Theories: the basis of approaches and models.

Approaches: correlative assumption or believe Models: specific strategies Authoritarian classroom management authority/teacher based 1. Skinners behaviour modification model reinforcements ; reward & negative reinforcement (carrot and stick approach) 2. Jones positive classroom discipline effectiveness and efficiency of teachers behaviour 3. Canters assertive discipline teachers to be assertive, set clear rules and expectations and to enforce them calmly. Behaviour modification Based on the work of skinner Pupils change behaviour to get desired rewards The use of reinforcement principles to change some aspects of educational practice or pupils behaviour Positive & negative reinforcements and punishments Positive reinforcements: praises, grades, stickers Negative reinforcements: extra weekend homework Punishments 1. Undesirable stimulus 2. Stricter actions

Group processes/ social phsychological Teaching and learning occur through social interaction Effectiveness of group processes can be affected by peer-group relations Pupils form a miniature society with peers, teachers and aides As members of a social group, pupils need to achieve social motives of affiliation 1. Positive classroom climate + effective teachers + leadership style + effective communication + levels of friendship + high expectations + classroom norms + managing conflict

Instructional classroom management