THE GENERALIZED-K (GK) DISTRIBUTION I.

BACKGROUND -Composite channels: Nakagami-m fading (envelope of the small-scale component), superimposed on Lognormal shadowing (power of large-scale component). Issue: Lognormal model, not mathematically tractable. Solution: Use of Gamma distribution (analytically tractable), instead of the Lognormal, for further analysis. This leads to the Generalized-K (GK) distribution: for the power of the signal, then allowing further analysis. Thus GK= Gamma fading plus Gamma shadowing. - KG distribution: As for the envelope of the signal: Nakagami-m fading , superimposed on Lognormal shadowing, we have the so-called KG distribution. -K distribution: particular case, when the fading is modeled by the Rayleigh distribution.

II. MODEL AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS: SOME REFERENCES [1]: (Very important, fundamental: explains how the Gamma distribution (shadowing) parameters were obtained, from the Lognormal...using a moment matching method.) Kostic, I.M., "Analytical approach to performance analysis for channel subject to shadowing and fading," Communications, IEE Proceedings- , vol.152, no.6, pp.821,827, 9 Dec. 2005

[2]: P. Shankar, Outage probabilities in shadowed fading channels using a compound statistical model, Communications, IEEE Proceedings-, vol. 152, no. 6, pp. 828 832, dec. 2005. [3]: I. Trigui, A. Laourine, S. Affes, and A. Stephenne, Performance analysis of mobile radio systems over composite fading/shadowing channels with co-located interference, Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 8, no. 7,pp. 3448 3453, july 2009. [4]: Trigui, I.; Laourine, A.; Affes, S.; Stephenne, A., "Outage Analysis of Wireless Systems over Composite Fading/Shadowing Channels with Co-Channel Interference," Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2009. WCNC 2009. IEEE , vol., no., pp.1,6, 5-8 April 2009. [5]: A. Abdi and M. Kaveh, K distribution: an appropriate substitute for Rayleigh-lognormal distribution in fading-shadowing wireless channels [6]: P. M. Shankar, Error rates in generalized shadowed fading channels, Wirel. Pers. Commun., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 233238, feb 2004.

[7]: P. Bithas, N. Sagias, P. Mathiopoulos, G. Karagiannidis, and A. Rontogiannis, On the performance analysis of digital communications over generalized-k fading channels, Communications Letters, IEEE, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 353 355, may 2006. III. SUM APPROXIMATIONS: A. For the GK distribution [1]: Sum of GK random variables (Not really accurate, and little bit hard to use) S. Al-Ahmadi and H. Yanikomeroglu, On the approximation of the generalized-k; distribution by a gamma distribution for modeling composite fading channels, Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 706 713, february 2010. [2]: (BETTER, ACCURATE, SIMPLE !) S. Al-Ahmadi and H. Yanikomeroglu, On the approximation of the pdf of the sum of independent generalized-k rvs by another generalized-k pdf with applications to distributed antenna systems, in IEEE WCNC10, Apr. 2010, pp. 1 6. B. For the KG distribution [1]: For i.i.d RVs K. Peppas, Accurate closed-form approximations to generalised-k sum distributions and applications in the performance analysis of equal-gain combining receivers, IET Commun., vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 982 989, Apr. 2011. C. Sum of correlated RVs Al-Ahmadi, S.; Yanikomeroglu, H., "On the Statistics of the Sum of Correlated Generalized-K RVs," Communications (ICC), 2010 IEEE International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1,5, 23-27 May 2010

D. Cascaded GK fading channel (multiplication) Peppas, K.; Lazarakis, F.; Alexandridis, A.; Dangakis, K., "Cascaded generalised-K fading channel," Communications, IET , vol.4, no.1, pp.116,124, January 5 2010