ...........................................................................................................
(.2 54termination of the stiffness matri# of the element multifibre6 ......................................................
(.2.+ eneral 7as (beam of Euler) ............................................................................................... 6
(.2.2 7as of the beam multifibre8 ...................................................................................................
(.2.0 5iscreti9ation of the fiber section , 7omputation of ...............................................................
+2.(.2.( .nt4ration in the linear elastic case (:.G.;<E7-) ...................................................... +2
(.2./ .nt4ration in the nonlinear case (:.G.;<E7-;T-=G) .................................................... +(
(.0 54termination of the mass matri# of the element multifibre+/ ........................................................
(.0.+ 54termination of ...................................................................................................................
+/.(.0.2 5iscreti9ation of the fiber section , 7omputation of ................................................ +>.(.(
7omputation of the forces internes+> ...................................................................................................
(./ ?ormulation enriched in d4formation+8 ...........................................................................................
(./.+ <4thode by the incompatibles+8 modes ................................................................................
(./.2 Establishment num4ri2ue2* ..................................................................................................
(./.0 Settin in arde22 ..................................................................................................................
(.) nonlinear <odels of behavior utilisables22 .....................................................................................
/ 7as of application22 ..............................................................................................................................
) 3iblioraphie20 ......................................................................................................................................
> 5escription of the versions of the document20 ......................................................................................
Code_Aster
Version
default
Notations
@ne ives the correspondence between the notations of this document and those of the documentation
of use.
DX , DY , DZ and DRX , DRY , DRZ are in fact the names of the derees of freedom associated
with the components with displacement u , v , w,
x
,
y
,
z
.
E
AounBs modulus
E
+
CoissonBs ratio
NU
G
modulates of 7oulomb D
E
2( 1+)

G
I
y
, I
z

eometrical moments of constant bendin compared to
y , z
IY , IZ
J
x

the a#es of torsion
JX
K
stiffness matri#
M
mass matri#
M
x
, M
y
, M
z

moments around the a#es x , y , z MT , MFY , MFZ
N
normal force with the section
N
S
area of the section
A
u , v , w translations on the a#es x , y , z DX DY DZ
V
y
, V
z

shearin forces alon the a#es y , z VY ,VZ
j
density
RHO
x
,
y
,
z

rotations around the a#es x , y , z DRX DRY DRZ
q
x
, q
y
, q
z

e#ternal linear forces
Code_Aster
Version
default
1 Introduction
the structural analysis subEected to a dynamic loadin re2uires models of behavior able to represent
non,linearities of the material.
<any analytical models were proposed. They can be classified accordin to two roups:
detailed models founded on the mechanics of solid and their description of the local behavior of the
material (microscopic approach) and
the models based on a total modeli9ation of the behavior (macroscopic approach).
.n the first type of models" we can find the models conventional with the finite elements as well as $the
fiber% models type (havin an element of type beam how support).
Fhile the $conventional% models with the finite elements are powerful tools for the simulation of the
nonlinear behavior of the comple# parts of structures (Eoined" assemblies"G)" their application to the
totality of a structure can prove not very practical because of a prohibitory 7C' time or si9e memory
necessary to the reali9ation of this computation. @n the other hand" a modeli9ation of type multifibre
beam (see &?iure +,aH)" has the advantaes of the simplifyin assumptions of kinematics of type beam
of Euler , 3ernoulli while offerin a practical solution and effective for a comple# nonlinear analysis of
composite structural elements such as those which one can meet for e#ample out of reinforced
concrete.
<oreover" this $intermediate% modeli9ation is relatively robust and ine#pensive in time computation
because of use of nonlinear models of behavior +5.

Figure 1-1 : Descrition of a modeli!ation of t"e multifibre beam
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : lment de poutre multifibre (droite) Date : 24/09/2013 Page : ./23
# $lment of theor" of the beams (recalls)
@ne takes aain here the elements developed in the frame of the beam elements of Euler" &bib(H.
- beam is a solid enerated by a surface of area S whose eometrical centre of inertia G follows a
curve C called the averae fiber or neutral fiber. The area S is the cross,section (cross section) or
profile" and it is supposed that if it is evolutionary" its evolutions (si9e" form) continuous and proressive
when G are described the averae line.
?or the study of the beams in eneral" one makes the followin assumptions:
the cross,section of the beam is indeformable"
transverse displacement is uniform on the cross,section.
These assumptions make it possible to e#press displacements of an unspecified point of the section"
accordin to displacements of the point correspondin located on the averae line" and accordin to an
increase in displacement due to the rotation of the section around the transverse a#es.
The discreti9ation in $e#act% elements of beam is carried out on a linear element with two nodes and si#
derees of freedom by nodes. These derees of freedom are the three translations u , v , w and three
rotations
x
,
y
,
z
&?iure 2,aH).

z

y

x

1
2

u

x

v

y

w

z

u

x

v

y

w

z

Figure #-1 : %lement &ttendu
beam that the strains are local" it is built in each top of the mesh a local base dependin on the
element on which one works. The continuity of the fields of displacements is ensured by a basic
chane" brinin back the data in the total base.
.n the case of the straiht beams" one traditionally places the averae line on a#is I of the local base"
transverse displacements bein thus carried out in the plane ( y , z) .
?inally when we arrane 2uantities related to the derees of freedom of an element in a vector or an
elementary matri# (thus of dimension 12 or
12
2
)" one arranes initially the variables for the top 1
then those of the top 2 . ?or each node" one stores initially the 2uantities related to the three
translations" then those related to three rotations. ?or e#ample" a vector displacement will be structured
in the followin way:
u
1
, v
1
, w
1
,
x
1
,
y
1
,
z
1
_
sommet 1
, u
2
, v
2
, w
2
,
x
2
,
y
2
,
z
2
_
sommet 2

Code_Aster
Version
default
' (he e)uations of the motion of the Nous
beams will not include in this document all the e2uations of the motion of the beams. ?or more
complements concernin this part one can refer to documentation concernin elements POU_D_E and
POU_D_T (&bib(H).
* Multifibre beam element straight line
@ne describes in this chapter obtainin the elementary matri#es of riidity and mass for the multifibre
beam element straiht line" accordin to the model of Euler. The stiffness matri#es are calculated with
the options RIGI_MECA or RIGI_MECA_TANG" and the mass matri#es with option MASS_MECA
for the coherent matri#" and option $MASS_MECA_DIAG for the diaonali9ed mass matri#.
Fe present here a enerali9ation &bib0H where the reference a#is chosen for the beam is independent
of any eometrical consideration" inertial or mechanical. The element functions for an unspecified
section (heteroeneous is without symmetry) and is thus adapted to a nonlinear evolution of the
behavior of fibers.
@ne also describes the computation of the nodal forces for the nonlinear alorithms: FORC_NODA
and RAPH_MECA.
*+1 %lement beam of reference
.t &?iure (.+,aH shows us the chane of variable reali9ed to pass from the real finite element &?iure 2,
aH to the finite element of reference.

Figure *+1-1 : %lement of reference ,s real $lment
@ne will then consider the continuous field of displacements in any point of the averae line compared
to the field of displacements discreti9ed in the followin way:
U
s
=| N U ) *+1-1
the inde# s indicates the 2uantities attached to averae fiber.
Code_Aster
Version
default
3y usin the shape functions of the element of reference" the discreti9ation of the variables
u
s
( x) , v
s
( x) , w
s
( x) ,
sx
( x) ,
sy
( x) ,
sz
( x) becomes:
(
u
s
( x)
v
s
( x)
w
s
( x)
sx
( x)
sy
( x)
sz
( x)
)
=
(
N
1
0 0 0 0 0 N
2
0 0 0 0 0
0 N
3
0 0 0 N
4
0 N
5
0 0 0 N
6
0 0 N
3
0 N
4
0 0 0 N
5
0 N
6
0
0 0 0 N
1
0 0 0 0 0 N
2
0 0
0 0 N
3, x
0 N
4, x
0 0 0 N
5, x
0 N
6, x
0
0 N
3, x
0 0 0 N
4, x
0 N
5, x
0 0 0 N
6, x
)
(
u
1
v
1
w
1
x1
y1
z 1
u
2
v
2
w
2
x2
y 2
z 2
)
) *+1-#
-vec followin interpolation functions" and their useful derivatives:
N
1
=1
x
! N
1, x
=
1
N
2
=
x
! N
2, x
=
1
N
3
=13
x
2
2
+2
x
3
3
! N
3, xx
=
6
2
+12
x
3
N
4
=x2
x
2
+
x
3
2
! N
4, xx
=
4
+6
x
2
N
5
=3
x
2
2
2
x
3
3
! N
5, xx
=
6
2
12
x
3
N
6
=
x
2
+
x
3
2
! N
6, xx
=
2
+6
x
2
) *+1-'
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : lment de poutre multifibre (droite) Date : 24/09/2013 Page : ,/23
*+# Dtermination of the stiffness matri- of the element multifibre
*+#+1 general Cas (beam of %uler)
7onsid4rons a beam Euler" line" directed in the direction x " subEected to distributed forces
q
x
, q
y
, q
z
&?iure (.2.+,aH.

Figure *+#+1-1 : .eam of %uler 'D+
The fields of displacements and strains take the followin form then when one writes the displacement
of an unspecified point of the section accordin to displacement
(
u
s
)
and rotation
(
0
s
)
of the line of
averae:
u( x , y , z )=u
s
( x)y
sz
( x) +z
sy
( x) ) *+#+1-1
v ( x , y , z) =v
s
( x) ) *+#+1-#
w( x , y , z)=w
s
( x) ) *+#+1-'
c
xx
=u
x
"
( x) y
sz
"
( x)+z
sy
"
( x) ) *+#+1-*
e
xy
=e
xz
=0 ) *+#+1-/
Remar)ues:
Tor!ion i! treated o-erall b5 admitting an ela!ti2 a!!umption: e;2ept for: one doe! not
2ompute e
yz
#ere+
# " ( x) indi2ate deri-ati-e from # ( x) report 3it# x +
3y introducin the e2uations &42 (.2.+,(H and &42 (.2.+,/H in the principle of virtual work one obtains:
V
0
c
xx
.6e
xx
$V
%
=
(
&u
s
( x) q
x
+&v
s
( x) q
y
+&w
s
( x) q
z
)
$x ) *+#+1-0
q
x
, q
y
, q
z
indicatin the linear forces applied.
Code_Aster
Version
default
Fhat ives by usin the e2uation &42 (.2.+,+H:
(
N&u
s
"
( x)+M
x
&
sx
"
( x) +M
y
&
sy
"
( x) +M
z
&
sz
"
( x)
)
$x =
(
q
x
&u
s
( x)+q
y
&v
s
( x) +q
z
&w
s
( x)
)
$x
) *+#+1-1
with:
N=
S
c
xx
$S ! M
y
=
S
z c
xx
$S ! M
z
=
S
yc
xx
$S ) *+#+1-2
Remar)ues:
T#e t3i!ting moment
M
x
i! not 2omputed b5 integration but i! not 2omputed dire2tl5
!tarting from t#e !tiffne!! in tor!ion (!ee <= 4+2+2>4?)+
T#e t#eor5 of t#e beam! a!!o2iated 3it# an ela!ti2 material gi-e!:
c
xx
=Ee
xx

*+#+# Case of the multifibre beam
=ous let us suppose now that the section S is not homoeneous &?iure (.2.2,aH.
Fithout adoptin particular assumption on the intersection of the a#is X with the section S or on
the directional sense of the a#es Y Z " the relation between the $enerali9ed% stresses and the
strains $enerali9ed% D
s
becomes &bib2H:
F
s
=K
s
D
s
) *+#+#-1
with:
F
s
=
(
N , M
y
, M
z
, M
x
)
T
D
s
=
(
u
s
"
( x) ,
sy
"
( x) ,
sz
"
( x) ,
sx
"
( x)
)
T
) *+#+#-#

Figure *+#+#-1 : 3nsecified S section - multifibre beam
<aterial +<at4riau
2<at4riau
straiht lines
'&-e4ection
Code_Aster
Version
default
the matri# K
s
can then be put in the followin form:
K
s
=
(
'
s 11
'
s12
'
s13
0
'
s22
'
s23
0
'
s33
0
sy( '
s 44
)
) *+#+#-'
with:
'
s 11
=
S
E$S ! '
s 12
=
S
Ez$s ! '
s13
=
S
Ey$s
'
s 22
=
S
Ez
)
$S ! '
s 23
=
S
Eyz$s ! '
s 33
=
S
Ey
)
$s
) *+#+#-*
where E can vary accordin to y and z . .ndeed" it may be that in the modeli9ation section &?iure
(.2.2,aH planes)" several materials cohabit. ?or e#ample" in a concrete section reinforced" there are at
the same time concrete and reinforcements.
The discreti9ation of the fiber section allows of compute the interals of the e2uations &42 (.2.2,(H. The
computation of the coefficients of the matri#
K
s
is detailed in the pararaph &J(.2.0H accordin to.
Note:
T#e term of tor!ion
x s
GJ ' =
44
i! gi-en b5 t#e u!er u!ing t#e data of J
x
: u!ing
2ommand AFFE_CARA_ELEM +
The introduction of the e2uations &42 (.2.2,+H to &42 (.2.2,(H in the principle of virtual work leads to:
&D
s
T
. '
s
. D
s
$x
(
&u
s
( x) q
x
+&v
s
( x) q
y
+&w
s
( x) q
z
)
$x=0
) *+#+#-/
1es enerali9ed strains are computed by ( D
S
is iven to the e2uation &42 (.2.2,2H):
D
s
=B U ) *+#+#-0
-vec the followin B matri#:

=
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
, 2 , 1
, 6 , 5 , 4 , 3
, 6 , 5 , 4 , 3
, 2 , 1
x x
xx xx xx xx
xx xx xx xx
x x
N N
N N N N
N N N N
N N
B
) *+#+#-1
the discreti9ation of space | 0, with elements and the use of the e2uations &42 (.2.2,/H makes the
e2uation &42 (.2.+,)H e2uivalent to the resolution of a conventional linear system:
K. U=F ) *+#+#-2
Code_Aster
Version
default
the stiffness matri# of the element &?iure (.2.2,bH and the vector of the forces results are finally iven
by:
K
*+*(
=
B
T
. K
s
. B $x
F=
N
T
.Q $x
) *+#+#-5

Figure *+#+#-b: Multifibre beam - Comutation of K
*+*(
-vec the vector Q which depends on the e#ternal loadin: Q=
(
q
x
q
y
q
z
0 0 0
)
T
.
.f we consider that the distributed forces
q
x
, q
y
, q
z
are constant" we obtain the vector nodal forces
accordin to:
F=
(
q
x
2
q
y
2
q
z
2
0
2
q
z
12
2
q
y
12
q
x
2
q
y
2
q
z
2
0
2
q
z
12
2
q
y
12
)
T
) *+#+#-16
Code_Aster
Version
default
*+#+' Discreti!ation of the fiber section - Comutation of
K
s
the discreti9ation of the fiber section allows of compute the various interals which intervene in the
stiffness matri#" and the other terms necessary.
The eometry of fibers athered in roups of fibers" via operator DEFI_GEOM_FIBRE &'(.2).*+H)
contains in particular characteristics (Y, Z, AREA) for each fiber. @ne can envisae with more the +*
roups of ma#imum fibers by element beam.
Thus" if we have a section which comprises , fibers we will have the followin appro#imations of the
interals:

= = =
= = =
= = =
= = =
,
-
- - - s
,
-
- - - - s
,
-
- - - s
,
-
- - - s
,
-
- - - s
,
-
- - s
S y E ' S z y E ' S z E '
S y E ' S z E ' S E '
1
2
33
1
23
1
2
22
1
13
1
12
1
11
; ;
; ;
) *+#+'-1
with
E
-
the initial or tanent modulus and
S
-
the section of each fiber. The stress state is constant by
fiber.
Each fiber is also identified usin
y
-
and
z
-
the coordinates of the center of ravity of fiber
compared to the a#is of the section defined by key word $COOR_AXE_POUTRE (see command
DEFI_GEOM_FIBRE &'(.2).*+H).
The classification of fibers depends on the choice of the key word $FIBER or $SECTION (see
command DEFI_GEOM_FIBRE &'(.2).*+H).
*+#+* Integration in the linear elastic case (RIGI_MECA)
1ors2ue the behavior of the material is linear" if the element beam is homoeneous in its lenth" the
interation of the e2uation &42 (.2.2,8H can be made analytically.
The followin stiffness matri# then is obtained:
Code_Aster
Version
default
K
*+*(
=
(
'
s 11
0 0 0
'
s 12
'
s 13
'
s 11
0 0 0
'
s12
'
s13
12 '
s33
3
12'
s23
3
0
6 '
s23
2
6 '
s 33
2
0
12 '
s33
3
12'
s 23
3
0
6'
s 23
2
6 '
s33
2
12'
s 22
3
0
6'
s 22
2
6 '
s 23
2
0
12 '
s23
3
12'
s 22
3
0
6 '
s 22
2
6 '
s 23
2
'
s 44
0 0 0 0 0
'
s 44
0 0
4 '
s22
4 '
s 23
'
s 12
6 '
s 23
2
6 '
s22
2
0
2'
s 22
2'
s 23
4 '
s 33
'
s 13
6 '
s 33
2
6 '
s 23
2
0
2'
s 23
2'
s 33
'
s 11
0 0 0
'
s 12
'
s13
12 '
s33
3
12'
s 23
3
0
6 '
s 23
2
6 '
s33
2
SYM
12'
s 22
3
0
6'
s 22
2
6K
s 23
2
'
s 44
0 0
4'
s 22
4 '
s 23
4 '
s33
)
) *+#+*-1
with the followin terms '
s 11
, '
s12
, '
s13
, '
s 22
, '
s 33
, '
s 23
, '
s 44
iven to the e2uation &42
(.2.2,(H.
Code_Aster
Version
default
*+#+/ Integration in the nonlinear case (RIGI_MECA_TANG)
1ors2ue the behavior of the material is nonlinear" to allow a correct interation of the internal forces
(see pararaph &J(.(H)" it is necessary to have at least two points of interation alon the beam. Fe
chose to use two Gauss points.
The interal of
K
*+*(
&42 (.2.2,8H is computed under diital form:
K
*+*(
=
B
T
. .
s
. B $x= /
- =1
2
w
-
B
(
x
-
)
T
. K
s
(
x
-
)
. B
(
x
-
)
) *+#+/-1
where
x
-
is the position of the point of Gauss - in an element of reference lenth +" i.e.:
(1 !0,57735026918963)/ 2 K
w
-
is the weiht of the point of Gauss - . @ne takes here
w
-
=0,5
for each of the 2 pointsK / is
the Lacobian. @ne takes here / = " the real element havin a lenth and the shape
function to pass to the element of reference bein
x
.
K
s
is computed usin the e2uations &42 (.2.2,0H" &42 (.2.2,(H (see pararaph &J(.2.0H for the
numerical interation of these e2uations).
The analytical computation of B
(
x
-
)
T
. K
s
(
x
-
)
. B
(
x
-
)
ives:
(
0
1
2
'
s 11
0
1
0
2
'
s13
0
1
0
2
'
s12
0 0
1
0
3
'
s12
0
1
0
3
'
s13
0
1
2
'
s11
0
1
0
2
'
s13
0
1
0
2
'
s12
0 0
1
0
4
'
s 12
0
1
0
4
'
s13
0
2
2
'
s33
0
2
2
'
s23
0 0
2
0
3
'
s23
0
2
0
3
'
s33
0
1
0
2
'
s13
0
2
2
'
s33
0
2
2
'
s23
0 0
2
0
4
'
s23
0
2
0
4
'
s33
0
2
2
'
s22
0 0
2
0
3
'
s22
0
2
0
3
'
s23
0
1
0
2
'
s12
0
2
2
'
s 23
0
2
2
'
s22
0 0
2
0
4
'
s 22
0
2
0
4
'
s 23
0
1
2
'
s 44
0 0 0 0 0 0
1
2
'
s44
0 0
0
3
2
'
s 22
0
3
2
'
s 23
0
1
0
3
'
s12
0
2
0
3
'
s 23
0
2
0
3
'
s 22
0 0
3
0
4
'
s22
0
3
0
4
'
s 23
0
3
2
'
s33
0
1
0
3
'
s13
0
2
0
3
'
s33
0
2
0
3
'
s 23
0 0
3
0
4
'
s23
0
3
0
4
'
s 33
0
1
2
'
s 11
0
1
0
2
'
s13
0
1
0
2
'
s 12
0 0
1
0
4
'
s12
0
1
0
4
'
s 13
0
2
2
'
s33
0
2
2
'
s23
0 0
2
0
4
'
s 23
0
2
0
4
'
s 33
0
2
2
'
s22
0 0
2
0
4
'
s22
0
2
0
4
'
s 23
0
1
2
'
s44
0 0
0
4
2
'
s22
0
4
2
'
s23
0
4
2
'
s33
)
) *+#+/-#
where them
0
-
are computed with the I,coordinate
x
-
of the element of reference with:
0
1
=N
1, x
=N
2, x
=
1
0
2
=N
3, xx
=N
5, xx
=
6
2
+
12 x
-
2
0
3
=N
4, xx
=
4
+
6 x
-
0
4
=N
6, xx
=
2
+
6 x
-
) *+#+/-'
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : lment de poutre multifibre (droite) Date : 24/09/2013 Page : 1./23
*+' Dtermination of the mass matri- of the multifibre element
*+'+1 Dtermination of
M
*+*(
5e mMme" the virtual wor of the forces of inertia becomes &bib2H:
W
inert
=
S
j
(
&u( x , y)
$
2
u( x , y)
$1
)
+&v ( x , y)
$
2
v ( x , y)
$1
)
+&w( x , y)
$
2
w( x , y)
$1
)
)
$S $x
=
& U
s
. M
s
.
$
2
U
s
$1
)
$x
) *+'+1-1
with U
s
the vector of $enerali9ed% displacements.
Fhat ives for the mass matri#:
M
s
=
(
M
s11
0 0 M
s 12
M
s 13
0
M
s11
0 0 0 M
s12
M
s 11
0 0 M
s13
M
s 22
M
s 23
0
M
s 33
0
sy( M
s 22
+M
s 33
)
) *+'+1-#
with:
M
s11
=
S
j$s ! M
s12
=
S
j z$s ! M
s13
=
S
j y$s
M
s22
=
S
j z
2
$s ! M
s 23
=
S
j yz$s ! M
s33
=
S
j y
2
$s
) *+'+1-'
with j which can vary accordin to y and z .
Code_Aster
Version
default
-s for the stiffness matri#" we take into account the enerali9ed strains and the discreti9ation of space
| 0, . Fhat ives finally for the elementary mass matri#:
M
*+*(
=
(
M
*+*(
1
M
*+*(
2
M
*+*(
3
M
*+*(
4
M
*+*(
5
M
*+*(
6
M
*+*(
7
M
*+*(
8
M
*+*(
9
M
*+*(
10
M
*+*(
11
M
*+*(
12
)

with:
+ =
+ =
+
=
+ =

+ =
+ =
+

+ =
+ +
=

+ =
+

+ =

=
15
2
105
15
2
15
2
105
20 20 3
10 10 210
11
20
7
5
6
35
13
10 210
11
10 20
7
5
6
5
6
35
13
12 12
0
2 2 3
30 140 30 30 10 10 420
13
12 15
2
105
30 30 140 30 10 420
13
10 12 15
2
15
2
105
30 30 6 20
3
20
3
0
20 20 3
10 10 420
13
20
3
5
6
70
9
5
6
2 10 10 210
11
20
7
5
6
35
13
10 420
13
10 20
3
5
6
5
6
70
9
2 10 210
11
10 20
7
5
6
5
6
35
13
12 12
0
2 2 6 12 2
0
2 2 3
33 11
3
12
23 22 11
3
11
12
2
13
2
33 22 10
23 22 11
2
13 22 11 9
33 11
2
23 12 23 33 11 8
13 12 12 13 11 7
33 11
3
23 12
2
23 33 11
2
13 33 11
3
6
23 22 11
3
13
2
22 11
2
23 12 23 22 11
3
5
12
2
13
2
33 22 13 12 12
2
13
2
33 22 4
23 22 11
2
13 22 11 23 12 23 22 11
2
13 22 11 3
33 11
2
23 12 23 33 11 13 33 11
2
23 12 23 33 11 2
13 12 12 13 11 13 12 12 13 11 1
s s
*+*(
s s s
*+*(
s s s s
*+*(
s s s s s s
*+*(
s s s s s s s
*+*(
s s s s s
*+*(
s s s s s s s s s s
*+*(
s s s s s s s s s s s
*+*(
s s s s s s s s s s
*+*(
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
*+*(
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
*+*(
s s s s s s s s s s
*+*(
M M
sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( M
M M M
sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( M
M M M M
sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( M
M M M M
M M
sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( M
M M M M
M M
sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( M
M M M M M
sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( M
M M M M M M M M M M
sy( sy( sy( sy( sy( M
M M M M M M M M M M M
sy( sy( sy( sy( M
M M M M M M M M M M
sy( sy( sy( M
M M M M
M M
M M M M M M
M M
sy( sy( M
M M M M
M M M M M M M
M M
sy( M
M M M M M M M M M M
M
) *+'+1-*
Code_Aster
Version
default
with the followin terms:
M
s11
, M
s 12
, M
s 13
, M
s 22
, M
s 33
, M
s 23
who are iven to the e2uation &42
(.0.+ , 0H.
Note:
T#e ma!! matri; i! redu2ed b5 t#e te2#ni=ue of t#e lumped ma!!e! (<bib4?) + T#i!
diagonal ma!! matri; i! obtained b5 option MASS_MECA_DIAG of operator
CALC_MATR_ELEM <&4+81+01?+
*+'+# Discreti!ation of the fiber section - Comutation of
M
s
the discreti9ation of the fiber section allows of compute the various interals which intervene in the
mass matri#. Thus" if we have a section which comprises , fibers we will have the followin
appro#imations of the interals:
M
s11
=
- =1
,
2
-
S
-
! M
s12
=
- =1
,
2
-
z
-
S
-
! M
s 13
=
-=1
,
2
-
y
-
S
-
M
s22
=
-=1
,
2
-
z
-
2
S
-
! M
s 23
=
- =1
,
2
-
y
-
z
-
S
-
! M
s 33
=
- =1
,
2
-
y
-
2
S
-
) *+'+#-1
with
j
-
and
S
-
density and the section of each fiber.
y
-
and
z
-
are the coordinates of the center of
ravity of fiber defined as previously.
*+* Comutation of the internal forces
the computation of the nodal forces
F
int
due in a stress state interns iven is done by the interal:
F
int
=
B
T
. F
s
$x
) *+*-1
where B is the matri# ivin the enerali9ed strains accordin to nodal displacements &42 (.2.2,)H and
where
F
s
is the vector of the enerali9ed stresses iven to the e2uation &42 (.2.2,2H"

Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : lment de poutre multifibre (droite) Date : 24/09/2013 Page : 1,/23
Figure *+*-a: Multifibre beam - Comutation of
F
int
F
s
T
=
(
N M
y
M
z
M
x )
) *+*-#
the normal force N and the bendin moments
M
y
and
M
z
are computed by interation of the
stresses on the section &42 (.2.+,6H.
3ehaviour in torsion bein supposed to remain linear" the twistin moment is computed with nodal a#ial
rotations:
M
x
=GJ
x
0
x 2
0
x1
) *+*-'
the e2uation &42 (.(,+H is interated numerically:
F
-
=
B
T
. F
s
$x= /
- =1
2
w
-
B
(
x
-
)
T
. F
s
(
x
-
)
) *+*-*
1es positions and weihts of the Gauss points as well as the Lacobian are iven in the pararaph
&J(.2./H.
The analytical computation of 0
(
x
-
)
T
. F
s
(
x
-
)
ives:
( ) ( ) [ ] [ ]
z y y z z y y z
T
- s
T
-
M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 N 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 N 0 x x
4 4 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 1
0 0 = .F B
) *+*-/
where them
0
-
are iven to the e2uation &42 (.2.(,+H.
Code_Aster
Version
default
*+/ Formulation enriched in strain
-vec the interpolations by displacements by the e2uation &42 (.+,+H" the a#ial enerali9ed strain is
constant and the curvatures are linear (see e2uations &42 (.2.2,)H" &42 (.2.2,>H and &42 (.2./,0H):
e
s
( x)=
u
2
u
1
X
ys
( x )=
(
2
+
12 x
3
)
w
1
+
(
6x
y3
12 x
3
+
6
2
)
w
2
+
(
6x
y)
X
zs
( x )=
(
2
+
12 x
3
)
v
1
+
(
6x
4
)
z3
+
(
12 x
3
+
6
2
)
v
2
+
(
6x
4
)
z)
) *+/-1
.f there is no couplin between these two strains (elastic case" with the averae line of reference which
passes by the barycenter of the section)" that does not pose problems. 3ut in the nonlinear eneral
case" there is an offset of the neutral a#is" and the terms
'
s 12
and
'
s 13
of
K
s
(e2uations &42
(.2.2,0H and &42 (.2.2,(H) are not null" there is couplin between the moments and the normal force.
There is then an incompatibility in the appro#imation of the a#ial strains of a fiber:
e=e
s
( x)y X
zs
( x )+z X
ys
( x ) ) *+/-#
a mid,si9ed to eliminate this incompatibility is to enrich the strain field a#ial:

e
s
( x) e
s
( x)+ e
s
( x) ! e
s
( x)=o. G( x) ! G( x)=
4
8 x
2
for x
|
2
,
2

) *+/-'
where G( x ) is an enriched strain which derives from a function $bubble% in displacement and o the
deree of freedom of enrichment. The variational base of such an enrichment is provided by the
principle of Nu,Fashi9u &bib/H which can be presented same manner as the method of the incompatible
modes &bib)H.
*+/+1 Method of the incomatible modes
the reular field of enerali9ed displacements
U
s
is defined by the e2uation &42 (.+,*H. Generali9ed
strains
D
s
and enerali9ed stresses
F
s
by the e2uation &42 (.2.2,2H.
The principle of Nu,Fashi9u consists in writin the weak form of the balance e2uations" but also of the
computation of the strains and the constitutive law" in proEection on the three virtual fields (enerali9ed
displacements U
s
*
" enerali9ed strains D
s
*
and enerali9ed stresses F
s
*
):
0
$U
s
*
$x
F
s
$x4
*x1
=0
7
F
s
*
(
$ U
s
$x
D
s)
$x=0
7
D
s
*
(
F
s
K
s
. D
s
)
$x=0
) *+/+1-1
@ne introduces the enrichment of the real strains" and one chooses to break up the virtual field of
strains into a $reular% part e#it of the virtual field of displacements and an enriched part:
D
s
=
$U
s
$x
+
D
s
7
D
s
*
=
$U
s
*
$x
+ D
s
*
) *+/+1-#
@ne defers &42 (./.+,2aH in &42 (./.+,+bH" which Eustifies $enrichment% by orthoonality:

Code_Aster
Version
default
F
s
*
. D
s
$x=0
) *+/+1-'
the e2uation &42 (./.+,+cH breaks up into two since one has two independent virtual fields in &42
(./.+,2bH:
0
$U
s
*
$x
.
(
F
s
'
s
. D
s
)
$x=0
7
D
s
*
(
F
s
K
s
D
s
)
$x=0
) *+/+1-*
Enfin" the method of the incompatible modes consists in choosin the orthoonal space of the stresses
to the space of the enriched strains" so that &42 (./.+,0H is automatically checked and &42 (./.+,(bH thus
ives simply:
D
s
*
. K
s
. D
s
$x=0
) *+/+1-/
.f one returns to the stron formulation of the constitutive law in &42 (./.+,(aH and &42 (./.+,/H" the
system &42 (./.+,+H becomes:
0
$U
s
*
$x
. F
s
$x4
*x1
=0
7
D
s
*
F
s
$x=0
7 F
s
=K
s
D
s
) *+/+1-0
Remar)ue:
@ere one enri2#e! onl5 t#e a;ial !train b5 a beam element of Auler>Bernoulli: 3it# a
2ontinuou! fun2tion <= 4+.>3?: t#erefore
D=
(
e
s
0 0 0
)
T
.
*+/+# Numerical establishment
?rom the point of view finite elements" one can write displacements and the strains in matric form" with
the enriched part:
B
s
=N.(U)+Q.(o)
7 D=B.(U)+G.(o) ) *+/+#-1
where N and B are the conventional matri#es of the interpolation functions and their derivatives (see
&42 (.+,+H and &42 (.2.2,>H) and:
Q=
(
4 x

4 x
2
2
0 0 0
)
T
and G=
(
4

8 x
2
0 0 0
)
T
) *+/+#-#
Remar)ue:
G 3a! !ele2ted !o t#at t#e element al3a5! pa!!e! t#e Cpat2# te!tD (null !train
energ5 for a !olid motion) :
G( x) $x = 0
) *+/+#-'
-prOs of conventional handlin of transition of continuous to discrete" the system of e2uations &42
(./.+,)H" written for the roup of structure" is appro#imated by:
A
*=1
N
*+*(
( F
int
F
*x1
) =0
5
*
=0 *| 1, N
*+*(
) *+/+#-*
with:
Code_Aster
Version
default
F
int
=
B
T
. F
s
$x=
B
T
. K
s
.
(
B. U
s
+G. o
)
$x
F
*x1
=
N
T
. f $x
5
*
=
G
T
. F
s
$x
) *+/+#-/
A
*=1
N
*+*(
indicates the assembly on all the elements of the meshK f is the a#ial loadin distributed on the
element beam. The system of e2uations &42 (./.2,(H is nonlinear" it is solved in an iterative way (see
STAT_NON_LINE).
Fith the iteration (-+1) " with
AU
( - )
=U
(- +1)
U
(- )
and
Ao
(- )
=o
(- +1)
o
( - )
" the lineari9ation of
the system ives (iterations of correction of =ewton):
A
*=1
N
*+*(
( (
F
int
( -+1)
F
*x1
( -+1)
)
+K
*
( - )
. 6U
(- )
+X
*
( -)
6o
(- )
)
=0
5
*
( -+1)
+X
*
(- )T
. 6U
(- )
+H
*
( - )
6o
(- )
=0 *| 1, ... , N
*+*(
) *+/+#-0
with:
K
*
( - )
=
B
T
. K
s
( - )
. B $x
X
*
(- )
=
B
T
. K
s
(- )
.G $x
H
*
(- )
=
G
T
. K
s
(- )
. G $x
) *+/+#-1
the second e2uation of the system &42 (./.2,)H is local. .t independently allows of compute the deree of
freedom of o enrichment on each element. @ne computes it by a local iterative method (iterations ( / )
for a built,in
$
(- )
=AU
( - )
displacement):
o
( /+1)
(- )
=o
( / )
(- )
(
H
*( / )
( - )
)
1
5
*( / )
(- )
) *+/+#-2
-insi" when one convered at the local level" one a:
5
*
( $
( - )
,o
( - )
)=0 ) *+/+#-5
-nd one can operate a static condensation to eliminate o at the total level.
K
*
(- )
=K
*
(- )
X
*
(- )
(
H
*
(- )
)
1
X
*
( - )T
) *+/+#-16
?rom a practical point of view" this techni2ue makes it possible to treat enrichment at the elementary
level without disturbin the number of total derees of freedom. .t is established with the level of the
elementary routine loaded of compute options FULL_MECA" RAPH_MECA and RIGI_MECA_TANG.
Note:
in the typical case e#posed here" H
*
(- )
is a reality" therefore very easy to reverseP
in the same way" 5
*
and o are also realities.
The computation of '
*
( - )
is e#plained in the pararaph J (.2./" the other 2uantities of
the e2uation &42 (./.2,6H are computed accordin to the same techni2ue.
.n the same way the computation of
F
int
is e#plained in the pararaph J (.(" 5
*
in
the e2uation &42 (./.2,/H is computed accordin to the same techni2ue.

Code_Aster
Version
default
*+/+' 8arning
Cour an elastic behavior" the enrichment of the a#ial strains makes it possible to hold account correctly
couplin between the normal force and the bendin moments" and to return the response of the beam
independent of the position chosen for the reference a#is (see key word COOR_AXE_POUTRE in operator
DEFI_GEOM_FIBRE" &'(.2).*+H). .t thus makes it possible to treat the case of the offset beams.
3ut in the current version of *ode/0!ter" the enrichment of the a#ial strains was established only for
nonlinear computations with STAT_NON_LINE or DYNA_NON_LINE, for options FULL_MECA,
RAPH_MECA and RIGI_MECA_TANG.
@n the other hand" it is not established yet for option RIGI_MECA (matri# elastic" behavior model Q
ELAS')" because in this case it is necessary to write the e#plicitly condensed matri# (not of possible
iterations).
Thus" if one wants to make a correct computation for a beam offset with element POU_D_EM" it is
necessary to use STAT_NON_LINE with option MATRICE='TANGENTE'. -ll computations usin
RIGI_MECA are not correct (STAT_NON_LINE with option MATRICE='ELASTIQUE'"
MECA_STATIQUE" but also operators of computations of eien modesG).
.n the same way" the mass matri# (see J (.() was not modified and does not take account of the
enrichment of a#ial displacement.
*+0 Nonlinear models of beha,ior usable
1es supported models are on the one hand behavior models +5 of the type VMIS_ISOT_LINE "
VMIS_CINE_LINE" VMIS_ISOT_TRAC, CORR_ACIER and PINTO_MENEGOTTO &:/.*0.*8H for steels"
on the other hand model MAZARS_GC &:>.*+.*6H dedicated to the unia#ial behavior of the concrete into
cyclic. @ne can thus have several materials by multifibre beam element.
.n addition" if the behavior used is not available in +5" one can use other models 05 usin the method
of :. 5e 3orst &:/.*0.*8H). ?or e#ample" one can treat: GRAN_IRRA_LOG" VISC_IRRA_LOG. Nowever
in this case" one can treat one material by multifibre beam element.
Note:
T#e intern -ariable!: 2on!tant! b5 fiber: are !tored in t#e !ubpoint! atta2#ed to t#e point
of integration 2on!idered+
T#e a22e!! to t#e po!tpro2e!!ing of t#e =uantitie! defined in t#e !ubpoint! i! done -ia
format $AD3+0: of "alom+
/ Case of alication
@ne will be able usefully to consult the cases test,followin:
ssll+++a: Static response of a reinforced concrete beam (section in T) with thermo,elastic
linear behavior " &R0.*+.+++HK
sdll+0*b: Seismic response of a reinforced concrete beam (rectanular section) with linear
behavior" &R2.*2.+0*HK
sdll+02a : Eien modes of a frame out of multifibre beamsK &R2.*2.+02HK
ssnl++8a" ssnl++8b: Static response of a reinforced concrete beam (rectanular section) with
nonlinear behavior" &R).*2.++8HK
sdnl+0*a: Seismic response of a reinforced concrete beam (rectanular section) with
nonlinear behavior" &R/.*2.+0*HK
ssll+*2E: 7lamped beam subEected to unit forces" &R0.*+.+*2HK
ssnl+*)" ssnl+*)h: Elastoplastic beam in tension and pure bendin" &R).*2.+*)HK
ssnl+22a: 7antilever beam <ulti,?ibers subEected to a force &R).*2.+22HK
ssnl+20a: 3ucklin of a beam <ulti,?ibers &R).*2.+20H .

Code_Aster
Version
default
0 .ibliograh"
&+H L.1. 3-T@S" G. 5N-TT: <odeli9ation of structures by finite elements , NE:<ES.
&2H L. G'E5ES" C. CEG@= T -. C.=T@: - fiber Timoshenko beam element in 7-STE< 2*** ,
.spra" +88(.
&0H C. U@T:@=.S: 5ynamic shears of reinforced concrete walls. Simplified models 25 and 05 ,
ThOse de 5octorat of the E=S 7achan , 2***.
&(H L.<. C:@.I" C. <.-1@=" <.T. 3@':5E.I: V l4ments $e#act% of beams (riht and curved)"
5ocumentation of reference of *ode/0!ter &:0.*6.*+H .
&/H @.7 S.E=U.EF.7S and :.1 T-A1@:. The ?inite <ethod Element. 3utterworth,Neinemann"
@#ford" the '.U." /th E5. Sienkiewic9 and Taylor , 2***.
&)H -. .3:-N.<3EG@R.7 and E.1. F.1S@=. - modified method of incompatible modes.
7ommum. =umer. <ethods En." >:+6>,+8( , +88+.
&>H &'(.2).*+H @perator DEFI_GEOM_FIBRE.
&6H &:>.*+.+2H <odeli9ation of thermohydration" the dryin and the shrinkin of the concrete.
G.5ebruyne" <ay 2**/.
1 Descrition of the ,ersions of the document
Indice
document
9ersion
&ster
&uteur (4)
:rganisme (4)
Descrition of amendments
- ).( 4+Moulin (E5?,:T5W-<-)"
1.5avenne (E=S7W.nitial 1<T)
" Rersion
3 8./ 1.5avenne (E=S7W1<T)"
?.Roldoire (E5?,:T5W-<-)
Enrichissement of the a#ial strain by function
bubble and static condensation into nonlinear"
taken into account of torsion into linear"
adaptation with the new data structure
GROUP_FIBRE, cf drives :EI 8+(+.
1ist cases of applications.
7+* +* ?.Roldoire (E5?,:T5W-<-) 7orrections of workin @penoffice.

r3 08 08

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

r3 08 08

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Code_Aster

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen