APES- Environmental History and Law- Presentation (Guided Viewing) Name: Selena Felix 1: What are the 4 stages

of American Environmental History? Hunter-Gatherer Society Agricultural Revolution Industrial/Medical Revolution Information/Globalization Revolution 2: Why were the Hunter-Gatherers considered to have a low environmental impact? Small populations Low resource use per person Nomadic/Shifting land use 3: Why do you think Jared Diamond coined the agricultural revolution as the Greatest Mistake in Human History? More waste More demand More habitat destruction 4: Contrast the Good and Bad of the Agricultural Revolution: Good More food Supported a larger population Higher standard of living for many people Formation of villages, towns and cities Towns and cities served as centers for trade, government and religion Bad Destruction of wildlife habitats from clearing forests and grasslands Killing of wild animals feeding on grass or crops Fertile land turned into desert by livestock overgrazing Soil eroded into streams and lakes Towns and cities concentrated wastes and pollution and increased spread of diseases Increase in armed conflict and slavery over ownership 5: What are the Roots of abuse in the American Frontier Era? The first colonists Westward expansion 6: Look at the graphic of the North American Buffalo territory- what happened to the Buffalo

over a short period of time? It became endangered/extinct 7: List HOW the Industrial Revolution impacted the environment. Increased habitat destruction and pollution. 8: List the GOOD and Bad news of the Industrial-Medical Revolution Good Mass production of useful and affordabel products Higher standard of living for many Greatly increased agriculture production Lower infant mortality Longer life expectancy Increased urbanization Lower rate of Bad Increased air pollution Increased water pollution Increased waste production Soil depletion and degradation Groundwater depletion Habitat destruction and degradation Biodiverstiy depletion

9: List some events of the Early Conservation Era: Beginning of Federal control Golden Age of Conservation Great Depression Dust Bowl World Wars Franklin Rossevelt 10: Explain how each of the following Early Environmentalists impacted the environmental movement: *Henry David Thoreau -Massachusetts wildlife areas (Walden Pond, Life In The Woods) *George Perkins Marsh -Warned about collapse of civilization in Man and Nature (1864) *John Wesley Powell -Powell Report first advocate to regulate land use

*President Grant -Yellowstone National Park Created (1872) by President Grant *President Harrison -Passed a law stating that the President could set aside lands for national parks and national forests *John Muir -Founded Sierra Club (1892) *Gifford Pinchot -1st Chief U.S. Forester *Theodore Roosevelt -Created 40+ wildlife refuges, tripled forest reserves *Stephen Mather -First head of National Park Service created in 1916 11: What was the 1st federal land restoration project? Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) 12: What were the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) responsible for? Planted trees, erosion control, nature trails, etc. Federal program to give unemployed men jobs during the depression. 13: Why was the Taylor Grazing Act important to the environment? Explain. Regulated the grazing of public land. 14: Why was WWII the end of the Conservation Era? Environmental back-lash in the 80s 15: When did the environmental era start? Who was responsible for starting the movement? How? The environment era started in 1960. Rachel Carson was responsible for starting the movement. 16: Who was Aldo Leopold? Environmental Philosophy Sand County Almanac

Humans are part of a community that includes natural resources Problems arise when land is viewed as a commodity

17: When was the 1st official Earth Day? January 1st 1970 18: What were some key legislation in the 60s, 70s and 80s? Wilderness Act 1964 Wild and Scenic Rivers Act 1968 National Environmental Policy Act 1969 The Clean Air Act 1972 Alaska Land Bill 1980 19: What is the EPA? What are they responsible for? Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): federal money for studying & improving environmental quality. 20: Who are the NRCS? What are they responsible for? What about CITES? Natural Resources Conservation Service. Responsible for monitoring private land use, advises landowners on soil/water conservation methods. Educates and advises. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species is a 1975 international agreement between world governments, to penalize those who trade in endangered organisms or their body parts. 21: List the following: * Montreal Protocol: 1987 international agreement, initiated by UNEP to phase out use of ozone-depleting chemicals by 2000/2005 A 1997 international agreement to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by 5% by 2012 *IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1998) Thousands of scientists monitor, share and publish reports on atmospheric change *Kyoto Protocol: A 1997 international agreement to reduce the emission of greenhouse

gases by 5% by 2012 Not signed by the USA 22: List some of the important U.S. Environmental Laws below: Food quality protection act Endangered species act Resource conservation and recovery act Marine procetion act