The term organization has been defined in several ways defines it as a specific configuration of structure, people, task and

techniques. Structure describe the form of departments, hierarchy of committees. It influence the organization efficiency and effectiveness. People refers to the skill, attitudes and social interaction of the members of the organization . Task refers to the goal of the individual and the organization. Techniques refers to the methodical approach use to perform tasks. rganizational Structure thus refers to the institutional arrangements and mechanism for mobilizing human, physical, financial and information resources at all levels of the system. rganization is also defined as a system incorporating a set of subsystem. These subsystems are related group of activities which are performed to meet the ob!ectives of the organization. rganization has been viewed differently by numerous theorists. "ow ever, all definitions usually contain five common features# $omposed of individual and group individuals% riented towards achieving common goals &ifferential function Intended rational coordination% and $ontinuity through time.

Structure Structure is thus an integral component of the organization. The arrangement and interrelationship of component parts and positions in an organization. It Provides guidelines on# &ivision of works into activities 'inkages between different function "ierarchy (uthority structure (uthority relationship% and $oordination with the environment rganizational structure

Principle of

)odern organizational structure have evolved several organizational theories, which have identified certain principles as basic to any organization.

Specialization Specialization facilitates division of work into units for efficient performance. (ccording to the classic approach, work can be performed much better if is divided into components and people are encouraged to specialized by components. *ork can be specialized both horizontally and vertically. +ertical Specialization in a research, field staff, etc., "orizontally, work is divided into department like genetics, plant pathology, administration, accounts, etc. Specialization enables application of specialized knowledge which betters the quality of work and improves organizational efficiency. (t the same time, it can influence fundamental work attitudes, relationship and communication. This may make coordination difficult and obstruct the functioning of the organization. There are four main casual factors which could unfavourably affect attitudes and work style. These are differences in# ,oal orientation Time orientation Inter-personal orientation% and The formality of structure

$oordination $oordination refers to integrating the ob!ectives and activities of specialized departments to realize broad strategic ob!ectives of the organization. It inclues two basic decisions pertaining to# a. *hich units or groups should be placed together, and b. The pattern of relationships, information network and communication .fficient coordination can