PRINCIPLES OF THE GRAMMAR-TRANSLATION METHOD

TEACHERS GOALS IN THIS METHOD : Fundamental purpo e o! learn"n# !ore"#n lan#ua#e " to $e a$le to read l"terature %r"tten "n t&e tar#et lan#ua#e' &en(e #rammar rule and )o(a$ular* o! tar#et lan#ua#e need to $e learned+ Stud*"n# a !ore"#n lan#ua#e pro)"de tudent %"t& #ood mental e,er(" e %&"(& &elp de)elop t&e"r m"nd +

LANG-AGE / C-LT-RE 1IE2ED AS : L"terar* lan#ua#e (on "dered a uper"or to po3en lan#ua#e and " t&ere!ore t&e lan#ua#e tudent tud*+ Culture " )"e%ed a (on " t"n# o! l"terature and t&e !"ne art + ROLES OF TEACHER / ST-DENTS Trad"t"onal (la room : tea(&er(entered (la room %&ere tea(&er &a t&e autonom* "n (la and tudent 0u t !ollo%+ INTERACTIONS IN CLASS : Mo t "ntera(t"on are !rom tea(&er to tudent and l"ttle tudent "n"t"at"on and tudent- tudent "ntera(t"on +

LANG-AGE / S.ILL EMPHASIS : 1o(a$ular* and #rammar are emp&a "5ed+ Read"n# and pr"mar* 3"ll + %r"t"n# are

IF ST-DENTS ERRORS : Tea(&er uppl"e (orre(t an %er+

MA.E t&em %"t&

TEACHING 6 LEARNING PROCESS : Student are tau#&t to tran late !rom one lan#ua#e to anot&er and tud* #rammar dedu(t")el*+ Student al o learn #rammat"(al parad"#m and memor"5e nat")e lan#ua#e e4u")alent !or !ore"#n lan#ua#e )o(a$ular* %ord + ROLE OF ST-DENTSS NATI1E LANG-AGE : Mean"n# o! tar#et lan#ua#e " made (lear $* tran lat"n# "n "nto tudent nat")e lan#ua#e' t&u nat")e lan#ua#e " mo tl* u ed "n (la +

E1AL-ATION : 2r"tten te t "n %&"(& tudent are a 3ed to tran late !rom t&e"r nat")e lan#ua#e to tar#et lan#ua#e or )"(e )er a+ Student are 4ue t"oned a$out !ore"#n (ulture or a 3ed to appl* #rammar rule +

ELT 2ITH SPECIFIC REGARD TO H-MANISTIC APPROACH Late t and mo t t&ou#&t-pro)o3"n# lan#ua#e-tea(&"n# met&od %&"(& ad)o(ated $* Mar"o R"n)olu(r"+ Tea(&er rel"n4u" & a #reat deal o! aut&or"t* and $e(ome !a("l"tator+ A((ord"n# to "t t&eor"e ' a re(e")er "n edu(at"on " !"r t a &uman $e"n#' t&en a learner+ I! a per on (annot at" !* &" $a "( need p&* "(all* and p *(&olo#"(all*' &e %"ll !a"l to (on(entrate on &" lan#ua#e learn"n# %&ole &eartedl*+ A!!e(t " not onl* t&e $a "( need o! &uman $od*' $ut al o t&e (ond"t"on and prem" e o! ot&er p&* "(al and p *(&olo#"(al a(t")"t"e + Tend to ee lan#ua#e learn"n# a a pro(e %&"(& en#a#e %&ole per on and not 0u t t&e "ntelle(t+ Ta3e "nto a((ount emot"onal and p"r"tual need o! "nd")"dual+ 7 met&od (on "dered re!le(t p&"lo op&* o! t&" approa(& : t&e "lent %a*' (ommun"t* lan#ua#e learn"n#' u##e topaed"a' total p&* "(al re pon e+

H-MANISTIC APPROACH

H-MANISTIC METHODOLOGIES

T&e S"lent 2a* : e)ol)ed $* Cale$ Gatten#o+ - e F"del (&art / et(+ tea(&er " 0u t !a("l"tator / pea3 )er* l"ttle+

Commun"t* Lan#ua#e Learn"n# : propo ed $* C&arle Curran %&o %anted learn"n# to ta3e pla(e "n an an,"et*-!ree atmo p&ere+ Tea(&er &a uno$tru ")e role / a"d learner to learn+ Learner !orm (ommun"t* / &elp ea(& ot&er+

Su##e topaed"a: de)eloped $* Geor#e La5ano)+ Su##e t an,"et*-redu("n# / $arr"er-remo)"n# tool+ Cla e "n(lude !"ne art a "nte#ral part o! le on+ Fun(t"onal a pe(t o! tar#et lan#ua#e " emp&a "5ed+

Total P&* "(al Re pon e : e)ol)ed $* 8ame A &er' $el"e)ed t&e %a* (&"led learn mot&er ton#ue (an $e dupl"(ated "n !ore"#n lan#ua#e "tuat"on+ Met&od (on " t o! (ommand !ollo%ed $* leaner 9 learner do not pea3 unt"l read*+

Pra(t"(e "n Cla : u e po ter ' (&art ' mu "(' (om!orta$le (&a"r ' rela,at"on e,er(" e ' ne% "dent"t"e !or learner ' peer %or3 ' #ame ' role pla* ' (reat")e lan#ua#e %or3+

RES-LTS : t&e tudent "n Ind"a %&o &ad $een pra(t"(ed t&" met&od are a$le to "ntera(t "ndependentl* "n En#l" &+ Re ult !ound to $e e!!e(t")e / en&an(ed t&e p"r"t o! mot")at"on "n tea(&"n# / learn"n# a lan#ua#e 3"ll &uman" t"(all*+

CONCL-SION : &uman" t"( edu(at"on " a )al"d edu(at"onal approa(& / lead to !e%er d" ("pl"ne pr$lem "n / out o! (la room+

THE NAT-RAL APPROACH De)eloped $* .ra &en dan Terrell =>?@AB' %"t& e(&oe o! Cnatural" t"( approa(& o! t&e D"re(t Met&od+ Emp&a "5ed C(ompre&en "$le "nput' d" t"n#u" &"n# $et%een Ca(4u" "t"on 9 a natural u$(on ("ou pro(e ' and Clearn"n# 9 (on ("ou pro(e + T&e !o(u " on mean"n#' not !orm = tru(ture' #rammarB+ Nunan o)er)"e% o! t&e Natural Approa(& =>?@?' >?7->?DB THEOR: OF LANG-AGE THEOR: OF LEARNING E en(e o! lan#ua#e " mean"n#

not #rammar+ A(4u" "t"on : u$(on "ou pro(e pro(e ; Learn"n# : (on( "ou + Learn"n# (annot lead to

a(4u" "t"on+ O<8ECTI1ES For $e#"nner 6 "ntermed"ate learner (ommun"(at")e 3"ll + 7 $road area : $a "( per onal

T E C H N READING ALO-D Student ta3e turn read"n# e(t"on+ to read out loud a I E E S IN D I R E C T M E T H O D CON1ERSATION PRACTICE Student %ere a 3ed !e% 4ue t"on tar#et lan#ua#e' %&"(& t&e* &a)e under tand and a$le to an %er+ "n to E-ESTION AND ANS2ER EFERCISE Condu(ted "n tar#et lan#ua#e+ Student are a 3ed 4ue t"on and an %er "n !ull enten(e to pra(t"(e %"t& ne% %ord and #rammat"(al tru(ture+

End o! ea(& tudent turn' tea(&er u e #e ture ' p"(ture ' real"a' e,ample or ot&er mean to ma3e t&e mean"n# (learer+ GETTING ST-DENTS TO SELF-CORRECT Student #et to el!-(orre(t $* ma3"n# a (&o"(e $et%een t&e"r o%n an %er and t&e tea(&er an %er+ Tea(&er "mpl* repeat tudent an %er "n a 4ue t"on"n# )o"(e a a "#nal+ Tea(&er repeat tudent an %er $ut top 0u t $e!ore t&e error t&e* &a)e made+ FILL-IN-THE-<LAN. EFERCISE Item are "n tar#et lan#ua#e / no PARAGRAPH 2RITING e,pl"("t #rammar rule %ould $e appl"ed+ are a 3ed to %r"te a para#rap& Student %"t& o%n %ord + Student &a)e "ndu(ed t&e #rammar rule t&e* to !rom !"ll "n !rom e,ample Could $eneed done memor* or u e and pra(t"(e %"t& earl"er le on+ read"n# pa a#e !rom earl"er le on+

In (la ' tudent are a 3ed 4ue t"on a$out t&em el)e (onta"n"n# part"(ular #rammat"(al tru(ture + Student $e"n# a$le to 4ue t"on amon# t&em u "n# ame #rammat"(al tru(ture + DICTATION MAP DRA2ING Tea(&er read a pa a#e A t"me + Student #")en map %"t& unnamed > t %"t& normal peed' %&"le tudent l" ten+ #eo#rap&"(al !eature and (omplete "t $* nd tea(&er G %"t& p&ra e "n $* tru(t"on+ p&ra e %"t& lon# pau e !or tudent to %r"te+ Later tudent "n tru(t tea(&er to map on $la(3$oard+ Ard %"t&(omplete normal t&e peed !or dra%n t&e tudent to (&e(3+